No abstract available.
Apoptosis* ; Cell Line* ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms* ; Etoposide*

We analyzed the occurrence of enteric viruses and bacteria at 22 places of drinkable groundwater (civil defense emergency water-supply facility), 8 places of the groundwater used for drinking water in group food services, and 10 places of spring-water. When the 40 concentrated samples were analyzed using nested RT-PCR and real-time RT PCR methods, norovirus and other enteric viruses were not detected in all samples tested. The detection percentages for total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica of fecal indicator were 57.5%, 22.5% and 7.5%, respectively. Colipages were not detected. These results suggest that high levels of fecal indicator bacteria in groundwater and spring-water are not directly related to occurrence of enteric viruses.
Bacteria ; Drinking Water ; Emergencies ; Escherichia coli ; Food Services ; Groundwater ; Norovirus ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Yersinia enterocolitica

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: A tenderness of the dentin after tapering of teeth for dental prosthesis is a common phenomenon. In practice, the alternative desensitizer may be used for minor pain after tapering of teeth. PURPOSE: In this study, the desensitizers were used to investigate the affect decreasing of shear bond strength according to the use of various cement, such as resin, Glass Ionomer, and phosphate cement. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Three different desensitizers were used on this study. Compositions of two dentin desensitizers were HEMA(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) and glutaraldehyde. The other one is oxalic acid. Three dentin desensitizers applied on 12 degrees taper teeth. Then, Ni-Cr crowns were bonded with Resin cement, Zinc Phosphate (ZPC) cement and Glass Ionomer (GIC) cement. 120 human premolar teeth were used for specimens. The specimens were divided into four group as the reference and the empirical each with thirty specimens, then further divided into 12 group according to type of desensitizers and cement types. The shear bond strength were measured by Instron multi task instrument. RESULTS: According to the result, the measured shear bond strength in order from the weakest to the strongest in general was ZPC, Resin, and GIC. And it is found that the application of desensitizers on dentin surface does not affect the shear bond strength. CONCLUSION: Dentin desensitizers that alleviate or prevent a dentin tenderness, usually contains HEMA and glutaraldehyde compounds. Such desensitizers are widely used in clinical studies. By applying the dentin desensitizer on the exposed dentin surface, the dentin capillary are blocked and periodontal membrane and cementum can not be drawn in pulp cavity. Since HEMA and glutaraldehyde may cause harm to the pulp cavity, an alternative desensitizer was developed.
Bicuspid ; Capillaries ; Crowns ; Dental Cements* ; Dental Cementum ; Dental Prosthesis ; Dentin* ; Glass ; Glutaral ; Humans ; Membranes ; Oxalic Acid ; Resin Cements ; Tooth ; Zinc

