No abstract available.
Cleft Lip* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Nose* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Cleft Lip* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Nose*

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Influenza virus are the most common pathogen for causing severe upper respiratory infection in all age groups. A multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been developed to detect and subtype influenza A (H3N2 and H1N1), B virus and RSV simultaneously in one tube reaction. Amplification with primers derived from conserved sequences within the nucleocapsid for RSV and hemagglutinin subunit for Influenza A (H3N2 and H1N1) and B viruses yielded a 384 bp, a 300 bp, a 236 bp and a 151 bp, respectively. Assay specificity was confirmed by pulse field gel electrophoresis and autosequencing method. Assay sensitivity was 3 PFU/ml of RSV, 22 PFU/ml, 45 PFU/ml of Influenza type A (H3N2 and H1N1) and 6.6 PFU/ml of Influenza B virus by plaque assay. A rapid and sensitive detection method of a one-tube with multiplex RT-PCR capable of identifying more than one viral template as well as synchronizing reverse transcription and PCR had the potential to produce considerable savings of time and cost effectiveness in the diagnostic laboratory.
Conserved Sequence ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Electrophoresis ; Hemagglutinins ; Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine ; Humans* ; Income ; Influenza B virus ; Influenza, Human* ; Nucleocapsid ; Orthomyxoviridae* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human* ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Reverse Transcription* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

No abstract available.
Carotid Artery, Common* ; Rupture*

OBJECTIVE: This research was performed to evaluate the relation clinical symptoms and P300 in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: 25 patients with schizophenia by DSM-IV in Soonchunhyang Chunan University hospital were participated. Clinical symptoms were checked by BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) and PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). Auditory event related potentials P300 components were obtained with "Oddball paradigm". RESULTS: P300 in T 3 was smaller and more delayed than T 4 in patients with schizophrenia. Especially, P300 on T 3 were correlated with BPRS scores and negative symptoms scores of PANSS, which were also correlated with P300 on Fz. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that P300 on frontal and left temporal lobe reflect clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Schizophrenia* ; Temporal Lobe

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: GJB2 (Connexin 26), the gene of the gap-junction proteins, was found to be the main causative gene of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (DFNB1). Whereas 35delG was known as the major type mutation in the western countries, 235delC was reported as the specific form of mutation in Asian population. The objective of this study is to identify how two mutations (235 delC, E114G) found in the Korean population affect the function of GJB2 using the molecular biology techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 235delC and E114G types of mutations were cloned in the pcDNA3 vector. HeLa cells were transfected with these cloned vectors by the liposome complex method. 1) The expression and subcellular localization of Cx26 were determined using antibodies against amino acid sequences in the intracellular loop (IL) and N-terminal (NT) portions of Cx26. 2) To analyze functions of the GJB2, we examined the lucifer yellow dye transfer between cells with scrape-loaded technique. We used the wild-type (WT) Cx26 of normal hearing as a positive control, and mock cells as a negative control. RESULTS: The immunocytochemical analysis showed that cells transfected with E114G and WT gave characteristic punctuated patterns of reaction in the cell membrane with both antibodies. However, 235delC cells were not stained with the anti-IL antibody but only with the anti-NT antibody slightly around the nucleus regions. In the functional study of GJB2, transfer of lucifer yellow dye into contiguous cells was detected in E114G but not in 235delC. CONCLUSION: The 235delC type of mutation showed loss of their targeting activity on the cell membrane. As a result, the function of gap junction channels were severely deteriorated. With the E114G type mutation, we didn't find any difference when compared with the WT transfected cells. Above data indicate that types of GJB2 mutation are closely related to the status of hearing loss due to altered function of gap junction protein.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cell Membrane ; Clone Cells ; Connexins ; Gap Junctions* ; Hearing Loss* ; Hearing* ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Liposomes ; Molecular Biology

