No abstract available.
Education* ; Humans ; Internship and Residency* ; Korea*

The distance fmm skin to the lumber epidural space was measured in 60 male patients receiving epidural analgesia. The mean distance was found to be 4.45cm. The epidural depths were identified most frequently at 4.0 to 4.5cm deep and over 90% of total cases were less than 5.5cm deep. The epidural depths had correlations with weight and PI(P < 0.001), but not correlated with height.
Adult* ; Analgesia, Epidural ; Epidural Space* ; Humans ; Male* ; Skin*

OBJECTIVE: The aim of present study is to obtain the reference values of motor and sensory nerve conduction study (NCS) of the median nerve and to re-assess the values of criteria for abnormal findings in the electrophysiological diagnosis of Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). METHOD: Median and ulnar NCS were performed in 62 neurologically healthy adults as controls and 142 patients with CTS. Reference values of the median and ulnar NCS were obtained from the controls and the criteria for the diagnosis of CTS were made. Sensitivities of diagnostic criteria were calculated. RESULTS: The criteria included 7 items: (1) A 5-cm short segment study through carpal tunnel, > or =1.3 msec; (2) median motor latency (8 cm), > or =4.0 msec; (3) median sensory latency (14 cm, onset), > or =3.0 msec; (4) median sensory nerve action potential amplitude (baseline to peak), < or =20 uV; (5) ratio of median to ulnar motor latency, > or =1.5; (6) ratio of median to ulnar sensory latency, > or =1.2; (7) ratio of median to ulnar sensory amplitude, < or =0.6. The order of the highest to lowest sensitivity were as follows: a 5-cm short segment study, median sensory latency, median motor latency, ratio of median to ulnar sensory latency, and ratio of median to ulnar motor latency. Approximately 65% of the patients met all the 7 diagnostic criteria and 95% of the patients met 3 or more. CONCLUSION: The criteria proposed in this study would enhance the diagnostic sensitivity for the CTS.
Action Potentials ; Adult ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Neural Conduction* ; Reference Values

BACKGROUND: Pneumoperitoneum for a gynecologic laparoscopic surgery induces hemodynamic changes. We evaluated the effects of nicardipine on induction, maintenance, and recovery. METHODS: Thirty patients scheduled for gynecologic laparoscopic surgery were randomly allocated to two groups: control group (placebo group, n = 15), group N (nicardipine group, 10 microgram/kg followed by 0.5-2.0 microgram/kg/min). The systolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate were measured at preinduction, induction, intubation and 5, 10, 15, 20 min after insufflation. Loss of consciousness, induction dose, effective site concentration, propofol maintenance dose (the maintenance dose of propofol from intubation to end of anesthesia, PMD) were also measured. Propofol was titrated to maintain a bispectal index value of 40-60. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in PMD between two groups. The PMD of group N was significantaly less than group C. Nicardipine adminstration attenuated increase in the blood pressure, but did not affect on heart rates during CO2 insufflation. CONCLUSIONS: Co-administration of nicardipine was effective in attenuating the hemodynamic changes after pneumoperitoneum during gynecologic laparoscopic surgery, without changes of induction and recovery.
Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Insufflation ; Intubation ; Laparoscopy* ; Nicardipine* ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Propofol ; Unconsciousness

