This study was conducted to investigate the main and side dish preference of food with 681 children (145 of kindergarten, 300 of children, 236 of adolescences) in Seoul and Gyeonggi area using questionnaires. Regarding preference of the staple foods, it was shown that all group had the highest preferences for boiled rice, The kindergarten period prefer Jajangmyen the most, children and adolescences like spaghetti (p < 0.05). For breads, the kindergarten preferred cakes the most, the middle years and the adolescences preferred pizza. Regarding preference of soups, it represents the kindergarten liked seaweed soup, the children and adolescences liked sollongt'ang (p < 0.05). For pot stew, the kindergarten preferred bean-paste pot stew the most, the children with parents' income level less than 4 million won preferred Kim-chi stew, the middle years with parents' income level equal or greater than 4 million won preferred beanpaste pot stew and all adolescences preferred Kim-chi pot stew (p < 0.05). Stewed beef with soy sauce was preferred the most by all ages. For pan-fried foods, the kindergarten with parents' income level less than 4 million won preferred pan-fried spicy port the most, the kindergarten with parents' income level equal or greater than 4 million won preferred pan-fried anchovy the middle years preferred pan-fried spicy pork, the adolescences with parents' income level less than 4 million won preferred pan fried Kim-chi the most (p < 0.05). And for vegetable dish, all age groups preferred seasoned bean sprouts and Chinese cabbage Kim-chi the most which they can easily see on their tables.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Brassica ; Bread ; Child ; Eating ; Food Preferences ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seasons ; Seaweed ; Soy Foods ; Vegetables

This research was carried out a to investigate the food habit and preference of parents'social and economic level with 681 children (145 of Kindergarten, 300 of Children, 236 of Adolescences) in Seoul and Gyeonggi area using questionnaires. The parents' income level divided into 2 groups, less than 4 million won and equal or greater than 4 million won. Most of the middle years were over-weighing but kindergarten and adolescences had standard weights. The majority of parents had Bachelor degrees, most of father were office workers, majority of mothers of kindergarten with parents' income level less than 4 million won were professional women and mothers of the rest of the groups were mostly house wives. The middle years with parents income level less than 4 million son were skipping meals most frequently, but other groups didn't show much differences in their eating habits. All age groups showed that they like meats the most and dislike vegetables the worst. All age groups also showed that they mostly eat out 1-2 times a week and the next was 3-4 times a week. All age groups preferred ice creams, fruits, juices and snacks for their desserts. The middle years with parents' income equal or greater than 4 million won also showed high preference on strawberry and chocolate flavored milk, burgers and pizzas. The food s that preferred to eat when dining out were Chinese foods (Ja-jang-myeon and sweet and sour pork) for kindergarten group, Korean foods (kalbi and bulgogi) for the middle years with parents' income level less than 4 million won, family restaurant food (steak and rib) for the middle years with parents' income level equal or greater than 4 million won and Korean foods (kalbi and bulgogi) for the adolescences. The preferred cooking methods were roast (fish and sea weeds) for the kindergarten, roasted meat for the middle years, Kimchi and bean paste pot stew for the adolescences with parents' income level less than 4 million won and roasted meats for the adolescences with parents' income level equal or greater than 4 million won. The results showed that the adolescences with higher parental income lever preferred meats.
Adolescent ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cacao ; Child ; Cooking ; Eating ; Fathers ; Female ; Food ; Food Habits ; Food Preferences ; Fragaria ; Fruit ; Humans ; Ice Cream ; Meals ; Meat ; Milk ; Mothers ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Restaurants ; Snacks ; Spouses ; Vegetables ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Detailed information on how an epithelial differentiation and elastic structures occurred in the developing eustachian tube would be helpful in understanding both normal physiology and pathology of the tubotympanum. This study was undertaken to establish elastic structures such as cartilage, elastic fiber, and collagen fiber in the embryonic mouse eustachian tube at a stage when epithelial differentiation is taking place. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Thirty four mice (BALB/c mouse), aged from gestational day 11 to postnatal day 21, were investigated using Verhoeff stain, Masson trichrome stain and alpha-1 antitrypsin immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The cartilage-like structures were first found after birth, however, matured cartilages appeared at postnatal day 7. The elastic fibers and collagen fibers surrounding cartilage were abundantly found about 5 days after birth. alpha-1 antitrypsin, which is an strong inhibitor of elastase, began to be immunolabelled at gestational day 16. Its expression has been significantly increased after birth. CONCLUSION: Although the epithelial differentiation and maturation in eustachian tube occured at late embryonal stage, the elastic structures have developed and matured after birth. These findings might be a explanation to why young children are highly susceptible to otitis media.
Animals ; Cartilage ; Child ; Collagen ; Elastic Cartilage ; Elastic Tissue ; Elasticity ; Eustachian Tube* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Otitis Media ; Pancreatic Elastase ; Parturition ; Pathology ; Physiology

