PURPOSE: This research aimed to investigate the effects of a cognitive rehearsal program (CRP) on workplace bullying among nurses. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was performed. Participants were 40 nurses working in different university hospitals in B city, South Korea. The experimental group was provided with a 20-hour CRP comprising scenarios on bullying situations, standard communication, and role-playing. To evaluate effects of the CRP, we measured interpersonal relationships, workplace bullying, symptom experience, and turnover intention at preand post-intervention. Follow-up effect was measured in the experimental group only at 4 weeks after the intervention. RESULTS: After the intervention, there were significant differences in interpersonal relationships (F=6.21, p=.022) and turnover intention (F=5.55, p=.024) between experimental and wait-list groups. However, there was no significant difference in workplace bullying or symptom experience between the 2 groups. The beneficial effects on interpersonal relationships and turnover intention lasted at least up to 4 weeks after CRP. CONCLUSION: The CRP for workplace bullying improves interpersonal relationships and decreases turnover intention. So it can be utilized as one of the personal coping strategies to reduce the the turnover among nurses. Further studies on the effects of unit- or hospital-based CRP and on the long-term effects of CRP are necessary.
Bullying* ; Cognitive Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Intention* ; Korea ; Role Playing

PURPOSE: This study was purposed to survey pain, efficacy, and comfort during the first stage of labor and to identify correlations among them. METHOD: The subjects were 116 laboring women who were admitted to a baby-friendly hospital recommended by UNICEF for breast feeding. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire composed of labor pain, labor efficacy, and labor comfort with 10 cm visual analog scale respectively. The data were analyzed by frequency, Pearson's correlation, and ANOVA. RESULT: Labor pain, labor efficacy, and labor comfort in latent phase were positive correlation with them in active phase. The more pain, the less labor efficacy and the less comfort in latent phase. and the more pain, the less comfort in active phase. Labor efficacy was positively correlated with labor comfort in both phase. Lastly, women supported by their husbands had significantly higher labor pain than women supported by their mothers. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that nurses develop a labor efficacy program for pregnant women and their mothers or spouses.
Breast Feeding ; Female ; Humans ; Labor Pain ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Spouses ; United Nations ; Visual Analog Scale

Aneurysms of the ascending aorta are relatively uncommon disorders which are located in ascending portion of the thoracic aorta. The commenest cause of aneurysms of the ascending aorta is arteriosclerosis, but syphilis, marfan syndrome, cystic medial necrosis, trauma, and aging of the aorta must also be noted as causes. We report a case with a aneurysm of the ascending aorta, 23 years old female, who was performed the open heart surgery because of ventricular septal defect with aortic insufficiency about 10 years ago.
Aging ; Aneurysm* ; Aorta* ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Arteriosclerosis ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart* ; Humans ; Marfan Syndrome ; Necrosis ; Syphilis ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Young Adult

This study was done to explore the effect of Korean women's salt usage behavior on their sodium intake and excretion according to aging. Dietary sodium intake and salt usage behavior were analyzed to compare the difference between young and middle-aged women. One hundred fifty six young women and 77 middle-aged women without hypertension or any current medication were recruited. Body mass index, waist hip ratio, blood pressure were measured from each subject. Salt usage behaviors were surveyed with questionnaire, sodium intake with 24-hr recall method, and sodium excretion with spot urine. Middle-aged women were more obese than young women according to body mass index and waist hip ratio. Blood pressure was significantly higher for the middle-aged. Young women consumed more fats and middle-aged women more carbohydrates. Middle-aged women consumed more sodium and potassium, and excreted more sodium. Among questionnaire items, kimchi, soup or pot stew, or salted vegetables were found to be related with high sodium diet. Salted vegetables and salted nuts and potato chips were significantly correlated with young women's high sodium diet, while soy sauce on fried food, kimchi, salted vegetables accounted for middle-aged women's high sodium diet. With these results, we concluded that middle-aged women consumed more carbohydrates, less fat, and more sodium and potassium than young women. Middle-aged women frequently choose kimchi, soup or pot stew, or salted vegetables, and they contribute to high sodium intake. We recommend to choose low-salt kimchi, less soup or pot stew, and more fresh vegetables for lower sodium diet.
Aging ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Carbohydrates ; Diet ; Fats ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Nuts ; Potassium ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sodium ; Sodium, Dietary ; Solanum tuberosum ; Soy Foods ; Vegetables ; Waist-Hip Ratio