BACKGROUND: A "difficult airway" can be simulated with an extrication collar, which restricts cervical motion and mouth opening. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of the GlideScope and the McGrath in difficult airway simulation. METHODS: Patients were randomized using computer-generated numbers and were placed into the GlideScope group or the McGrath group. The total intubation time was defined as the time measured from when the anesthesiologist picks up the device to the time at which three successive end-tidal CO2 values are acquired after intubation. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in total intubation time between the two groups (73.0 ± 25.3 sec vs. 72.3 ± 20.9 sec, P = 0.92). The success rates of the first intubation attempt did not differ between the two groups (82.8% vs. 83.3%, P = 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that there are no significant differences in the intubations with GlideScope and McGrath using vascular forceps and tube exchangers in difficult intubation scenarios.
Airway Management ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopes ; Mouth ; Surgical Instruments*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlations of neurological level, BCR and urodynamic study (UDS) in the spinal cord injury(SCI) patients, we analyzed the results of BCR and UDS fundings. METHOD: The sujects were twenty-four patients with SCI who were beyond 3 months following the SCI. According to the level of injury, the patients were divided into 3 groups: above T10 level, 7; T10 to L2 level, 8; below L2 level, 9. Electrophysiological BCR test and UDS were performed in all patients. RESULTS: The results showed a significant correlation between the BCR test and level of injury, however there was no correlation between the UDS and level of injury, nor between the detrusor function and BCR test. The results might be from a differential recovery of the somatic and autonomic nervous system. CONCLUSION: As a part of comprehensive evaluation for the bladder function in the SCI patients, we recommend both the bulbocavernosus reflex test and urodynamic study. Further neurophysiological research would be needed to understand the urodynamic findings which did not correlate with the level of SCI.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Financial Management ; Humans ; Reflex* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urodynamics*

Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer, for which surgery following preoperative staging and risk assessment is the standard treatment. Afatinib is an orally active irreversible ErbB-family inhibitor that binds to the kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs), HER2, and HER4, and has been approved as monotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with activated EGFR mutations. Recently, we observed an unexpected effect of afatinib administered to treat lung cancer on untreated papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (Amsterdam dwarfism) is a congenital disease characterized by mental retardation associated with multiple malformation.A genetic etiology has been proposed, with suggestions of autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance. It affects one in 30,000 to 60,000 live births.Two-thirds of patients with the condition die before the end of their first year; death occurs from pulmonary aspiration in infancy, and from infections and bowel obstruction in later life.One reference to the syndrome highlights problems with seizures, cardiac abnormalities and difficult tracheal intubation but apart from this paper, there is little published information about the anesthetic management.
Anesthesia, General ; De Lange Syndrome ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Intubation ; Seizures ; Wills

Various bacteria were isolated from the casing layer soil of the culture bed of P. ostreatus and their role in fruiting body induction of the edible mushroom, P. ostreatus, was investigated. Analysis of the bacterial community isolated from the casing layer soil revealed that the composition of genera and number of cultivable bacteria were different for each sterilizing treatment. Bordetella was predominant in the bulk soil whereas Flavobacterium was predominant after sterilization of the casing layer soil. Fluorescent Pseudomonas was predominant in the non-sterilized casing layer soil. Total number of the bacterial genera in the casing layer soil was higher than that in the bulk soil. In particular, an increase in the fluorescent Pseudomonas population was observed in the non-sterilized casing layer accompanied by induction of fruiting body and enhanced mushroom production yield. The results suggested that specific bacterial populations in the casing layer play an important role in the formation of primodia and the development of basidiome in P. ostreatus.
Agaricales ; Bacteria ; Bordetella ; Flavobacterium ; Fruit ; Pleurotus ; Pseudomonas ; Soil ; Sterilization

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate female sexual function after colpoperineoplasty. METHODS: Women who visited regional clinic for colpoperineoplasty from June. 2004-Aug. 2004. filled in FSFI (The Female Sexual Function Index) questionnarie before and 4 months after surgery. Six weeks after surgery, they start pelvic muscle training with HMT 2000 (Korea, electric stimulator). RESULTS: Frequency of coitus, sexual desire, arousal, lubrication and orgasm was increased after colpoperineoplasty. Percentage of patients who had coitus more than once a week increased from 18% to 63%. In sexual desire, about 18% felt sexual arousal more than or about half the time before surgery, but increased to 45% after surgery. In sexual arousal, percentage of who felt sexually aroused during more than half of sexual activity increased from 34% before surgery to 69% after surgery. In Lubrication, percentage of who became lubricated during more than half of sexual activity increased from 44% before surgery to 82% after surgery. Who reached orgasm more than half of sexual activity increased from 29% before surgery to 70%. CONCLUSION: Colpoperineoplasty increased female sexual activity.
Arousal ; Coitus ; Female* ; Humans ; Lubrication ; Orgasm ; Sexual Behavior