OBJECTIVE: Total alkaline phosphatase (TALP) has been common bone formation marker of managing individual cases of highly abnormal bone remodeling, such as paget's disease. However, the lack of bone specificity of TALP balances such as bone loss resulting from postmenopausal estrogen deficiency and osteoporosis. This study investigated usefulness of TALP as a biochemical markers of bone turn over in healthy menopausal women. METHODS: The levels of urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD), serum total alkaline phosphatase (TALP), osteocalcin (OC) were determined. Bone mineral density (BMD) were also measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). We compared the biochemical markers of bone turnover and serum TALP among 3 group classified by menopausal state, and among 3 groups classified by WHO classification of osteoporosis. Also we analyzed the correlation between bone markers with BMD and bone markers with age. RESULTS: All biochemical markers of bone turnover (TALP, DPD, OC) were increased significantly with age. There were negative correlation between Biochemical markers of bone turnover and spinal BMD (TALP; r=-0.440, p<0.01, DPD; r=-0.380, p<0.001, OC; r=-0.328, p<0.001, respectively). Biochemical markers of bone turnover (TALP, DPD, OC) in osteoporosis group were significantly higher than osteopenia and normal BMD group. The TALP significantly increased in osteopenia group compared normal BMD group but not DPD and OC. Biochemical markers of bone turnover (TALP, DPD, OC) were increased from premenopause to postmenopause. There were positive correlation between DPD and OC (r=0.365, p<0.001). TALP correlated well with DPD (r=0.490, p<0.001) and OC (r=0.433, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Because of these association, we concluded that total alkaline phosphatase is a useful biochemical markers of bone turnover and reflects the bone turnover in healthy menopausal women characterized by more subtle remodeling imbalances such as bone loss resulting from postmenopausal estrogen deficiency and osteoporosis.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Alkaline Phosphatase* ; Biomarkers* ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Bone Remodeling ; Classification ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Osteocalcin ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis ; Postmenopause ; Premenopause ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Although it is not certain when malaria began to appear in the Korean peninsula, it is believed to have had been an endemic disease until 1984. Vivax malaria reemerged in the Republic of Korea (ROK) in 1993. In the early period most of the cases occurred among soldiers stationed in the DMZ and the adjacent region. In order to cope with malaria, the soldiers at risk received chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine and primaquine. The regimen for the treatment of vivax malaria in Korea was established in 1950's. Primaquine was introduced in 1951, and the field testing during the Korean War demonstrated that the combination of three days of chloroquine administration with fourteen days of primaquine reliably prevented the recurrence of vivax malaria. The regimen has been used since then, but there were some controversies as to whether or not to start chloroquine and primaquine on the same day. Most of the current treatment guidelines recommend the use of primaquine for fourteen days to overlap with blood schizonticide agents such as chloroquine and routine tests for G-6-PD deficiency before use. Previous data showed that the G-6-PD deficiency rate has been found very low among Koreans. Thus, it is not always necessarily mandatory to test for G-6-PD deficiency among Korean patients.
Chemoprevention ; Chloroquine ; Endemic Diseases ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase ; Humans ; Korea* ; Korean War ; Malaria ; Malaria, Vivax* ; Military Personnel ; Primaquine ; Recurrence ; Republic of Korea

No abstract available.
Child ; Child, Orphaned* ; Humans

PURPOSE: Intussusception is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in young children. Although intussusceptions are easily treated, some intussusceptions with or without a pathologic lead point (PLP) often recur. In this study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and prognosis of recurrent intussusceptions (RI), the frequency of the PLP, and correlation between RI with PLP. METHODS: The medical records of 144 patients, among 590 patients with intussusceptions who had been admitted to the Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of Dankook University Hospital between May 1994 and June 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The overall recurrence rate of intussusceptions in this study was 9.2%. The mean interval between the initial occurrence and the first recurrent attack was 130+/-175 days (range, 12 hours to 3 years). There was no statistically significant difference in the recurrence rate among patients who underwent air, barium, and manual reduction (p=0.131). Eighty-seven cases (92.6%) of RI had a successful reduction by the use of non-operative techniques. A PLP was present in 18 patients (3.0%). The most common PLP was intestinal lymphoid hyperplasia, followed by Meckel's diverticulum, duplication cyst, intestinal polyp, and adenomyoma. The mean number of intussusceptions was 4.7+/-1.9 in 7 patients with PLP, which was significantly higher than (2.4+/-0.9) patients without a PLP (p=0.023). The mean duration of recurrences was 17.4+/-19.8 months (range, 2 days to 72 months). CONCLUSION: A careful search for a PLP should be performed to prevent recurrence of intussusception, especially when intussusception has recurred more than three times.
Adenomyoma ; Barium ; Child ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intestinal Polyps ; Intussusception ; Meckel Diverticulum ; Medical Records ; Pediatrics ; Prognosis ; Recurrence