The effect of NDMA after oral administration (17 mg/ml) on the glycoconjugates of lingual von Ebner's gland and mucous gland were investigated with lectin histochemical methods. For lectin histochemical studies, the biotinylated lectins (DBA, PNA, SBA, BSL -1, sWGA, RCA -1, LCA, UEA -1, and ConA) were applied. Lectin binding patterns of glycoconjugates of lingual von Ebner's gland showed the decreased affinity for DBA, PNA, BSL -1 and sWGA in NDMA -treated group compared with control group. The remarkable decrease of binding affinity of NDMA -treated group was observed in PNA for 12 and 24 hours, DBA for 96 hours, BSL -1 for 72 hours, and sWGA for 3 hours, while the striking decrease of BSL -1 and sWGA binding was observed in NDMA -treated group for 12 hours. But these decreases of binding were tended to recover in PNA and sWGA after 72 hours of NDMA treatment, and in DBA after 120 hours. The binding affinity of SBA and RCA -1 was decreased in NDMA -treated group for 3 hours, while the other NDMA -treated group showed an increased affinity. Especially, the increase of SBA binding was remarkable. There was a little change in binding affinity of UEA -1, LCA and Con A in NDMA -treated group. Lectin binding patterns of glycoconjugates of lingual mucous gland showed decreased affinities for SBA, sWGA and UEA -1 in NDMA -treated group. The striking decreases of binding affinity for NDMA -treated group was observed in SBA and sWGA for 3 hours, and UEA -1 for 3 and 24 hours. And the remarkable decreases of binding affinity for NDMA -treated group was found in SBA for 24 and 48 hours, sWGA for 48, 72 and 96 hours, and UEA -1 for 48 hours. These decreases of binding affinity of NDMA -treated group were tended to recover in SBA and UEA -1 after 96 hours and in sWGA after 120 hours. The binding affinity for PNA and ConA showed a little but not remarkable increase in NDMA - treated group, and LCA binding showed a little decrease following a little increase in NDMA - treated group. The affinity of DBA binding was decreased in NDMA -treated group for 12 hours and 24 hours, while the other NDMA -treated group showed an increased affinity. Especially, there was a remarkable increase in NDMA -treated group for 96 hours. From these results, it is suggested that the toxicity of NDMA may be related with the carcinogen of the rat tongue, and glycoconjugates are concerned with the repaire of the destruction of the lingual mucous acini.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Dimethylnitrosamine* ; Glycoconjugates* ; Lectins ; Rats* ; Salivary Glands* ; Strikes, Employee ; Tongue ; von Ebner Glands

In full-thickness defects of the nasal alar rim, to achieve projection and maintain airway patency, cartilage graft is frequently needed. However, cartilage graft presents a challenge in considerations such as appropriate donor site, skeletal shape and size, and healing of the donor area. To avoid these demerits, we tried primary closure of alar rim defects by also making the contralateral normal ala smaller. We treated two patients who had a full-thickness nasal alar defect after tumor excision. Cartilage graft was considered for the reconstruction. However, their alar rims were overly curved and their nostril openings were large. To utilize their nasal shape, we did primary closure of the defect rather than cartilage graft, and then downsized the contralateral nasal ala by means of wedge resection to make the alae symmetric. Both patients were satisfied with their aesthetic results, which showed a smaller nostril and nearly straight alar rims. Moreover, functionally, there was no discomfort during breathing in both patients. We propose our idea as one of the reconstruction options for nasal alar defects. It is a simple and easy-to-perform procedure, in addition to enhancing the nasal contour. This method would be useful for patients with a large nostril and an overly curved alar rim.
Cartilage ; Humans ; Nose Deformities, Acquired ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Respiration ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: There has been no clinical study of skin problems of the amputee in Korea and at Veterans Hospital, we have experienced so many skin problems of amputees. OBJECTIVE: We tried to observe skin problems of amputees and to relate them with sweating, poor hygiene, poor fit of socket, mechanical trauma, and duration of wearing prosthesis. METHODS: 125 extremity amputees who visited the Seoul Veterans Hospital during the period of 5 years from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 1998 were analyzed clinically. RESULTS: The study results are summarized as follows: 1. Among the 125 extremity amputees, the number of male patients was 124(99.2%) and that of female patients was 1(0.8%). The age distribution showed a peak incidence in the 7th decade(30.4%), followed by the 5th decade(28.8%), 6th decade(24.8%), and the mean age was 56.4 years. 2. The most common type of amputation was below the knee amputation(74 cases), the second was above the knee amputation(37 cases). 3. The duration of wearing prosthesis was above 20 years in 88 patients(70.4%), 16-20 years in 15(12%), 11-15 years in 11(8.8%), and 1-5 years in 6(4.8%). 4. The skin problems of the amputees were superficial fungal infection, chronic ulcer, intertriginous dermatitis, callus, corn, verrucous hyperplasia, verruca which were 63 cases(50.4%), 26 cases(20.80%), 17 cases(13.6%), 6 cases(4.8%), 5 cases(4%), 5 cases(4%), 3 cases(2.4%) respectively. 5. The predisposing factors of the dermatoses were mechanical trauma(84 cases) which acted as a cause of the chronic ulcer, intertriginous dermatitis, corn and callus, sweating(80 cases) and poor hygiene(11 cases) as those of superficial fungal infection, and poor fitting(6 cases) as that of verrucous hyperplasia. CONCLUSION: Superficial fungal infection and chronic ulcer were the main skin problems of the amputee. The longer the duration of wearing prosthesis, the more skin problems developed. The mechanical trauma and sweating were the major predisposing factors of stump dermatoses, especially of chronic ulcer and superficial fungal infection. Amputation is only the beginning of a long period of rehabilitation, and the treatment of the patient and the affected skin goes on for the rest of the patient's life. This clinical study suggests that the dermatologist must be concerned of the care of amputee's skin problems.
Age Distribution ; Amputation ; Amputees* ; Bony Callus ; Causality ; Dermatitis ; Extremities ; Female ; Hospitals, Veterans ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Hyperplasia ; Incidence ; Knee ; Korea ; Male ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rehabilitation ; Seoul ; Skin Diseases ; Skin* ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Ulcer ; Warts ; Zea mays

