The final degrees of education for the third and fourth authors were mutually misplaced.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the etiological factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Numerous evidence has indicated a link between chronic infection with HBV and the development of HCC. Among the four proteins encoded by HBV, Hepatitis B virus X gene(HBx), best characterized as a transcriptional transactivator, gained attention owing to its presumptive role in oncogenesis. Further, HBx has been shown to stimulate signal transduction pathways such as Ras-MAPK pathway, NF-kappaB, and Src kinase. The pleiotropic events caused by HBx may be the key to understanding the HBV-mediated oncogenicity. However, the specific roles of HBx in oncogenesis remain largely elusive. To explore the role of HBx in hepatocarcinogenesis, we examined the deregulation of host genes induced by HBx expression. METHODS: HBx was ectopically expressed in HepG2 cells using a recombinant adenovirus to transiently express HBx. Gene expression profiling of HBx was conducted on cDNA microarrays that contained 1,028 cDNAs. RESULTS: A number of oncogenes and genes that are involved in cell growth, DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and cell motility were deregulated by HBx. CONCLUSIONS: Theses results suggest that HBx regulates transcription in a way that contributes to the proliferation of hepatocytes, a probable early event of HCC.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*virology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; English Abstract ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Viral/*physiology ; Genetic Vectors ; Hepatitis B Antigens/genetics ; Hepatitis B Virus/*genetics ; Human ; Liver Neoplasms/*virology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Trans-Activators/*genetics/physiology

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Seborrheic* ; Lice Infestations*

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Seborrheic* ; Lice Infestations*

No abstract available.
Calcinosis* ; Humans ; Infant*

No abstract available.
Anal Canal* ; Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome*

Mediastinal lymph node dissection is a method that increases the long term survival of patients with an esophageal carcinoma. However, dissection of the left mediastinal lymph node is almost impossible, as it is not easy to see. Herein, a left mediastinal lymph node dissection, with thoracoscopy through a cervical incision wound during minimal invasive esophageal surgery, is reported.
Esophagectomy* ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes* ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive ; Thoracoscopy ; Wounds and Injuries

BACKGROUND: Anesthetics have been suspected of impairing various aspects of the immune function either directly by affecting the function of immunocompetent cells or indirectly by modulating the stress response. Splenocytes play important roles in the cellular host defense against infection. In order to assess the immune modulatory effects of propofol, this study examined the cytotoxic and proliferative effects of propofol on splenocytes. METHODS: Splenocytes, as responders, were isolated from BALB/c mice (n = 10). The cells were pretreated with different propofol concentrations (0micrometer, 30micrometer, 100micrometer, 300micrometer) for 24 hours. The cytotoxic effect was assayed by the NADH dehydrogenase activity and the proliferation was evaluated by the level of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyunridine (BrdU) incorporation during DNA synthesis in the presence or absence of propofol, in addition to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 microgram/ml) for mitogenic stimulation. A cell proliferation enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) system was used, and the stimulation index was calculated in the presence or absence of propofol. RESULTS: The percentage of the NADH dehydrogenase activity was changed by the propofol pretreatment (P < 0.001). LPS stimulation significantly decreased the NADH dehydrogenase activity at 100micrometer and 300micrometer compared with the propofol-added or pretreated cells (P < 0.05). The stimulation index to LPS was lower at concentrations of 100micrometer and 300micrometer than at 30micrometer, and proliferative response of splenocytes were completely abrogated by adding toxic concentrations (100micrometer) of propofol (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Neither cytotoxicity, as defined by the NADH dehydrogenase activity, nor a proliferative effect, as measured by the level of (BrdU) incorporation in the splenocytes, were affected by the clinical concentration of propofol.
Anesthetics ; Animals ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA ; Mice ; NADH Dehydrogenase ; Propofol

Pheochromocytoma (PCC) is a neuroendocrine tumor that mainly arises from the medulla of the adrenal gland. Some PCCs become malignant and metastasize to other organs. For example, it typically involves skeletal system, liver, lung, and regional lymph nodes. However, only a few cases of PCC with brain metastasis have been reported worldwide. We report a case of metastatic brain tumor from PCC in South Korea in 2016. A 52-year-old man presented with headache, dizziness and motor aphasia. He had a medical history of PCC with multi-organ metastasis, previously underwent several operations, and was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Brain MRIs showed a brain tumor on the left parietal lobe. Postoperative pathology confirmed that the metastatic brain tumor derived from malignant PCC. This is the first report PCC with brain metastasis in South Korea.
Adrenal Glands ; Aphasia, Broca ; Brain Neoplasms ; Brain* ; Dizziness ; Drug Therapy ; Headache ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Parietal Lobe ; Pathology ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Radiotherapy

OBJECTIVES: To identify the current status of smartphone usage and to describe the needs for smartphone-based cardiac telerehabilitation of cardiac patients. METHODS: In 2016, a questionnaire survey was conducted in a supervised ambulatory cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program in a university affiliated hospital with the participation of heart failure or heart transplantation patients who were smartphone users. The questionnaire included questions regarding smartphone usage, demands for smartphone-based disease education, and home health monitoring systems. Results were described and analyzed according to principal diagnosis. RESULTS: Ninety-six patients (66% male; mean age, 53 ± 11 years), including 56 heart failure and 40 heart transplantation patients, completed the survey (completion rate, 95%). The median daily smartphone usage time was 120 minutes (interquartile range, 60–300), and the most frequently used smartphone function was text messaging (61.5%). Of the patients, 26% stated that they searched for health-related information using their smartphones more than 1 time per week. The major source of health-related information was Internet browsing (50.0%), and the least sought source was the hospital's website (3.1%). Patients with heart failure expressed significantly higher needs for disease education on treatment plan, home health monitoring of blood pressure, and body weight (χ2 = 5.79, 6.27, 4.50, p < 0.05). Heart transplantation patients expressed a significant need for home health monitoring of body temperature (χ2 = 5.25, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Heart failure and heart transplantation patients show high usage of and interest in mobile health technology. A smartphone-based cardiac telerehabilitation program should be developed based on high demand areas and modified to suit to each principal diagnosis.
Blood Pressure ; Body Temperature ; Body Weight ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Heart Failure ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Mobile Applications ; Needs Assessment ; Rehabilitation ; Smartphone ; Telemedicine ; Telerehabilitation* ; Text Messaging