The striatum is involved in diverse behaviors which depend on intact dopaminergic innervation. Recent electrophysiological studies have revealed that dopamine alters both voltage dependent conductances and synaptic transmission, resulting in state dependent modulation of target cells. This review makes clear predictions about how dopamine should alter the responsiveness of striatal neurons to extrinsic excitatory synaptic activity.

Objective To explore the clinical manifestations of toxic epidermal necrolysis(TEN) and its rare pulmonary complications.Methods Clinical symptoms,treatment and prognosis of 1 child with TEN caused by carbamazepine were analyzed.Radiological images were reviewed to evaluate the manifestations and the outcome of chronic pulmonary complications associated with TEN.Results The patient had high fever shortly after a dosage increment of carbamazepine.A confluent erythematous exanthema developed rapidly into painful blistering with skin erosion,denudation and involvement of conjunctive and oropharyngeal mucosa.The diagnosis of TEN was made.The mucocutaneous damage was gradually recovered with steroid plus intravenous immunoglobulin for 3 weeks.However,the patient presented with respiratory failure in the recovery phase of TEN.The computer tomography revealed pulmonary bullae and pneumothorax in the right lung.Lung parenchyma was squeezed and pulmonary bullae ruptured with pneumothorax and atelectasis,which were absorbed gradually through thoracic drainages.The patient′s lung function and pulmonary bullae were partly improved during a 7-month follow-up.Conclusions TEN is a severe form of blistering skin di-sease which is characterized by an extensive loss of epidermis and mucous membrane.Chronic pulmonary complications may occur in recovery phase of TEN.Pulmonary bullae,which might be caused by mucous damage and respiratory obstruction,is a rare complication of TEN.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM: To investigate whether L-carnitine ( LC) inhibits the eryptosis effect of uremic serum on erythrocytes.METHODS:Erythrocyte suspension (2%) was cultured and divided into 3 groups in vitro: control group ( C group) , uremic serum group ( U group, 30%uremic serum) , and uremic serum+LC group ( L group, 30%uremic serum+200 μmol/L LC) .Erythrocytes were collected at 24 h and 48 h.Eryptosis ( phosphatidylserine expression repre-sents eryptosis) was estimated by flow cytometry with Annexin V staining.The content of reactive oxygen species ( ROS) was also detected.Glutathione ( GSH) was measured by ELISA.RESULTS:Eryptosis in C group was increased as the in-cubating time extended.Eryptosis in U group was higher than that in C group, while that in L group was lower than that in U group.Meanwhile, ROS content was higher and GSH was lower in U group than those in C group.ROS content was low-er and GSH was higher in L group than those in C group.CONCLUSION:LC inhibits uremic serum-induced eryptosis by decreasing ROS and increasing GSH, thus attenuating oxidative stress.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in lung tissue of mice with acute paraquat poisoning, and discuss its pathological mechanism.Methods Fifty-eight healthy male mice were randomly divided into control group (n = 8) and poisoned group (n = 50). The mice in poisoned group were lavaged with 20% paraquat (50 mg/kg), and those in control group with equal amount of normal saline. The mice were sacrificed on the day of experiment in control group, and those in poisoned group at 6 hours and 1, 3, 7, 14 days after poisoning. The lung tissue was harvested to observe the changes in pathology of lung with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The positive expression of HO-1 was determined with immunohistochemistry, and the protein expression of HO-1 was determined with Western Blot. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were determined.Results The mice showed shortness of breath and signs of exhaustion 1 hour after poisoning, getting worse on 3-5 days, but returned to normal 14 days after poisoning. Under the light microscope, it showed that the control group had no significant pathological changes in lung tissue. One day after the ingestion, pulmonary alveolar structure disorder, obvious hemorrhage, edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells were found. At 3 days, the pathological changes in the lung tissue were more pronounced. They were less pronounced on 7 days, and inflammatory changes disappeared on 14th day, but alveolar structure disorder remained. Immunohistochemical test showed that HO-1 was seldom expressed in the lung tissue, and a little amount was expressed in the mucosal epithelial cells of the airway in control group. It was shown that inflammatory cell and endothelial were mainly distributed in the mucosal epithelial cells of airway 1 day after poisoning followed by a gradually decrease tendence, and came to normal level of control group 7 days after poisoning. It was shown by Western Blot that HO-1 (gray value) in lung tissue increased 6 hours after poisoning (2.438±0.467 vs. 0.475±0.167,P< 0.01), peaked at 1 day (9.200±0.940 vs. 0.475±0.167,P< 0.01), continued to increase till 7 days after poisoning, and it lowered to normal level thereafter (0.825±0.260 vs. 0.475±0.167,P> 0.05). The SOD activity (μU/L) in lung tissue was lowered 6 hours after poisoning, and it was significantly lower than that of control group (649.681±13.951 vs. 1 167.051±15.744,P< 0.01), and it continued to decrease up to 14 days after poisoning (859.733±121.079 vs. 1 167.051±14.744,P< 0.01). MDA content (μmol/L) in the lung tissue homogenate was elevated 6 hours after poisoning with significant difference compared with that of the control group (4.542±0.266 vs. 3.705±0.176,P< 0.01). It peaked on day 1 (5.956±0.281 vs. 3.705±0.176,P< 0.01), then it declined and reached normal level 3 days after poisoning (4.134±0.168 vs. 3.705±0.176,P> 0.05).Conclusion HO-1 expression was increased significantly in lung tissue of mice with acute paraquat poisoning, which may be considered as an important protection mechanism against paraquat poisoning.

