Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)is a kind of widespread human pathogen in the world. The emergence of HIVs resulted from multiple transmissions and diversification of SIV from nonhuman primates to humans. In this paper, the findings on the transmission of immunodeficiency virus from Chimpanzees to humans and the adaptive evolution in the new host are reviewed, and the significance for science and public health is discussed.

Objective To report the presentation,clinical course and prognosis of intracranial hypertension (IH) with essential thrombocythemia (ET).Methods Retrospective data analysis was conducted.Seven cases of IH with ET were reviewed between January 2010 and December 2016.The clinical features,and the relationship between IH and ET were analyzed.Results IH complicated with ET was more common among young and middle-aged women.Sub acute or chronic course was more common.IH was easily misdiagnosed as optic neuritis in the early stage.The median platelet count of seven patients was 559 × 109/L.Paroxysmal black haze (four cases) was the most common of the first symptom.The head MRI showed empty sella in six cases.CT venography/DSA showed venous sinus thrombosis in three cases.All the patients were given intracranial pressure lowering and other symptomatic treatment.Five cases were treated with anti ET.Results showed remission in six cases and death in one case.Conclusions In the early stage IH was often misdiagnosed.Female was more common than male in IH with ET.Dural sinus blockage was common.In addition to symptomatic treatment such as lowering intracranial pressure,the patients should also be treated with anti ET.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in China. MethodsThe reported articles about clinical analysis of patients with PBC in China were searched. The quality of included studies was critically evaluated. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 4.2 software about controlled trials. Results① Ninety-one literatures including 2315 patients wuth PBC were included. ②The common symptoms in PBC were fatigue (54.54％). AMA was found in 74.1％～100％ of patients with PBC, as well as the prevalence rate of anti-M2 range from 45％ to 83％. ANA antibodies present in 20％～83.78％ of patients, the most common antinuclear patterns were nuclear-envelope(38.65％).Increased levels of IgM [(2.8±0.7)～(7.3±5.1) g/L], IgG [(16.5±4.9)～(20.5±5.9) g/L] were found in these patients, and the most common liver histologic classification was type Ⅱ (36.6％). Sjogren's syndrome occured significantly more frequently in PBC (1.96％～34.61％). To the end of follow-up period (five months to nintysix months ), 3.80％ of patients were dead. ③ Meta-analysis performed in several case control studies, showed no significant differences was found in liver tests including of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotrans ferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), or gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), IgG levels between AMA positive groups and AMA negative groups. However, lower levels of IgM presented in the latter. While it also showed that levels of ALP decreased after ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)therapy. The levels of TBil were lower in the elderly than in younger group, but the mortality ratio for liver diseases was higher in the former. ConclusionThe clinical characteristics of the present series in China are mostly similar to those reported in other countries. Because of the low quality and the small number of included studies, larger sample-size, randomized, double-blinded controlled trials are needed.

Humans ; Podocytes ; physiology ; Proteinuria ; physiopathology

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Terminology as Topic ; Translating

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of a drug pair of Radix Astragali and Rehmanniae Radix combined with glucocorticoid (GC) in treating lupus nephritis (LN) patients and its influence on some experimental indices.

METHODSTotally 52 LN patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group (treated by routine Western medicine and a drug pair of Radix Astragali and Rehmanniae Radix, 25 cases) and the control group (treated by Western medicine, mainly by GC and cyclophosphamide, 27 cases). All patients received 6-month therapy. The GC dosage, the withdrawal and reduction dosage of GC, clinical efficacy, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score, adverse reactions, and laboratory indicators were recorded.