BACKGROUND: Pneumoconiosis is a parenchymal lung disease that results from the accumulation of coal dust in the lungs and the consequent tissue reaction. To evaluate the role of various personal factors in pneumoconosis and the significance of some serologic markers for assessing the disease activity related to pneumoconiosis, the Rheumatoid Factor(RF), α1-AT, C-Reactive Protein(CRT), ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen levels were measured. METHOD: All the patients were males, 45-76 years old, and the mean duration of coal dust exposure was 23.2 years. 51 patients were classified as having Simple Pneumoconiosis (SP), 59 had Progressive Massive Fibrosis (PMF). Fifty eight men with ages ranging from 26-70 years wer used as normal controls. The serum RF and CRT were titrated using an Autochemistry analyzer (HITACHI 7150 : Japan) and the α1-AT and ceruloplasmin levels were measured using a Nephelometer (Behring Nephelometer : Germany) and the fibrinogen levels were estimated by using and Autoanalyzer for hematologic coagulation. RESULT: There was a higher RF level in the SP, and PMF groups than in the control groups but there was no statistical difference. The CRP, α1-AT, and ceruloplasmin levels were also higher in the SP, and PMF groups. However, the fibrinogen concentration was within the normal ranges in both the SP and PMF groups. CONCLUSION: The CWP (Ed note : Define CWP) patients had significantly higher CRP, α1-AT, and ceruloplasmin levels compared to the control group. It is believed that these serologic changes could be used as a marker of the disease activity.
C-Reactive Protein ; Ceruloplasmin ; Coal* ; Dust ; Fibrinogen ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Male ; Pneumoconiosis* ; Reference Values ; Rheumatoid Factor

The suicide rate in Korea has been declining steadily after peaking in 2011. However, to date, time-series analyses of Korean suicide rate data have mainly addressed factors related to increases in suicide rates. This study analyzed one of the most important evidence-based public health strategies to decrease suicide, that is, preventive effects of restricting access to lethal means via a charcoal-selling procedure improvement campaign, using multivariate time series analysis. The results showed the campaign in Gyeonggi Province had a significant effect on decreasing the number of charcoal-burning suicides in this area. It is believed that the present study has important implications in terms of providing the first empirical evidence for the charcoal-selling procedure improvement campaign in Korea. Further repeated research is needed to evaluate the impact of the intervention when the more enough observational data become available.
Burns ; Charcoal ; Gyeonggi-do ; Korea ; Public Health ; Suicide