OBJECTIVE:To clone,prokaryotic express and characterize the TEM-type ?-lactamase produced by Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolate EC002. METHODS: The drug susceptibility of Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolate EC002 was detected by agar double dilution,double disk screening and confirmatory test were employed to detect the ESBLs. The isoelectric point (pI) of enzyme was detected by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IEF),the genes were coded by PCR amplification enzyme,and the prokaryotic expression and phenotype of the TEM-type ?-lactamase were detected. RESULTS: Enterobacter cloacae EC002 were resistant to most of the ?-lactamases. Positive results were noted for the phenotype identification and plasmid conjugation test. IEF showed that Enterobacter cloacae EC002 produced two ?-lactamases with pI value at 8.7 and 5.4 respectively,which were confirmed to be CTX-M-22 and a new TEM-subtype ?-lactamase by DNA sequencing,and the phenotype of the expressed enzyme of the cloned strains was non-ESBLs. The TEM-type ?-lactamase was named as TEM-141 by GenBank. CONCLUSION: The TEM-141 produced by Enterobacter cloacae EC002 was a new type of plasmid-mediated broad-spectrum ?-lactamase.

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of rifampin-resistant real-time fluorescent quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection technology (GeneXpert MTB/RIF) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) combined with peripheral blood tuberculosis infection T cell spot test (T-SPOT) and tuberculosis antibody (TB-Ab) in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods　The clinical data of 114 cases of clinically diagnosed smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, 80 cases of non-tuberculous pulmonary diseases and 22 cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The detection results of peripheral blood T-SPOT, TB-Ab and BALF GeneXpert in the three groups were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, false negative rate, false positive rate and Youden index of the three detection methods were compared. The differences in the positive detection rate of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis between the separate detection and the combined detection of the three methods were compared. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was performed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). Results　The sensitivity of BALF GeneXpert and peripheral blood T-SPOT and TB-Ab was 66.91%, 80.88% and 90.44%, respectively. The specificity was 98.75%, 73.75% and 41.25%, respectively; the diagnostic coincidence rates were 78.70%, 78.24% and 72.22%, respectively, which were higher than 70.00%. In the smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group, the positive detection rates of these three methods in the smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group were 63.15%, 79.82% and 90.35%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant compared with those in the non-tuberculosis pulmonary disease group (all P<0.01). The positive detection rate of the three combined methods in the smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group was 96.49 %, which was significantly higher than that of TB-GeneXpert method and T-SPOT, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=37.283, P<0.01; χ2=13.612, P<0.01); the Youden index of combined detection was significantly higher than that of single detection, and the AUC of combined detection was 0.977, which was significantly higher than that of single detection. Conclusion　BALF GeneXpert combined with peripheral blood T-SPOT and TB-Ab can significantly improve the diagnostic rate of bacterial-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, providing a strong basis for guiding clinical treatment.

A three-dimensional biomechanical tracting appliance is introduced in the article, which is used to treat the protrusion of intervertebral disc. The appliance is light, practical, adjustable 3D biomechanic, simple and with multiple functions and convenient operation.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; therapy ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; pathology ; Traction ; instrumentation ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; pathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; Duodenal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; pathology ; Sarcoma ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza on renal morphology and renal function of rats with streptozotocin diabetes. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, which were normal control group, untreated group and Salvia miltiorrhiza-treated group. Diabetic nephropathy was induced in rats of the last two groups by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin after unilateral nephrectomy. Then the rats in the normal control and untreated groups were fed with normal saline while those in the Salvia miltiorrhiza-treated group were fed Salvia miltiorrhiza preparation for 8 weeks. The glomerular volume (VG), kidney-to-body weight ratio (KW/BW), urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were observed. The expression levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin (FN) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the end of the experiment. RESULTS: UAER, Ccr, VG and KW/BW ratio were significantly higher in the untreated group than those in the normal control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of TGF-beta1, CTGF, PAI-1 and FN in the untreated group were also significantly higher as compared with those in the normal control group (P<0.05). UAER, Ccr, VG, KW/BW ratio and the levels of TGF-beta1, CTGF, PAI-1 and FN in the Salvia miltiorrhiza-treated group were obviously lower than those in the untreated group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Salvia miltiorrhiza can protect rats with streptozotocin diabetes from diabetic nephropathy by suppressing the over-expressions of TGF-beta1, CTGF, PAI-1 and FN in renal cortex.

Objective To build three-dimensional model of the pancreas and peripanercatic organs to provide morphological basis for imaging diagnosis and operation selection of pancreas diseases. Methods Serial cross-sectional images from the first Chinese visible human dataset were reviewed and the structures of pancreas and peripancreatic organs were reconstructed three-dimensionally by using 3D-Doctor software on PC. Results Three-dimensional structures of pancreas and peripancreatic organs were reconstructed successfully. All reconstructed structures could be displayed in multiple methods and color modes. Conclusions The internal and adjacent struc-tures of pancreas can be clearly shown on the reconstructed three-dimensional images. The visible model is a useful reference both for clinical diagnosis and surgical practice.