OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the cognition of medical staff for adverse drug reactions(ADR). METHODS:A questionnaire survey was conducted on the spot among the physicians,nurses and pharmacists with different profes-sional titles in our hospital to investigate their cognition about ADR concept,their judgment for ADR and ADR reporting,and the results were analyzed by statistical methods. RESULTS:Totally 452 questionnaires were sent out,and 439 were effectively re-ceived,with effective rate of 97.12%. In terms of correct cognition rate about ADR basic concept and the main reasons,the sur-veyed pharmacists were higher than physicians and nurses,the senior professional titles of surveyed pharmacists were higher than the intermediate and junior,the pharmacists with senior professional titles were the highest and the junior were the lowest,the dif-ferences were statistically significant(P<0.05);in terms of the proportion of certain for ADR judgment,the surveyed nurses were lower than pharmacists and physicians,the surveyed physicians with senior and intermediate professional titles were higher the ju-nior,the surveyed nurses with intermediate titles were higher than the junior,the surveyed pharmacists with senior professional ti-tles were higher than the intermediate and the junior,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);in terms of cognition about ADR reporting,the surveyed pharmacists were the highest and the nurses were the lowest,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05),while in terms of the proportion of knowing ADR reporting timing limit,reporting procedures and depart-ments,the surveyed pharmacists and physicians with junior professional titles were lower than the senior and intermediate,the dif-ferences were statistically significant(P<0.05);in terms of reasons for missed ADR reporting,the proportion of consideration of the risk of causing medical disputes for doctors of the surveyed physicians was higher than pharmacists and nurses,while the sur-veyed nurses showed higher proportion for doing not understand reporting procedures,doing not reporting,thinking ADR reporting was dispensable and uncertain for ADR identification,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Medical staff with different professional titles and occupations have different cognition about ADR basic concept,judgment and re-porting,the pharmacist are relatively good,followed by the physician and nurse,especially the nurse,and the medical staff with junior professional titles are relatively poor. It is necessary to strengthen ADR education and training for them,play professional ad-vantages from the pharmacist and optimize ADR reporting procedures to improve the reporting rate and quality of ADR.

Objective To explore the advantage of the mini-incision doubling eyelid operation comparied with buried suture method.Methods 201 single eyelid cases were randomly divided into 2 groups:group A(101 cases)using mini-incision doubling eyelid operation,and group B(100 cases)using the double eyelid plasty with buried suture.Their effect was comparied.Results 157 cases were received postoperative follow-up.Group A(81 cases)contained 45 thin eyelids and 36 thick eyelids.Group B(76cases)included 32 thin eyelids and 44 thick eyelids.The postoperative follow-up for 1 month revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of satisfaction between group A and group B among the thin eyelid patients(P＞0.05).But statistic difference was found between A and B group among the thick eyelid patients(P＜0.05).The follow-up period for group A and group B was in the range of 2.5 to 3.5 years.The maintenance-well rate between the thin eyelid and the thick eyelid patients in both groups was significantly different(P＜0.05).Conclusion The mini-incision doubling eyelid operation is superior to the double eyelid plasty with buried suture in the rate of postoperative satisfaction and long-term effect.It is deserved to have more applications.