RESULTS(1) All patients got relieved to some degree with the dosage of GC reduced. The total withdrawal and reduction dosage of GC was slightly higher in the treatment group than in the control group [(50.23 +/- 12.43) mg vs (48.76 +/- 13.61) mg, P > 0.05]. Besides, the prednisone dosage in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group, but without statistical difference (P > 0.05). The ratio of patients in need of adding prednisone for aggravating disease was 24.0%, significantly lower than that in the control group (44.44%, P < 0.05). (2) There was no statistical difference in the SLEDAI score, inflammatory indicators, liver and renal functions, blood electrolytes, blood glucose, blood and urine routines between the two groups (P > 0.05). The 24-h urinary protein count was (1.06 +/- 0.22) g/L in the treatment group, obviously lower than that in the control group (1.43 +/- 0.55 g/L, P < 0.05). (3) There was no statistical difference in the incidence rate of infection, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, psychoneuroses, Cushing's syndrome, cardiovascular anomalies, and femoral head necrosis between the two groups (P > 0.05). But the incidence of adverse reactions such as insomnia, tidal fever, spontaneous sweat, and obesity was less in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSUsing a drug pair of Radix Astragali and Rehmanniae Radix combined with GC in treating LN could withdraw the dosage of GC and relieve symptoms it induced. It was advantageous in reducing the dosage of GC and stabilizing patients' conditions.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lupus Nephritis ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To study the value of upbuilding heartcare network in metabolic syndrome.Methods Body mass index,waist and breech circumference,waist hip ratio,blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose,lipid profile, plasma insulin,and urine albumin were determined.Various risk factors were assessed and intervention measures were made.Results Various risk factors in metabolic syndrome were decreased after treatment intervention for 3,6 months,1 and 2 years.Conclusion Taking integrated intervention measures with heartcarc network was significant for hygiene.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that the basement membrane matrix can induced the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels, but there is a wide gap between its mechanical properties and practical application, and further research is needed. OBJECTIVE:To prepare a suitable matrigel/chitosan scaffold that has appropriate mechanical properties and remarkable bioactivity for cartilage repair. METHODS: We selected genipin as cross-linking agent, and mixed Matrigel with cross-linked chitosan at different ratios (2:1, 1:1, 1:3). Then rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were seeded on different scaffolds and cultured for 14 days. The mechanical properties of materials were measured by DMA. Cel counting kit-8, FDA staining, ELISA kits and Alcian blue staining were used to measure the bioactivity of materials. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The storage modulus of scaffolds was raised from 0.48 kPa to 1.78 kPa with increase ratio of chitosan. Cels spread wel in the early period on al scaffolds, and then the cels on the chitosan scaffold showed reduced chondrogenic activity, but cels on the scaffolds with matrigel could maintain chondrogenic differentiation. The matrigel/chitosan scaffold at a ratio of 1:1 had appropriate mechanical properties and higher levels of colagen II and colagen X at 14 days. The prepared matrigel/chitosan scaffold with decent mechanical performance can promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels into chondrogenic lineages, which can be used in cartilage tissue engineering.

AIM: To investigate the effect of rigid contact lens in the treatment after pterygium excision and limbal stem cell transplantation in senile patients.METHODS: Totally 90 elderly patients diagnosed as unilateral pterygium in our hospital from March 2015 to March 2016 were selected and divided into two groups, observation group and control group, 45 case with 45 eyes in each group.Observation group was treated with limbal stem cell transplantation and rigid contact lens.Control group was treated with limbal stem cell transplantation only.The following indicators were observed and compared: corneal healing time, visual analogue score(VAS) at 1, 3, 5 and 7d after surgery and the recurrence rate of pterygium.RESULTS: The score on corneal irritation of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05).Control group took more time on corneal healing than observation group (P<0.05).VAS of control group were higher than that of the observation group at 1 and 2d after treatment with significant difference (P<0.05).The recurrence rates of pterygium were not statistically significant between the two groups (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Autologous corneal stem cell transplantation combined with rigid contact lens for pterygium in elderly patients is effective with shorter healing time and less pain, and it does not increase the recurrence rate.

AIM: To analyze and summarize the effect of glaucoma trabeculectomy in the department of ophthalmology in basic hospital.
METHODS: Postoperative intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , filtering bleb and complications of 316 cases (405 eyes) of patients with glaucoma after trabeculectomy were analyzed.
RESULTS: After follow- up 12mo, 76. 5% IOP was controlled in normal level. 42. 5% was filtration bleb typeⅠ, 33. 1% typeII, 14. 6% in typeⅢand 9. 9% in typeⅣ. Intraoperative complication rate was 2. 5%, that was 31.4% at postoperative early stage ( before discharge ) , and 6. 7% at postoperative long - term ( 6mo after discharge) .
CONCLUSION:Trabeculectomy for glaucoma can better solve the problem of high IOP. It is more mature in primary hospitals, but there are still a variety of intraoperative and postoperative complications.