Astrocytes primarily maintain physiological brain homeostasis. However, under various pathological conditions, they can undergo morphological, transcriptomic, and functional transformations, collectively referred to as reactive astrogliosis.Recent studies have accumulated lines of evidence that reactive astrogliosis plays a crucial role in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In particular, monoamine oxidase B, a mitochondrial enzyme mainly expressed in astrocytes, significantly contributes to neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration in AD brains. Moreover, it has been reported that reactive astrogliosis precedes other pathological hallmarks such as amyloid-beta plaque deposition and tau tangle formation in AD.Due to the early onset and profound impact of reactive astrocytes on pathology, there have been extensive efforts in the past decade to visualize these cells in the brains of AD patients using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In this review, we summarize the recent studies regarding the essential pathological importance of reactive astrocytes in AD and their application as a target for PET imaging.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between oral health behaviors of workers by examining the oral health awareness and the need for oral health education. METHODS: After the institutional review board approval, we surveyed industrial workers in Seoul, Gwangju, Changwon, and Goksung, in Korea, from July 19 to August 29, 2016. The final questionnaires (287 in total) were assessed using the SPSS 24.0 software for Windows (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA). The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, average, standard deviation, t-test, and the Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Through the response of “yes” for the question, “oral health education experience,” we can see the respondents have high level of interest (P<0.001). And through the response of “yes” for the question, “Periodic oral Examination” and “regular scaling” and “oral care product use” we can see the respondents have high level of interest (P<0.001) and high importance (P<0.001), there was a statistically significant difference. On analyzing the correlations between workers, there was positive correlation oral health ‘Interest’ and ‘Importance’ (r=0.598, P<0.001). Of the 287 participants, 80.1% indicated that they did not receive any previous oral health education, while 85.4% indicated a willingness to attend oral health education programs in the future. Of the 80.1% of participants with no prior oral health education, 60.0% indicated lack of oral health education because of few opportunities to participate in such programs. They most prefer “Oral Hygiene Management” 64.8% for education contents and choose “Direct-education by inviting Expert” as the best education method 75.6%. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to develop oral health education programs suitable for the industrial field characteristics for people in workplace, and to enhance and expand oral health education services in the workplace in order to maintain interest in oral health.
Education* ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Gwangju ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Health Education ; Hygiene ; Korea ; Methods ; Oral Health* ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small non-coding RNAs (EBERs) are abundantly expressed in various EBV-associated malignancies, and play critical roles in cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis resistance. However, the mechanism how EBERs regulate cell function awaits further clarification. In this study, we investigated the effect of EBERs on the expression of cellular microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression. To test the effect of EBERs while unaffected by other EBV genes, we used EBERs-deleted recombinant EBV infected Burkitt's lymphoma cell line (Akata(+)EBERs(-)) as well as EBV-infected (Akata(+)) and EBV uninfected (Akata(-)) cell lines. They all have the same genetic backgrounds. First, 15 different cellular miRNAs which have reverse complementary sequences to EBERs and have reported targets were selected by bioinformatics analysis. When RT-PCR was carried out for the 16 miRNAs using RNAs from Akata(+), Akata(-), and Akata(+)EBERs(-) cells, hsa-miR-7-5p was the only one showing down-regulated expression in Akata(+) than in Akata(-) and Akata(+)EBERs(-) cells. Bioinformatics and mRNA microarray analyses for Akata(+), Akata(-), and Akata(+)EBERs(-) cell lines were then carried out to predict putative targets of hsa-miR-7-5p. Among the 6 predicted targets of hsa-miR-7-5p, only low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) was up-regulated in EBERs-expressing cells when tested by RT-PCR and Western blot. However, luciferase reporter assay showed that the 3'-UTR of LRP6 was not directly targeted by hsa-miR-7-5p. Our data suggest that both hsa-miR-7-5p and LRP6 are regulated by EBERs in Akata cells, and these genes may partly mediate the tumorigenic function of EBERs in Burkitt's lymphoma.
Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Burkitt Lymphoma* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Line* ; Cell Proliferation ; Computational Biology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6 ; Luciferases ; MicroRNAs ; RNA* ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Untranslated

It is known that there appear some nonspecific and delicate changes in neuropsychiatric aspect on the workers when they are exposed for a long period to low concentrated organic solvents in the work places. Therefore, it give rise to the necessity of developing a program for the health supervisor stationed in the work place to supervise these neurobehavioral health affection. In addition to the questionnaire posed to the workers exposed to organic solvents, the study team conducted NCTB(Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery) respectively on an exposed group and a non-exposed group to organic solvents. The study team compared the results and decided whether or not to apply the results to the evaluation program of health affection. The study team divided 132 workers in 6 car repairing factories and 2 textile printing factories into exposed group and non-exposed group, pairing them off into 66 research objects according to their age, sex, and job. Neurobehavioral test was conducted on 6 items, except the POMS test, of NCTB developed by the World Health 0rganization (WHO) . The study team conducted examinations of working environment on the exposed and non-exposed groups of each work place. The analysis of the collected materials for examinations were conducted with GC-MS. The concentration of the mix-ture in the air, relative to their respective threshold limit values (TLV) was calculated according to the formula of the ACGIH and the Korean threshold limits. The results indicated that for two of eight factories samples the recommended concentration limits for mixtures was exceeded. Of the six tests, the'digit span forward','digit span backward'and'digit symbol' produced conspicuous statistical differences between the two groups (p<0.1) as a result of compairing the test values by means of paired t-test. The results of respective analysis of the car repairing factories and textile printing factories revealed that the textile printing factories had greater differences between the exposed and the non-exposed than in the car repairing factories. It is presumably because the textile printing workers are continuously exposed to the organic solvents during working hours, whereas the car repairing workers are exposed only when they are doing painting works. The NCTB is assessed very useful in examining the neurobehavioral health affection under the exposure to organic solvents, and, therefore, the study team expects that the NCTB will play an important part in the course of developing a health program for the workers exposed to organic solvents.
Paint ; Paintings ; Questionnaires ; Solvents* ; Textiles ; Threshold Limit Values ; Workplace ; World Health

