BACKGROUND: High-frequency jet ventilaion is considered a reliable technique for anesthesia and critical care including respiratory failure but there are adverse reactions such as carbon dioxide retension and dry of respiratory mucosa. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of combined high- frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) and converntional mechanical ventilation (CMV) on the cardiovascular system, arterial blood gases tension and mean airway pressure in 9 Korea mongrel dogs with pulmonary edema induced by oleic acid. METHODS: During CMV with 20 breaths/minute, 10 ml/kg of tidal volume and F1O2 1.0, parameers were evaluated (base line value). When pulmonary edema was developed, HFJV was applied initially with 120 breaths/minute, inspiratory time 30% and driving pressure 40 psi F1O2 1.0 for 60 minutes (control value) and thereafter simultaneous use of CMV was applied with the tidal volume of 10 ml/kg and each respiratory rate 8, 4, 2, 1, 0.5 per minute for 30 minutes. RESULTS: Combined application of HFJV and CMV (above repiratory rate 1 per minute) achieved the improvement of oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination, and Paw was decreased without undesirable effects on cardiovascular system in case of the induced pulmonary edema. CONCUSIONS: From above results we recommanded that HFJV combined with CMV may be a useful method of treatment for respiratory failure.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cardiovascular System ; Critical Care ; Dogs* ; Gases ; High-Frequency Jet Ventilation* ; Korea ; Oleic Acid* ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Edema* ; Respiration, Artificial* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Respiratory Mucosa ; Respiratory Rate ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation

Venous thrombosis is uncommon in young individuals. Hypereosinophilia is a rare cause of thrombosis that usually involves the heart and small vessels like retinal vessels. We report a case of massive deep vein thrombosis that developed in a young patient with hypereosinophilia who was successfully treated with continuous local infusion of urokinase.
Eosinophilia* ; Heart ; Humans ; Retinal Vessels ; Thrombosis ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator* ; Venous Thrombosis*

PURPOSE: In order to evaluate microstructural changes after shock wave exposure, gross, light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic findings were analyzed with rabbit gallgladders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A preliminary study(2 rabbits) was performed to determine the dosage intensity of shock waves needed to inflict damage, using a EDAP LT 01 piezoelectric extracorporeal shock wave Iothotriptor. The gallbladders of three different groups of rabbits were given shock waves of various intensity. A storage value of 100, 50, 25 at rate of 20/sec under 80% power were given to group I (4 rabbits), group II( 4 rabbits), and group III(3 tabits), respectively. The rabbits were sacrified 6--12 hours later. RESULTS: The observed pathologic changes in the transmission electron microscopy were vaculization of cytoplasm and swelling of epithelial cells with dilatation and structural alteration of intracellular organelles, especially endoplasmic reticulum. Cell membrane rupture and necrosis were observed at the markedly affected area. The structural changes of intracellular organelles were minimally found at a storage value of 25. However, above pathologeic changes with dilatation and structural alterations of endoplasmic reticulums were more profund at value of 100. CONCLUSION: Early histologic changes induced by shock waves are dose dependent and the findings of cellular damage caused by ESWL might be explained as above.
Cell Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Dilatation ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Epithelial Cells ; Gallbladder* ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Necrosis ; Organelles ; Rabbits ; Rupture ; Shock*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural* ; Immunoglobulin G*