Objective To explore the role of homocysteine(Hcy)on angiogenesis at peri infarct region after focal cere-bral ischemia in rats, to elucidate inhibitory factors of angiogenesis, and to establish a clinic foundation for clinical brain functional recovery. Methods Spragur-Dawley (SD) male rats (n=36) were randomly divided into three groups with 12 rats in each group including Sham Operation (SO) group, Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group and MCAO+Hcy group. The rats in Sham and MCAO groups were intra-peritoneally injected with 5 mL/(kg·d) saline and rats in MCAO+Hcy group were injected with 2%5 mL/(kg·d) Hey solution from the same route. MCAO was introduced by intraluminal filament meth-od after 7 d Hcy intervention. Rat brains were harvested on the 7th day after MCAO. BrdU(50 mg/kg, as a marker of cell pro-liferation)was intraperitoneally injected three days before the rats were killed. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)was used to measure serum Hcy concentration in rats. Brain infarction size was observed by TTC staining. Immuno-fluorescence staining was used to detect the number of BrdU+/laminin+cells at the thalamus of infarction side. Results Se-rum Hcy concentration significantly higher in MCAO+Hcy group than in SO and MCAO groups(P<0.05). Brain damage increased and the number of BrdU+/laminin+cells decreased in MCAO+Hcy group compared with those of MCAO group (P<0.05). Conclusion Increased Hcy concentration in rats lead to more severe damage of cerebral infarction as well as to inhibit the angiogenesis at surrounding ischemia area.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of autogenous cartilage transplantation in rhinoplasty. METHOD: We chose three kinds of treatment according to the shape of nasal tip and thickness of local soft tissue. Autogenous auricular cartilage transplantation combined with "L" type artificial prosthesis rhinoplasty was executed in 57 cases. Nasal alar cartilage transplantation combined with "L" type artificial prosthesis rhinoplasty was executed in 33 cases and septal cartilage transplantation combined with "willow leaf" type artificial prosthesis rhinoplasty was executed in 29 cases. RESULT: Improved nasal aesthetic effects were observed after operation in all of 119 cases, 64 cases were follow-up visited for 3 to 12 months. Both surgeons and patients were satisfied with the nasal shape. CONCLUSION Autogenous cartilage transplantation combining with artificial prosthesis rhinoplasty could effectively rebuild the nasorostral shape. We chose different kinds of cartilage according to the nasorostral condition. We can ensure that the whole nasal shape according to aesthetic requirement.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cartilages ; transplantation ; Rhinoplasty ; methods ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Young Adult

Objective To provide reference for anti-infection drugs in Zunyi area by analyzing the etiological characteristics of children with severe pneumonia.Methods The sputum, throat swabs and serum of children with severe pneumonia in pediatric intensive care unit of our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were collected in this study.The pathogen species which caused severe pneumonia were detected and identified by the method of pathogen culture,and typical pathogens were detected by RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence.Results A total of 337 children with severe pneumonia were included,the pathogen positive rate was 86.65%(292/337).The rate of viral infection(37.32%)was the highest,followed by bacterial infection accounting for 28.42%,then the mixed infection accounting for 27.74%,and the mycoplasma pneumoniae infection accounting for 6.50%.The respiratory syncytial virus type B accounting for 28.44% was the most common in viral infection,and there were significant differences in age distribution(P<0.05),the children under 3-years-old,especially the infants under 1-year-old had the highest susceptibility.Viral infection had certain seasonality,compared with spring and winter,autumn and winter(November to April) had higher viral detection rate and the difference was statistically significant(x2=29.28,P=0.001).The escherichia coli was the most common in bacterial infection,accounting for 21.69%.Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli were more common in neonates and infants under 1-year-old,Haemophilus influenzae occured in 1~3 years old children,Streptococcus pneumoniae infection could occur in any age.Conclusion Viral infection is the most common pathogen in children with severe pneumonia in Zunyi area followed by bacterial infection,which is more common in children under 1-year-old,and with the high incidence in autumn and winter.Bacterial infection is more common in children over 3 years of age.Bacterial and viral mixed infection is common in children under 3 years of age,especially in children under 1-year-old.

The hybrid pencil beam model (HPBM) is an effective algorithm for calculating electron dose distribution in radiotherapy. The mean energy distribution of incident electron beam in phantom is one of the factors that affect the calculation accuracy of HPBM, especially in field edge areas near the end of the electron range. A new fitted formula based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation data for electron beams with energy range of 6-20 MeV in the homogeneous water phantom is proposed in this paper. The precision of the fitted formula within the scope of the energy was evaluated by comparing the electron dose distribution of ECWG measured data with that obtained from HPBM which took the mean electron energy that calculated by the fitted formula and the existed empirical formula, respectively. The results showed that the accuracy of dose distribution that obtained by the mean electron energy calculated with the fitted formula increased about 1%.
Algorithms ; Electrons ; Humans ; Monte Carlo Method ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; Water

Abstract: Due to the continued emergence of multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2, the ongoing pandemic has resulted in severe mortality over the past two years. After the Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta variants, the most recent new variant of concern (VOC) strain to emerge is Omicron (B.1.1.529), which evolved as a result of the accumulation of a large number of mutations. The Omicron variant, which has a much higher transmission rate than the Delta variant, soon replaced the Delta variant and others, is now the dominant variant worldwide. The emergence of Omicron poses new challenges for the prevention and control of COVID-19 and has raised a number of concerns worldwide. Recently, cases of Omicron infection have been reported in several parts of China, and therefore this paper provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of the epidemiology and immune escape mechanisms of the Omicron variant. We also suggest some therapeutic strategies against the Omicron variant, including rapid diagnosis, genome analysis of emerging variants, ramping up of vaccination drives and receiving booster doses, updating the available vaccines, designing of multivalent vaccines able to generate hybrid immunity, up-gradation of medical facilities and strict implementation of adequate prevention and control measures need to be given high priority to handle the on-going COVID-19 pandemic successfully.