PURPOSE: Over the past several decades, the survival rates of low birth weight(LBW; birth weight <2,500 g) infants have been improving. Many of these infants have had bronchial asthma(BA) at childhood and aldolescence. The aim of this study is to investigate whether LBW influenced the severity of BA in prealdolescent children and aldolescence by a retrospective case control study. METHODS: 15 LBW children(1,500 g Adolescent ; Asthma* ; Birth Weight ; Case-Control Studies ; Child* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Methacholine Chloride ; Parturition ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was done to identify the nursing care needs of patients in the recovery room. METHOD: The subjects in this study were 127 patients in a recovery room between 6/9/2001 and 24/9/2001. The instrument used for this study was the descriptive questionnaire developed by Shin Hyun-Jin (1999). The data was analysed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and factor analysis using the SPSS program. RESULT: 1) Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sample appropriateness was 0.799 and Bartlett's test of sphericity significant probability was 0.000. 2) The mean score for nursing care need of patients in the recovery room was 4.17+/-.51 of a total possible score of 5. The score of nursing need for different parameters was as follows: Educational need (4.31+/-.49), physical need (4.27+/-.47), emotional need (4.11+/-.52), environmental need (3.99+/-.56). 3) Differences in the needs for nursing care according to the demographics were significant for gender, marital status, operation experience, and departments consulted. General characteristic variables significantly related to nursing need were as follows: Physical need significantly related to the departments consulted (F=2.23, p=.036). Educational need significantly related to the marital status (F=2.55, P=.012), departments consulted (F=2.30, p=.031). Emotional need significantly related to the marital status (F=2.22, p=.028). Environmental need significantly related to the gender (t=-2.44, p=.016), marital status (F=2.01, p=.046), operation experience (t=-1.99, p=.048). CONCLUSION: Nursing care needs of patients in the recovery room are significantly related to educational need, physical need, emotional need and environmental need. Intervention plans and program need to be developed to improve strategies to meet nursing needs of patients in the recovery room.
Demography ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Nursing Care ; Nursing* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Recovery Room*

No abstract available.
Humans*

Acute gastric anisakiasis is occurred when men intake a raw or inadequate cooked anisakis infected fish. The clinical symptoms are severe cramping abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric fulling sensation. It is well known that the whale is final host and man is opportunistic host. Recently, we experienced three cases of acute gastric anisakiasis. We think that acute gastric anisakiasis is probably rather undetected than rare disease. So through immediate gastrofiberscopy of patients with severe cramping epigstric pain occuring after ingestion of raw fish,we can find more cases of the anisakis larvae. In is adequate to abstract of larvae by biopsy forceps through gastrofiberscopy.
Abdominal Pain ; Anisakiasis ; Anisakis* ; Biopsy ; Eating ; Humans ; Larva ; Male ; Muscle Cramp ; Nausea ; Rare Diseases ; Sensation ; Surgical Instruments ; Vomiting ; Whales

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency still remains the most common single nutrient deficiency disorder in the world, especially among young children and adolescent girls. As little is recently known about iron deficiency in infants and preschool children in Korea, this study is aimed to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency in healthy population and to determine the proportion of children in whom iron deficiency goes undetected using the current screening technique. METHODS: We collected venous samples from 410 apparently healthy preschool children during March to June, 1997, as a part of a regular health check-up program. We measured hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume(MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), serum ferritin, serum iron, and total iron binding capacity(TIBC). RESULTS: A total of 410 infants and preschool children aged 1~6 years were included in this study. The prevalence of anemia was 7.9%(3/38) in infants and children aged 1~2 years, 6.3%(12/190) in 3~4 years and 1.6%(3/182) in 5~6 years. The prevalence of iron deficiency(ferritin <10 ng/mL or transferrin saturation <10%) was 31.6%(12/38) in 1~2 years, 23.7%(45/190) in 3~4 years and 14.3%(26/182) in 5~6 years. The prevalence of IDA was 5.3% (2/38) in 1~2 years, 1.1% (2/190) in 3~4 years and 0.5%(1/182) in 5~6 years. Microcytic anemia was found in only 2 cases, both of which is included in 1~2 years of age. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of iron deficiency and IDA was relatively high in 1~2 years of age, critical period for neurologic development. Nutritional education including iron fortification for mothers having caring babies especially of this age group should be warranted.
Adolescent ; Anemia ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Critical Period (Psychology) ; Education ; Female ; Ferritins ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Infant ; Iron* ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Mothers ; Prevalence* ; Transferrin

PURPOSE: To report a case of malignant glaucoma in an eye vitrectomized 5 years previously due to endophthalmitis. CASE SUMMARY: A 55-year-old male visited clinic due to a painful right eye 2 days in duration. Five years ago, he suffered endophthalmitis in his right eye and underwent pars plana vitrectomy. On slit-lamp examination, shallow anterior chamber depth of 2 central corneal thickness and corneal edema were observed along with remnant cortical lens material behind the intraocular lens. Intraocular pressure was 68 mm Hg measured using applanation tonometry. Maximal medical treatment failed to lower the intraocular pressure on the first day of visit. The very next day, anterior chamber became shallower less than 0.5 central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure was 70 mm Hg. Posterior capsular syndrome was suspected on anterior optical coherence tomography and neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser posterior capsulotomy was performed, however, normal anterior chamber could not be restored. Despite continuous medical therapy for 3 weeks, the patient's symptoms worsened and intraocular pressure increased over 99 mm Hg and therefore, the Ahmed glaucoma valve was implanted. One day after the operation, intraocular pressure decreased to 10 mm Hg and anterior chamber depth became deeper with the depth of over 5 central corneal thickness. At the final visit 4 months postoperatively, intraocular pressure and normal anatomy of the anterior segment were well maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Malignant glaucoma syndrome can occur even in vitrectomized eyes and capsular block syndrome can initiate this. Malignant glaucoma syndrome in a vitrectomized eye resistant to maximal medical treatment can be treated with Ahmed valve implantation.
Anterior Chamber ; Corneal Edema ; Endophthalmitis ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Male ; Manometry ; Middle Aged ; Posterior Capsulotomy ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Vitrectomy