A case of gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma and choriocarcinoma in the right ovary of a 23-year-old woman is reported. A case of gonadoblastoma without a Y chromosome is very rare. She had a 46XX chromosomes, normal genitalia, no history of menstrual irregularities, thereby differing from the other reproted case. The patient had a normal term pregnancy 2 years after surgery and chemotherapy. It is suggested that gonadoblastoma may occur in functionally and morphologically normal gonads. There have been no signs of recurrence or metastasis for 3 years after the first operation.
Choriocarcinoma* ; Drug Therapy ; Dysgerminoma* ; Female ; Genitalia ; Gonadoblastoma* ; Gonads ; Humans ; Karyotype* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovary* ; Pregnancy ; Recurrence ; Y Chromosome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To identified whether serum Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) level may be used as a predictive marker of menopausal transition. METHODS: Serum MIS level was measured in reproductive women (n=87), in menopausal transition women (n=58), and in menopausal women (n=5) by ELISA. And we examined the immunohistochemical staining of the MIS in the ovarian tissues of 15 reproductive, 15 menopausal transition, and 5 menopausal women. RESULTS: 1. In the reproductive women, mean serum MIS level was 1.73+/-1.07 ng/ml. In the menopausal transition women, mean serum MIS level was 0.18+/-0.11 ng/ml. Serum MIS level did not show any significant fluctuation patterns according to follicular development. In menopausal transition women, serum MIS level was significantly lower than that of reproductive women (P<0.001). The cutoff value of serum MIS level for menopausal transition was 0.5 ng/mg. In the menopausal women, serum MIS level was not detected. 2. Serum MIS level was significantly decreased as patient age was increased. 3. In the reproductive group, the immunohistochemical staining demonstrated strong expression of MIS in the granulosa cells of the primary follicles and the growing follicles, but not in corpus luteum, preovulatory mature follicle, atretic follicle, and corpus luteum. In the menopausal transition women, immunohistochemical staining for MIS was observed in the nearly same pattern as that of thereproductive women, but with weaker expression. In the menopausal women, immunohistochemical staining of the MIS was not observed. CONCLUSION: MIS is a good candidate for predictive marker for ovarian aging and perimenopausal transition.
Aging ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone* ; Corpus Luteum ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Granulosa Cells ; Humans ; Ovarian Follicle

PURPOSE: To describe the MR imaging findings of traumatic spinal subdural hematoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the MR images of six patients, with symptoms of acute spinal cord or cauda equena compression after trauma, together with spinal subdural hematoma. We analysed the extent, location, configuration and signal intensity of the lesions. RESULTS: In five of six cases, hematomas were distributed extensively throughout the thoracolumbosacral or lumbosacral spinal levels. In five cases they were located in the dorsal portion of the thecal sac, and in one case, in the ventral portion. On axial images, hematomas showed a concave or convex contour, depending on the amount of loculated hematoma. A lobulated appearance was due to limitation of free extension of the hematoma within the subdural space at the lateral sites (nerve root exist zone) at whole spine levels, and at the posteromedian site under lumbar 4-5 levels. CONCLUSION: In cases of spinal subdural hematoma, the lobulated appearance of hematoma loculation in the subdural space that bounds the lateral sites at all spinal levels and at the posteromedian site under L4-5 levels is a characteristic finding.
Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Spinal* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord ; Spine ; Subdural Space

This study was conducted to investigate the association of the occurrence of pediatric disease with environmental, seasonal and atmospheric factors. The data were collected at 5 pediatric clinics in Seoul and the Department of Pediatrics of Yongin Severance Hospital from May 1986 to April 1987. The results were as follows: 1. Vacation periods had a great influence upon the occurrence of pediatric diseases. 2. The majority of pediatric diseases occurred mainly in spring and autumn, not in summer and winter. 3. The higher the average relative humidity was, the less diseases occurred; and the higher the maximum change of daily temperature, the more diseases occurred. 4. In summer, the pattern of diseases varied along with the environmental factors(eg., toilet).
Gyeonggi-do ; Humidity ; Pediatrics ; Seasons* ; Seoul

Assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of oxygen therapy is a matter of clinical evaluation and blood gas measurement as long as the administration of oxygen is consistent and predictable. Normal variances in the distribution of ventilation and pulmonary blood flow make the measurement of alveolar oxygen concentrations impratical and complex. To certify the relationship between the fractional inspired oxygen concentration (F1O2) and arterial oxygen tension(PaO2), we performed the blood gas analysis of the anesthetized surgical patients whose inspired oxygen concentrations were 20 to 100% (compressed medical-O2). This paper reports our findings and a discussion of their possible significance. Results were as follows ; 1) There were no differences in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure in the range of 0.2 to 1.0 of F1O2. 2) There was no clinically significant difference in heart rate from 0.2 to 1.0 of F. 3) In the arterial blood gas analysis, PaCO2 and pHa revealed normal value from F1O2 0.2 to 1.0 but PaO2 progressively increased significantly. Patients didn,t reveal arterial hypoxemia and acid-base imbalance from 0.2 to 1.0 of F1O2.
Acid-Base Imbalance ; Anoxia ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Gases* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Reference Values ; Ventilation