No abstract available.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a low grade B cell lymphoma that, occurs in numerous sites including the stomach, ocular adnexa, thyroid, lung and breast; however, primary hepatic lymphoma is extremely rare. Only about 20 cases have been reported world wide. We recently experienced a case of primary hepatic B-cell lymphoma of the MALT type in a 63-year old female patient. She presented with abdominal pain. The CT, ultrasonogram and PET-CT showed a hepatic nodular mass. A biopsy specimen of the liver revealed MALT lymphoma. There was no evidence of the lymphoma in the extrahepatic lesion. She received segmentectomy of liver and was then treated with CVP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone) chemotherapy. She has been followed up for 6 months since the therapy, and she remains asymptomatic.
Abdominal Pain ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Biopsy ; Breast ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymphoid Tissue* ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Middle Aged ; Stomach ; Thyroid Gland ; Ultrasonography ; Vincristine

The survival rate of gastric cancer is mainly affected by lymph node metastasis and depth of invasion. It is now recognized that in early gastric cancer submucosal invasion and lymph node metastasis depend on the size of tumor. A 71-year-old man with epigastric discomfort for 1 month was admitted. Endoscopy showed a huge polypoid tumor with friable and nodular surface occupying the whole lumen of stomach. We suspected a Borrmann type 1 advanced gastric cancer, but we confirmed the gastric cancer confined to only mucosa without lymph node metastasis after operation. So we report a case of huge polypoid early gastric cancer mimicking advanced gastric cancer with a review of relevant literatures.
Aged ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVES: Hebei Spirit oil spill accident has brought about the worst coastal oil contamination in Korean history. Following the accident, residents and volunteers, number exceeding a million from nationwide, were exposed to chemicals from the crude oil itself and dispersants, including volatility organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals through the clean-up works over months. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of clean-up work on the peripheral nerve function and psychologic status of the residents after a prolonged exposure to clean-up work after the oil spill exposure. METHODS: We performed a study on the residents of Jango-do Island, Chungnam, on 5 and 12 January 2008, six to eight weeks after the accident. A questionnaire on general characteristics, Korean Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI), color vision test (Lanthony desaturated D-15 test), and vibration perception threshold test were done. Among 210 residents with 30 years or older, 63 (30%) finished questionnaires and completed at least one among K-BDI, color vision test, or vibration perception threshold test. Descriptive statistics was done on the residents. RESULTS: The residents participated in clean-up work for average 20 days, max 30 days, during 6 weeks following the accident. Average work hours were 7.4 hours per day, max 10 hours. On K-BDI, 21 (33.3%) had a severe depressive state. Mean color confusion index was 1.29 in the right and 1.20 in the left. Mean vibration perception threshold was 3.69 VU (right) and 3.55 VU (left), respectively. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: Compared to literature report, the residents had higher depression scale. Color vision threshold was not higher compared to general population near an industrial complex. Vibration perception threshold was significantly higher than the residents of similar age living near an abandoned mine in southern coastal area only in the age group of forties. These suggests there is some evidence of neuropsychiatric effect related to oil cleaning work and a mid- and long-term study of the oil exposure health effects with continuous monitoring should be done for the exposed residents in the affected area.
Color Vision ; Depression ; Disasters ; Hazardous Substances ; Humans ; Metals, Heavy ; Peripheral Nerves ; Petroleum ; Petroleum Pollution ; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic ; Sensation Disorders ; Vibration ; Volatilization ; Surveys and Questionnaires