The treatment of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has not yet been established. Before any intervention is initiated, lifestyle modification with diet and exercise leading to weight loss should be emphasized in overweight women. The recommended first-line treatment for ovulation induction remains clomiphene citrate. If clomiphene citrate use fails to result in ovulation or pregnancy, the recommended second-line intervention is exogenous gonadotropins. The use of exogenous gonadotropins is related to an increased risk for multiple pregnancies, and, therefore, intense ovarian response monitoring is required. Laparoscopic ovarian surgery is an alternative to gonadotropin therapy because this surgery is as effective as gonadotropin in pregnancy rate or live birth rate. However, the surgery may require additional ovulation induction drug and should be performed by well-trained surgeon, its use solely to induce ovulation is unwarranted. Recommended third-line treatment is in vitro fertilization (IVF). IVF reduces the risk of multiple pregnancies by using single-embryo transfer in women with PCOS. The use of metformin alone as first-line infertility therapy or in combination with clomiphene is surrounded by controversies. Aromatase inhibitors appear to be as effective as clomiphene citrate for induction of ovulation, but the drug is currently not approved for treatment of infertility. Further studies should demonstrate the efficacy and long term safety.
Aromatase Inhibitors ; Clomiphene ; Diet ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Infertility ; Life Style ; Live Birth ; Metformin ; Overweight ; Ovulation ; Ovulation Induction ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Weight Loss

IgG4-related systemic disease, including autoimmune pancreatitis, is a multi-organ disorder characterized by elevated serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) concentration and IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration. We report a case of a 66-year-old woman with IgG4-related hearing disorder, presenting with fluctuating mixed hearing loss with middle ear effusion. The serum IgG4 level was elevated and pathological examination revealed dense infiltration of IgG4-positive lymphocyte in the renal parenchyma, lung tissue and lacrimal gland. With intravenous methylprednisolone at a dose of 60 mg daily, improvement of hearing loss were observed. No recurrence was observed for 6 months with mainternance of prednisolone and methotrexate.
Aged ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Female ; Hearing Disorders ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Mixed Conductive-Sensorineural ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Methotrexate ; Methylprednisolone ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; Pancreatitis ; Plasma Cells ; Prednisolone ; Recurrence

IgG4-related systemic disease, including autoimmune pancreatitis, is a multi-organ disorder characterized by elevated serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) concentration and IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration. We report a case of a 66-year-old woman with IgG4-related hearing disorder, presenting with fluctuating mixed hearing loss with middle ear effusion. The serum IgG4 level was elevated and pathological examination revealed dense infiltration of IgG4-positive lymphocyte in the renal parenchyma, lung tissue and lacrimal gland. With intravenous methylprednisolone at a dose of 60 mg daily, improvement of hearing loss were observed. No recurrence was observed for 6 months with mainternance of prednisolone and methotrexate.
Aged ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Female ; Hearing Disorders ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Mixed Conductive-Sensorineural ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Methotrexate ; Methylprednisolone ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; Pancreatitis ; Plasma Cells ; Prednisolone ; Recurrence

Sonography is quite sensitive screening method for th detection of renal mass lesions, but the specificity isrelatively low. Authors analized the sonographic findings of the confirmed 67 cases of renal masses excludingsimple cyst for possible differential points between each other. The results were as follows: 1. Among the 67cases, 44 cases(65.7%) were tumorous lesions and majority were malignant tumors. 2. Iso or hyperechoic lesions arerelatively specific finding suggestive of the tumorous lesions. 83.3% of isoechoic lesions and 85.0% ofhyperechoic lesions were tumor. 3. Tumor echogenecity of the renal cell carcinoma was variable. Of the 23 renalcell carcinomas, 10 were isoechoic, 8 were hypoechoic and 5 were hyperechoic lesions. 4. In hypoechoic lesions,findings of acoustic enhancement and wall echo were suggestive of nontumorous lesion. 5. There was no directcorrelation between echogenecity of the mass and tumor vascularity. 6. IVP findings were not sensitive andnonspecific for renal mass lesions, so ultrasound could be the initial step of diagnostic modality for evaluationof the renal mass.
Acoustics ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Diagnosis ; Mass Screening ; Methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is defined as the presence of amenorrhea for ≥ 4 months accompanied by evidence of two serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the menopausal range in women aged < 40 years. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has been recognized as the most reliable marker of ovarian reserve status, and its serum level is very low or undetectable in women with POI.Here we report two cases of patients who were diagnosed with POI despite high serum AMH levels and preservation of ovarian follicles, as revealed by ultrasound. In addition, we have presented a review of the current literature regarding this condition.