Proinflammatory cytokines induced by peripheral immune challenge can activate the inflammatory reflex, which results in negative-feedback control of inflammation .Some recent studies revealed that it is the splanchnic nerve , not the vagus nerve , to constitute the efferent arm of the inflammatory reflex .Further researches are needed to iden-tify the neural construction and regulatory mechanism of the inflammatory reflex , which might be harnessed for the treatment of inflammation and the development of anti-inflammatory drugs .

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) refers to a group of pathological processes caused by various causes that affect the microarteries,small arteries,venules and capillaries in brain tissue.Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction may play an important role in mechanism of leading to CSVD-related changes.The research in related fields is expected to become an important means of in-depth understanding of CSVD.The driving factors of brain dysfunction caused by CSVD and the relative role of vascular lesions and primary neurodegenerative changes in the process of CSVD remain unclear.The examinations reflecting cerebrospinal fluid components of the central nervous system degenerative lesions and vascular lesion process can provide important information.The related biochemical changes may become an early identification indicator of CSVD,at the same time it can enhance the understanding of its characteristic mechanism.In addition,CSVD specific biomarkers can also play an important role in monitoring the therapeutic effects.

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is an important cause of functional incapacitation,disability,and cognitive impairment in the elderly.Subcortical CSVD can lead to lacunar infarcts and progressive white matter lesions.CSVD cognitive impairment is an important subtype of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).The dementia caused by it accounts for about 36%-67% of vascular dementia.With the development of technology,neuroimaging and its related markers has become a powerful tool for the diagnosis of CSVD and cognitive impairment.The clues of the CSVD pathogenesis can also be found in the field of brain cognition.STandards for ReportIng Vascular changes on nEuroimaging (STRIVE) has established the neuroimaging markers of 6 critical damages,including recent small subcortical infarcts,lacunar foci that are assumed to be the origin of blood vessels,white matter hyperintensities that are assumed to be the origin of blood vessels,perivascular spaces,cerebral microbleeds,and brain atrophy.This article reviews the correlation between VCI caused by CSVD and imaging features.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the pressure changing characteristics of upper esophageal sphincter (UES), lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the esophagus kinetic characteristics of pharyngeal paraesthesia patients. METHOD: To take high resolution manometry in 44 cases of pharyngeal paraesthesia patients and 23 normal subjects separately. According to the RSI score,the 44 patients were divided into group A (the group without reflux, RSI < 13, n = 25) and group B (the group with reflux, RSI ≥ 13, n = 19). RESULT: The UES average resting pressure and average residual pressure of patients group were higher than the control group (P < 0.05); The UES average resting pressure and average residual pressure of group B were higher than group A (P < 0.05); The LES average resting pressure and average residual pressure of group B were lower than group A and the control group (P < 0.05); The comparison of LES average resting pressure and average residual pressure between group A and the control group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The esophagus DCI of group B was lower than that of group A and control group (P < 0.05). The esophagus DCI comparison between group A and control group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The pharyngeal paresthesia symptoms of'patients was associated with the increasing of UES pressure. The pharyngeal paresthesia symptoms of group with reflux was related to low pressure of LES and high pressure of UES. The last part of esophagus of group with reflux had obstacles in powers, which weaken the peristalsis and declined the ability to clear the bolus and gastric reflux material.
Case-Control Studies ; Esophageal Sphincter, Lower ; physiopathology ; Esophageal Sphincter, Upper ; physiopathology ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Manometry ; Paresthesia ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Peristalsis ; Pharynx ; physiopathology ; Pressure

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Camptothecin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; methods ; trends ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; surgery ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; administration & dosage ; Preoperative Care ; Survival Analysis

Objective To establish a method of neurons and glial cell culture from embryonic Gekko japonicus cerebral cortex. Methods Embryonic(E15) pallium was dissociated and digesting by trypsin.After counting,cells were seeded in culture flask.The glial cells were obtained by using differential adhesion potential combined with successive passage purified methods,and neurons were obtained by using neurobasal medium supplemented with B27.The cells were fixed and analyzed with immunohistochemic assay. Results After tetra-generation,GFAP positive cells were more than 95% in glial cells cultured condition;Neurons grew well in neurobasal medium,and NF and MAP-2 positive signals co-localized on neurons.After cultured for 10 days,the percentage of neurons was more than 95%.Conclusion The methods of isolation,culture and purification for embryonic Gekko japonicus cortical neurons and glial cells were established and it might be a valuable cell model to further investigate the central nerve system in Gekko japonicus.

Objective To observe the effect of naloxone(Naloxone,NAL) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats,and to explore its mechanism.Methods 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group (Con group),ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group),ischemic preconditioning group (IPC group) and naloxone pretreatment group (Nal+I/R group).Changes of cardiac function,myocardial infarct size and occurrence of arrhythmias after ischemia-reperfusion in each roup were observed.Changes of myocardium under light microscope ultrastructural in each group were also observed.Apoptosis situation in each group was detected by TUNEL assay.Results Compared with th IR group,IPC group and Nal+I/R group showed significantly improvement in cardiac function after ischemia-reperfusion (P

Object The analysis of oligomeric procyanidins in crude grape seed extracts was performed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC/ESI-MS). Methods Procyanidin monomer and oligomers were identified according to the mass of the charged pseudomolecular ion [M-H]. Results Three monomers, seven dimmers and three trimers were tentatively identified. Conclusion This study demonstrates the capability of the combination of RP-HPLC with ESI-MS to analyze the composition of oligomeric procyanidins in grape seed extracts.

Objective To investigate the effect of Dureping injection (DRP) on IL-4, IFN-? mRNA and CD40L protein expression of FM1 infected mice with virus pneumonia, and explore the mechanism of antiviral effect. Methods ICR mice were divided into 7 groups:DRP1, DRP2, DRP3, SHL, Ribavirin, sham and model group. The mice were sacrificed on the 7th after infected, and the lung index was calculated. Then, IFN-?mRNA and IL-10 mRNA in the lung tissue was measured with RT-PCR, CD40L protein in the lung tissue was measured with Western-blot. Results The lung index of mice in model group was significantly higher than sham group (P0.05). Conclusion DRP in vivo could down-regulate the lung index, inhibit the transcription IL-4 mRNA, enhance the transcription of IFN-? and inhibit the expression of CD40L protein in lung of FM1 infected mice.

0.05).Conclusions The level of plasma Hcy in BD patients are higher than that of in the controls.Hyperhomocysteine may take part in the pathogenesis of BD, but the MTHFR gene C677T genotypes are not associated with BD.