Fractures of the patella are intra-articular fractures of a sesamoid bone. The goal of treatment is to restore the function of the extensor mechanism and congtvity of the articular surface of the knee. So postoperative traumatic arthritis is minimized by an accurate reduction of the articular surfaces. We analyzed nine cases of the patella fractures which were treated by the use of arthroscopy to allow visualization of and working inside of joints, and the use of the image-intensifier fluoroscope to allow real-time vi.sualization of the skeleton. The results were as follows The fixation of patelia fractures using an arthroscopy could be applied to transverse or vertical fractures without comminution and severe osteoporosis. 2. In the treatment of two types of patella fractures (simple transverse e rnarginal vertical fractures without comminution), clinically satisfactory results were obtained through the accurate reduction of articular surface using an arthroscopy and image intensifier.
Arthritis ; Arthroscopy* ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Joints ; Knee ; Osteoporosis ; Patella* ; Sesamoid Bones ; Skeleton

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) most often involve the pleura and also may encompass the peritoneum and nonserosal sites. They occur as solitary encapsulated tumors and pursue a relatively benign clinical course. The usual criteria for malignancy are high cellularity, mitotic activity (more than 4 per 10 high-power fields), cellular pleomorphism, hemorrhage and necrosis as well as infiltrative growth. We report a case of malignant SFT of pleura who presented with an anterior mediastinal mass. Grossly, it was a 10x8x6.5 cm sized, encapsulated and well-demarcated, solid neoplasm with areas of extensive necrosis. Microscopically, parallel or haphazard arrangement of spindle cells with variable degrees of collagenous background were noted. Storiform fascicle formation, hemangiopericytoma-like pattern, and epithelioid cell clusters were often intermingled. Nodular areas with high cellularity and mitotic activity (> or =10/10 HPFs) were scattered throughout the neoplasm, however no definite cellular pleomorphism was encountered. Tumor cells were immunoreactive for vimentin and CD-34, which distinguished them from the mesothelial cells. Electron microscopically, they revealed fibroblastic and myofibroblastic differentiation.
Collagen ; Epithelioid Cells ; Fibroblasts ; Hemorrhage ; Mediastinum ; Myofibroblasts ; Necrosis ; Peritoneum ; Pleura ; Solitary Fibrous Tumor, Pleural* ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors* ; Vimentin

The pulmonary cytology has reached a high level of accuracy. By the examination of the sputum and/or bronchial brushings, it is now possible to make a diagnosis in 70% to 90% of patients with cancer. Primary melanoma of the lung is very rare and there have been reported about 20 cases in the world literature. We present a case of primary malignant melanoma of the lung in a 61-year-old male diagnosed by cytologic examination of sputum, bronchial brushing and aspirated pleural fluid. Histologic examination of bronchoscopic biopsy and examination of the skin and other primary sites confirmed the diagnosis.
Male ; Humans ; Biopsy

Biological behavior of malignant tumors has been assessed by morphological grading, clinical staging, and estimating other tumor markers. Recently DNA ploidy measured by flow cytometry and image analyser has been suggested as an additional useful indicator of the tumor behavior. In order to extract useful tumor cell-specific information in ovarian mucinous tumors, DNA contents and other morphologic parameters were measured by image analysis and DNA ploidy was also measured by flow cytometry. In all cases of cystadenoma, DNA diploidies were observed. In borderline malignancy, DNA diploidies were chiefly observed except one case of polyploidy. In true malignancy, DNA aneuploidies were observed except one case of polyploidy and two cases of diploidies by image analysis, and except four cases of diploides and one cas of polyploidy by flow cytometry. The statistical significance were observed in DNA ploidy pattern by image analysis. In nuclear areas, perimeters and major axis, statistical significance were not observed. These results suggest that DNA ploidy pattern are more or less independent parameter as an additional useful indicator of the histological grade of malignancy and that image analysis are better than flow cytometry in detecting DNA aneuploidy.
Tumor Markers, Biological

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to provide baseline data by utilizing solutions to health problems caused by work-related stress and to examine a way of treatment by comparing and analyzing how the stresses link to fatigue and quality of researchers' life. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 50 researchers working for in H research institute in Daejeon Metropolitan City from April 10th to May 10th, 2012 to examine the correlation of work stress, fatigue and quality of life. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test to look into examine the difference in work stress, fatigue, and quality of life. Also, the correlation of work stress, fatigue and quality of life was measured through by the Pearson correlation coefficient. The data collected through the questionnaires was were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 based on the significant level with a p-value, 0.05. RESULTS: The results showed that fatigue was caused by work stresses in researchers and quality of life was ranked in a relatively low level. Correlation of work stresses, quality of life and fatigue and work stresses against mental health index was negative and fatigue against physical index was also negative. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to maintain more detailed provisions in order to improve mental health and stress level of researchers. Moreover, systematic, in-depth evaluation should be done to reduce researcher's work-related stress and fatigue. In addition, stress management and prevention program should be implemented for these researchers.
Academies and Institutes ; Fatigue* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Research Personnel

Clear cell sarcoma of kidney(CCSK) is a rare pediatric neoplasm characterized by a predominating component of clear cells, a predilection for metastases to bone, and a poor prognosis. The incidence of CCSK peaks during the 2nd year of life and adult cases are very rare. We report a case of CCSK encountered in the right kidney of a 39-year-old man. Grossly, it was a lobulated mass showing infiltrative margin, measured 7x5.5x5cm and had a homogeneous gray-tan color with a soft, fish-flesh consistency. Microscopically, about half of the tumor revealed the classic pattern of CCSK, having tumor cell cords or nests separated by the characteristic alveolar capillary networks. The tumor cells had clear pale cytoplasm, bland looking round nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli. The other half showed the epithelioid-trabecular pattern forming pseudorosette or cord-like structures. Immunohistochemically, there was only a focal positive reaction to vimentin. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells showed the primitive nephrogenic mesenchymal differentiation such as electron lucent cytoplasm, a small amount of organelles, scanty heterochromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, and a lack of flocculant basal lamina material around the cytoplasmic membrane. We consider that this is a case of CCSK occuring in the oldest patient ever reported, confirmed by both immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis

BACKGROUND: The multifactorial hypothesis is proposed as a working hypothesis which encompass both the genetic and environmental factors known to participate in the etiology of congenital heart anomalies. So, at the moment, it is believed that avoidance of suspected environmental factors in early pregenancy is most certain preventive measure of congenital heart anomalies. This study has been undertaken in order to find the possible environmental risk factors for congenital heart anomalies in Korea. METHOD: A total of 320 mothers of infants with congenital heart anomalies diagnosed at Seoul National University Hospital were included in this study as case group. And 413 mothers of healthy infants, who visited well baby clinic at the hospital during the same period of 2 years from 1987, comprised the control group. Data related to environmental risk factors including drug use during the first trimester of pregnancy, any other confounders were collected by direct interview using questionmaires. RESULT: There were positive associations for lower educational level of mother, indoor smoking habit of father, number of pregnancy, and of experience of previous abortion of mother, and multiple(or twin) birth. Relative risk estimates for the first trimester exposure to anti-emetics and herb medicine were 2.1(p<0.006) and 1.4(p<0.044), respectively. Data showed a positive association between anti-inflammatory drug exposure and congenital anomalies of pulmonary valve(OR=22.7, p<0.01), and between anti-histamine exposure and coarctation of aorata(OR=12.7, p<0.017). CONCLUSION: Environmental factors such as smoking habit of father, certain drugs used in early pregnancy, plays a role in the etiology of congenital heart anomlaies. Further studies, designed to focus on specific drug and to differentiate the effect of the suspected drug and to differentiate the effect of the suspected drug form that of the underlying conditions prompting its use, should be called upon.
Abortion, Induced ; Antiemetics ; Case-Control Studies* ; Fathers ; Female ; Heart* ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea* ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking

Many researchers have found that one of the most important characteristics of the structure of linkage disequilibrium is that the human genome can be divided into non-overlapping block partitions in which only a small number of haplotypes are observed. The location and distribution of haplotype blocks can be seen as a population property influenced by population genetic events such as selection, mutation, recombination and population structure. In this study, we investigate the effects of the density of markers relative to the full set of all polymorphisms in the region on the results of haplotype partitioning for five popular haplotype block partition methods: three methods in Haploview (confidence interval, four gamete test, and solid spine), MIG++ implemented in PLINK 1.9 and S-MIG++. We used several experimental datasets obtained by sampling subsets of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers of chromosome 22 region in the 1000 Genomes Project data and also the HapMap phase 3 data to compare the results of haplotype block partitions by five methods. With decreasing sampling ratio down to 20% of the original SNP markers, the total number of haplotype blocks decreases and the length of haplotype blocks increases for all algorithms. When we examined the marker-independence of the haplotype block locations constructed from the datasets of different density, the results using below 50% of the entire SNP markers were very different from the results using the entire SNP markers. We conclude that the haplotype block construction results should be used and interpreted carefully depending on the selection of markers and the purpose of the study.
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; Dataset ; Genome ; Genome, Human ; Haplotypes* ; HapMap Project ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide* ; Recombination, Genetic

Voltage dependent calcium channels mediate wide variety of physiological functions including neurotransmitter release, neurite outgrowth, and gene expression in neurons. omega-Conotoxin-sensitive N-type calcium channels are exclusively expressed in nervous system and involved in the control of neurotransmitter release from neurons. In this experiment, I have investigated human chromosomal location and rat neuronal distribution of N-type voltage dependent calcium channel alpha1, subunit [alpha1B]. I have localized human alpha1B subunit gene to the long arm of chromosome 9[9q34] by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The distribution of rat alphaB1 subunit mRNA has been examined in the rat brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry and high level of alpha1B subunit mRNA has been observed in olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, cerebral cortex, piriform cortex, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, parabrachial nucleus, and cerebellum and low level of expression was also found in other areas of rat brain.
Animals ; Arm ; Brain* ; Calcium Channels* ; Calcium Channels, N-Type ; Calcium* ; Cerebellum ; Cerebral Cortex ; Dentate Gyrus ; Gene Expression ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Nervous System ; Neurites ; Neurons ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Olfactory Bulb ; Rats ; RNA, Messenger

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the one of the commonly diagnosed female cancer in Korea. Numerous factors have been noted to be associated with risk of breast cancer: body mass index, menarche, menopause, family history, pregnancy and delivery, breastfeeding, alcohol use, smoking habits, diet, education and use of oral contraceptives. Little is known about hair minerals in breast cancer patient and about correlation between hair minerals and body mass index. METHODS: We compared hair mineral analysis data of 37 breast cancer subject with age and body mass index-matched normal control data (N = 144) by cross-sectional analysis. All breast cancer patients were newly diagnosed at one Breast Cancer Center in Ajou University and had their hair cut before anti-cancer chemotherapy, and the normal controls (without breast cancer) also had their hair cut for various reasons in out-patient clinics of the Department of Family Practice and Community Health. RESULTS: Breast cancer patients had low calcium, magnesium, and zinc, whereas they had high arsenic, sodium, and potassium compared with the normal controls. Only hair zinc level had significant negative correlation with body mass index (r = -0.705, P < 0.001) in breast cancer patients, not in normal controls. CONCLUSION: We observed the difference of hair mineral patterns in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients compared to normal controls and the correlation between these minerals and body mass index in breast cancer patient. Especially hair zinc concentration was significantly reduced and had significant negative correlation with body mass index in breast cancer patients.
Arsenic ; Body Mass Index ; Breast ; Breast Feeding ; Breast Neoplasms ; Calcium ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Family Practice ; Female ; Food Habits ; Hair ; Humans ; Korea ; Magnesium ; Menarche ; Menopause ; Minerals ; Outpatients ; Potassium ; Reproductive History ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sodium ; Zinc