Group occupational health service programme started in 1990 is one of the measures to cope with limited human and financial resources in occupational health. The programme has expanded rapidly to include 52 institutions, private as well as public, all over the country. In spite of its potential impact on health of employees and practice of occupational health in small and medium sized industries, comprehensive evaluation in terms of quality has not been tried. This study has aims to develop the criteria to assess the quality of newly developed group occupational health service programme, and to investigate the quality of institutions, and finally to develop policies for the quality improvement. 1) Criteria development : By defining occupational health services, in particular for small and medium sized industries, as one of the primary health care, followings are included as core elements of qualitative occupational health programme ; accessibility, continuity, comprehensiveness, technical quality, intersectoral collaboration, emphasis on preventive services, community participation, and adequacy. Again each element is divided into five major components of national health system infrastructure developed by the World Health Organization ; development of health resources, organized arrangement of resources, delivery of health care, economic support, and management. In turn, each component is categorized into three aspects of quality assessment, structure, process and outcome. Expert panel selected several criteria for each category to evaluate the programme. Criteria were modified according to each group of interviewees, to produce two sets of questionnaire, one for chief operating officer and another for nurses in the institutions, and the chief operating officer and workers in the workplace. 2) Subject : Of all 52 institutions, 25 voluntarily participated in the survey. At individual institution, chief operating officer and practicing nurses were interviewed in depth. After intensive education for interviewees, every interview was performed with standardized guideline and questionnaire. The quality of the 'Group occupational health service programme' was found to be lower than expected. Especially In continuity, comprehensiveness, technical quality, community participation and adequacy, lower quality in structural aspect was commonly identified throughout all the institutions. Quality in terms of accessibility and continuity highly varied among institutions. To improve quality of the programme, more comprehensive and systematic programme such as accreditation has to be introduced. In addition, human resources, governmental fund and information systems for individual workers are to be developed. As a long range plan, integration of occupational health services into the national health systems and pooling of financial resources and planned allocation should be considered.
Accreditation ; Consumer Participation ; Cooperative Behavior ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Financial Management ; Health Resources ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Korea* ; Occupational Health Services* ; Occupational Health* ; Primary Health Care ; Quality Improvement ; Questionnaires ; Social Welfare ; World Health Organization

BACKGROUND: Histological analysis of tuberculosis shows a spectrum of findings, from well formed granulmatous inflammation with few bacilli in patient with normal immune response to M. tuberculosis to poorly formed granulomatous inflammation with many bacilli in patient with defective immune response. To evaluate the degree of immune response to M. tuberculosis, we studied the histologic features, including the presence of acid fast bacilli(AFB) in lymph node of patients with cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis, and compared them with clinical characteristics. METHODS: We reviewed the histologic features of 33 cases of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis and processed the excised nodes for auramine-rhodamine staining to detect AFB. The AFB positivity in tissue was compared with the histologic features(degree of granuloma formation, presence of caseation necrosis, presence of neutrophilic infiltration) and clinical characteristics (lymph node size, duration of symptom, presence of local symptom or radiologic evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis). RESULTS: 1) The mean age at diagnosis was 42.4 years, and male to female ratio was 1 : 45. 2) Histologically, all cases showed well formed granuloma and variable degrees of caseation necrosis, and 39% of the cases showed neutrophilic infiltration in the granulomatous inflammation. 3) AFB were confirmed in 52% of the cases, and they were found extracellularly and at the periphery of caseation necrosis. 4) There was no association between AFB Positivity and histological features or clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION: Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis showed well formed granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis, and there was no association between AFB positivity in the tissue and histological or clinical characteristics.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis ; Male ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node*

OBJECTIVE: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most common cause of postoperative infection in instrumented fusion surgery. Although MRSA is well-known cause of nosocomial infection, emerging evidence supports that there could be MRSA infection from community. This study evaluated the nasal colonization rate of MRSA among healthy adults within the age range of spinal fusion surgery in Korea. METHODS: Nasal swabs were collected from 99 participants who visited health promotion center. A structured questionnaire regarding healthcare-associated MRSA risk factors was collected simultaneously. Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed by latex agglutination. The resistance to methicillin was identified by oxacillin screening test. RESULTS: Of the 99 participants, 12 (12.1%) had S. aureus isolates. The nasal carriage rate of methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was 9 (9.1%). MRSA was identified in 3 participants (3.0%). CONCLUSION: Among the age range of possible spinal fusion surgery, nasal colonization study revealed substantial rate of preoperative MRSA carriers even in healthy adults. A postoperative MRSA infection should not be exclusively considered to be due to surgery-related contamination.
Adult ; Agglutination ; Colon ; Cross Infection ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Latex ; Mass Screening ; Methicillin ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; Oxacillin ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Spinal Fusion ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Surgical Wound Infection