PURPOSE: Sensitization to house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) is a considerable risk factor for the progression of allergic disease. The group 2 allergen from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p 2, is considered a major one in patients with specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) to Der p 2. Der p 2 has structural homology with myeloid differentiation 2 (MD-2), which is involved in the lipopolysaccharide-binding component of the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway and the development of inflammation. The aim of this study was to examine the genetic association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of MD-2 with Der p 2-sensitive allergy. METHODS: We investigated associations between cohort's characteristics, including 280 allergic and 80 healthy subjects by examining total IgE, eosinophils, D. pteronyssinus-specific IgE, Der p 2-specific IgE, the number of IgE-producing B cells induced by Der p 2, and the odds ratio of allergic symptoms. RESULTS: Based on the 1,000 genome project data, the minor allele frequencies of the rs1809441 and rs1809442 are 0.467 and 0.474, respectively. However, the correlation of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between these 2 SNPs is D'=1, the genotype frequencies of the 2 MD-2 (LY96) SNPs (rs1809441 and rs1809442) that are located nearby were significantly different between allergic and health subjects: the TT genotype of rs1809441 and the GG genotype of rs1809442 were more frequent in allergic subjects than in healthy subjects (16.1% vs 2.5% in both genotypes). The allergic patients with these genotypes exhibited significantly higher levels of D. pteronyssinus-specific IgE and Der p 2-specific Ig E, and a larger number of Der p 2-activated B cells. In addition, these 2 SNPs in the MD-2 promoter region were significantly associated with the prevalence of nasal, skin, and asthmatic allergic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that 2 SNPs in the MD-2 promoter region were significantly associated with Der p 2-specific Ig E, and thereby suggest that these SNPs may play a major role in susceptibility to Der p 2-triggered immune responses in a Taiwanese population.
B-Lymphocytes ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ; Eosinophils ; Gene Frequency ; Genome ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulins ; Inflammation ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Odds Ratio ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide* ; Prevalence ; Promoter Regions, Genetic* ; Pyroglyphidae ; Risk Factors ; Skin ; Toll-Like Receptor 4

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of an active fraction (DSS-A-N-30) from Danggui Shaoyao San.

METHODDSS-A-N30 was prepared by macroporous resin chromatography, the compound was isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and RPC-18, the structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTA new monoterpene glycoside was isolated and identified from DSS-A-N-30.

CONCLUSIONThe new monoterpene glycoside was identified as 4"-hydroxyl-albiflorin.

Bridged-Ring Compounds ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Gel ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Monoterpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of behavioral training on the learning and memory abilities and changes of NR2B and GluR1 expressions in the hippocampus of offspring rats with fetal growth retardation (FGR).

METHODSA FGR model was established in SD rats by passive smoking. The offspring rats were divided into FGR group and control group, each then randomized into training and untrained group. Morris water maze behavioral training was carried out in postnatal months 2 and 4, and the learning and memory abilities of the young rats were assessed using dark-avoidance test and step-down test. NR2B and GluR1 expression in the hippocampus of the rats were detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn the dark-avoidance and step-down tests, the FGR rats showed deteriorated learning and memory performance in comparison with the control group, but behavioral training resulted in improved performance of the rats. The performance in FGR group was much improved after behavioral training, and the model factor and the training factor showed a significant interaction (P<0.05). The expression of NR2B and GluR1 in CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus decreased in FGR group, then the their expressions in the CA1 region increased after training in both FGR and control groups, and the increment was especially obvious in GluR1 expression in the CA1 region at postnatal month 2. The two factors showed a significant interaction (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONBehavioral training can improve the learning and memory abilities of FGR offspring rats, the mechanism of which is probably related to increased expression of NR2B and GluR1 in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Avoidance Learning ; Behavior, Animal ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Male ; Memory ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution