PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify nurses' role in the delivery of health guidance service within the annual health guidance membership service. METHODS: Dynamic job analysis process was applied with vertical job analysis and horizontal job analysis through a focus group workshop and expert survey. RESULTS: As a result of this study, job description was established with 4 duties, 11 tasks, 60 task elements. Major duties consisted of 'professional nurse practice', 'coordination and cooperation', 'education and consultation', and 'administrative work and improvement'. A job process map was also framed. CONCLUSION: The results can be used to establish nurses' role in providing health care service. Ongoing research on nurse's role as a health guider will be a fundamental base for health care service development and will contribute to expansion of common health management services.
Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Focus Groups ; Health Services ; Job Description ; Nurse's Role

PURPOSE: We studied to determine whether the degenerative spondylolisthesis has rotary deformity in addition to forward displacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have made an analysis of difference of rotary deformity between the 31 study groups of symptomatic degenerative spondylolisthesis and 31 control groups without any symptom,statistically. We also reviewed CT findings in 15 study groups. RESULTS: The mean rotary deformity in study groups was 6.1 degree(the standard deviation is 5.20), and the mean rotary deformity in control groups was 2.52 degree(the standard deviation is 2.16)(p <0.01) CONCLUSION: The rotary deformity can be accompanied with degenerative spondylolisthesis. We may consider the rotary deformity as a cause of symptomatic degenerative spondylolisthesis in case that any other cause is not detected.
Congenital Abnormalities* ; Spondylolisthesis*

BACKGROUND: The incidence of scabies in Korea decreased during the past 20 years. This might have been due to improved personal hygiene and public sanitation. Recently, however, not only the incidence of scabies, but also delayed or missed diagnosis, is likely to increase again. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to obtain a better understanding of the clinical characteristics of recent scabietic patients. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and clinical photographs of 27 outpatients who had been diagnosed with scabies in our department between August 2006 and August 2008. We investigated personal and clinical information, including age, sex, onset, past history and clinical manifestations. RESULTS: Of the 27 patients, 14 (51.9%) were female and 13 (48.1%) were male. Their ages ranged from 4 to 93 years (mean=47.2 years). Over half (51.9%) of the patients had been misdiagnosed at private hospitals. The average time from symptom presentation to diagnosis was 68 days. The most common site of skin lesions was the lower abdomen (77.8%), and the most common primary lesion was erythematous papules (96.3%). Atypical cases of scabies were as follows: 7 nodular scabies (25.9%), 1 crusted scabies (3.7%) and 4 scabies incognito (14.8%). CONCLUSION: Currently, atypical cases of scabies may be increasing and frequently misdiagnosed. We suggest that dermatologists should suspect scabies for any patient who presents with pruritus that is persistent or resistant to treatment.
Abdomen ; Female ; Hospitals, Private ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Medical Records ; Outpatients ; Pruritus ; Sanitation ; Scabies ; Skin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe quality of life (QOL) in Korean school-age children by identifying dimensions and attributes of QOL from the child's point of view. METHOD: In-depth interviews with focus questions were used for the study. Twelve children, aged 10 to 13 years, were recruited from Seoul and rural areas. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed before content analysis. The data were analyzed for themes and attributes. The researchers read the data together and discussed their conclusions until a consensus was reached. RESULTS: Eight dimensions, 57 subdimensions and 101atttributes were identified for QOL in school-age children. The eight dimensions of QOL were physical, social, emotional, learning, leisure, family, self-value, and material aspects. CONCLUSION: The study results can be utilized in developing reliable instruments to measure quality of life specific to school-age children. It is proposed that a consistent and unified policy should be established by school, family, and community for the purpose of improving the QOL of school-age children.
Child* ; Consensus ; Humans ; Learning ; Leisure Activities ; Quality of Life* ; Seoul ; Child Health

The authors reported the cases of 23 patients with aneurysms measuring 2.5 cm or greater in diameter found during 7 years period in which we performed 596 operations for aneurysm of the 23 patients, 14 were treated by direct operation, 3 by internal carotid ligation with or without bypass surgery, 2 by trapping, 1 by wrapping and the other 3 by conservative therapy. The overall incidence of giant aneurysms was 3.9% but varied according to location; 9 cases were located on the internal carotid artery; 8 were on the anterior communicating artery; 5 were on the middle cerebral artery. 14 patients had hemorrhagic attacks, 7 had mass effects from the aneurysm, and 2 had ischemic events. Overall favorable outcome was 65% and the mortality was 13%. Based on the review of the literature, the appropriateness of surgery and surgical methods are discussed.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Ligation ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Mortality

BACKGROUND: Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the most common disease in the otolaryngologic field. It is important to choose of antibiotics in the management of chronic suppurative otitis media. OBJECTIVES: Bacteriologic studies can make it possible to use appropriate antibiotics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The bacteriologic study was made on 98 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media who visited the department of otolaryngology, Dae Dong Hospital in Pusan from Nov. 1989 to Dec. 1995 and the following results were obtained. RESULTS: 1) In 90 cases in which pathogenic organism was isolated, single infection was 81 cases(90%) and mixed infection was 9 cases(10%). 2) The most frequent pathogenic organism was Staphylococcus(46.5%) and Proteus(16.1%), Pseudomonas(14.1%), Providencia(10.1%) were the next. 3) In the aspect of the sensitivity to antibiotics, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxon and Amikacin were sensitive drug generally. 4) Staphylococcus was sensitive to Vancomycin and Ciprofloxacin. 5) Proteus was sensitive to Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Ceftriaxon. 6) Pseudomonas was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin and Piperacin. 7) Providencia was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxon, Amikacin and Piperacin. 8) Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus(MRSA) was 19 Strains(45.5%). CONCLUSION: Recently, pathologic strain and it's sensitivity to antibiotics has changed. So, we recommand that periodic bacteriologic study and sensitivity test should be done for effective management of chronic otitis media.
Amikacin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteriology ; Busan ; Ceftriaxone ; Ciprofloxacin ; Coinfection ; Methicillin Resistance ; Otitis Media ; Otitis Media, Suppurative* ; Otolaryngology ; Proteus ; Providencia ; Pseudomonas ; Staphylococcus ; Vancomycin

PURPOSE: Pneumonia is one of the most common respiratory diseases in hospitalized children, and often recurs. It has been reported that asthma is one of the significant contributing factors to recurrent pneumonia. On the basis of similarities between asthma and recurrent pneumonia, we intended to evaluate the influence of allergy on recurrent pneumonia. METHODS: Seventy one children with recurrent pneumonia were defined as recurrent group(RG) and twenty one children with first episodes of pneumonia were defined as control group(CG). WBC, total eosinophil count, Eosinophilic Cationic Protein(ECP), serum total IgE and specific IgE for eleven common allergens using the CAP system were measured and compared. Recurrent pneumonia was defined as at least two pneumonia episodes in a year, or at least three episodes from birth to the time of our study. Children with previous allergic disorders were excluded. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in WBC, total IgE, and ECP between the two groups. Total eosinophil count in RG was significantly higher than CG(P=0.021), significantly correlating with ECP(r=0.755, P<0.05) and total IgE(r=0.354, P<0.05). When the cut-off value was 0.35 kU/L in CAP test, positive prevalence of CAP in RG was significantly higher than CG(P=0.009). Also, the positive prevalence of house dust mites group, especially Dermatophagoides farinae(D.f.), was significantly higher in RG(P=0.019, 0.025, respectively). When the cut-off value was 0.7 kU/L in CAP test, only a positive prevalence of house dust mites group was significantly higher in RG than CG (P=0.042). The quantitative levels of specific IgE for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(D.p.) and D.f. were very high in RG(P=0.018, 0.028, respectively), significantly correlating with each other(r=0.639, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Allergic sensitization, especially to house dust mites, is one important contributable factor in recurrent pneumonia in children. Further study, such as bronchial hyperresponsiveness, is needed in children who were sensitized by D.p. or D.f..
Allergens ; Asthma ; Child* ; Child, Hospitalized ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Immunoglobulin E ; Parturition ; Pneumonia* ; Prevalence ; Pyroglyphidae

Pyodermatitis-pyostomatitis vegetans (PD-PSV) is a rare, benign pustular and vegetating mucocutaneous dermatosis with a tendency to affect the oral mucosa and the skin of the groin and axilla. The cutaneous lesions begin as crusted erythematous papulopustules, which coalesce to form large vegetating plaques, usually in the axillae, genital area and scalp. PD-PSV is known to be frequently associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. We report a rare case of PD-PSV, which showed typical clinical and istopathological features, but was not accompanied by inflammatory bowel disease.
Axilla ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Crohn Disease ; Groin ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Mouth Mucosa ; Scalp ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the absolute value of the root/crown ratio (R/C ratio) using panoramic radiographs (PRGs) in a healthy Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 99 patient radiographs (of 50 males and 49 females subjects; aged 16 to 24 years old) were examined, and 2,770 teeth were analyzed. Crown lengths and root lengths were measured with modified Lind's measurements using PACS tools by two examiners in two separate sessions two months apart. All data were analyzed using SPSS. The independent t-test was used to assess for gender differences, and the paired t-test was used to compare both arches with a significance level of P<.05. RESULTS: The mean R/C ratios varied from 1.29 to 1.89 (male: 1.28-1.84; females: 1.31-1.94). The highest R/C ratios were recorded for the mandibular canines (1.89), followed by the maxillary canines (1.79). The lowest R/C ratios were recorded for the maxillary second molars (1.31). In comparison with the maxillary teeth (1.29-1.78), the mandibular teeth yielded the higher R/C ratio (1.47-1.89), and this difference was significant in the females (P<.05). The difference between the genders was not statistically significant, except for the maxillary central incisors, mandibular canines and mandibular first premolars. CONCLUSION: These data may enhance the understanding of the clinical R/C ratio as a useful guideline for determining the status of teeth and the ethnic difference.
Bicuspid ; Crowns ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Molar ; Tooth*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: IgG subclass deficiency has been reported in patients with bronchial asthma and is associated with recurrent respiratory tract infections. This study was done to identify prevalence of IgG subclass deficiency and to evaluate the possible difference between atopic and non-atopic asthmatics. Subjects and METHODS: We measured serum levels of IgG and IgG subclass in 35 asthmatic patients and 50 healthy controls using nephelometry. Reference values of each IgG subclass was defined as cumulative percentile between 2.5% to 97.5% of controls. RESULTS: Total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 of asthmatics were significantly lower than for those of controls(p<0.05, respectively). In atopic asthmatics, compared with non-atopic asthmatics, IgG4 level was significantly higher (p<0.05). The frequency of IgG subclass levels below the reference value was eight (22.9%) of 35 asthmatics. CONCLUSION: IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 were significantly lower in asthmatic patients. Some patients had IgG subclass levels below reference value. Further studies will be needed to evaluate their clinical significance.
Asthma* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry ; Prevalence ; Reference Values ; Respiratory Tract Infections