No abstract available.
Angiofibroma*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of combined treatment of metallic biliary stent placement and radiotherapy in malignant biliary obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1992 and February 1994, 22 patients with malignant biliary obstruction were treated with metallic biliary stent placement and radiotherapy. The causes of the obstruction included cholangiocarcinoma(n=14), gallbladder carcinoma(n=4), colon cancer(n=2), pancreatic head cancer (n=1), and stomach cancer(n=1). According to the sites of obstruction level, patient were divided into 2 groups; hilar obstruction(n=18) and common bile duct obstruction(n=4). The patients received dose of 45 Gray/18 fraction by external radiotherapy and 20Gy/8f by high dose rate brachytherapy with iridium--192 source through percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD) catheter. The duration of stent patency after placement, survival period and survival rate by Kaplan Meier method were calculated in dead and alive patients, respectively. RESULTS: In all 22 patients, the duration of stent patency was 5.5(1.3--18.5)months. Survival periods after stent placement and PTBD were 5.3(2.0--8.5 )months and 7.9(4.0--14.7)months respectively in 9 dead patients and 7.7(1.3--21.0)months and 9.5(2.3--23.0)months in 13 alive patients. In all 22 patients, the survival rates in 6, 12 and 18 months were 78.9%, 47.5 % and 35.6 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results with combined metallic biliary stent placement and radiotherapy for the palliative treatment of malignant biliary obstruction in this study was more favorable, as compared with those of the other authors with only metallic biliary stent placement.
Brachytherapy ; Catheters ; Colon ; Common Bile Duct ; Gallbladder ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Palliative Care ; Radiotherapy* ; Stents* ; Stomach ; Survival Rate

Primary malignant lymphoma of the appendix is an unconnnon neoplasm although the gastrointestinal tract is the most common extranodal site of malignant lymphoma. We report a case of primary malignant lymphoma of the appendix in a 54-year-old male, who presented with pain in the right lower abdomen. An appendectomy was performed. The appendix measured 9.5 cm in length and 5.5 cm in diameter. Cut sections showed a solitary circumferential mass in the appendiceal lumen. Light microscopic features were compatible with malignant lymphoma of diffuse large cell type(Working Formulation) and the immunophenotype was B cell type.

There have been cases reported of pneumocephalus, spinal cord and nerve root compression associated with the use of air in the loss of resistance technique during epidural block. However, the manual loss of resistance technique is still widely used by anesthesiologists for identifying the epidural space. A 65-yr-old female requested epidural steroid injection for her low leg radiating pain. A 22-guage Tuohy needle was placed in the L3-4 interspace with the loss of resistance technique using 4 ml air. Aspiration yielded no cerebrospinal fluid. After injection of 1% lidocaine 5 ml as a test dose, 0.25% lidocaine 10 ml with 40 mg triamcinole was infused and she did not show any abnormal signs. After changing to sitting position, however, the patient complained of increasing headache and nausea. After vomiting, she was obtunded. CT scan showed brainstem compression by the air. The patient lost conscioussness for 20 minutes. Four hours later, her neurologic examination was normal except for the headache. She was discharged on the third day after the accident and the headache subsided by the fifth day. As far as we know, this is the first case reported of a brain stem compression by air after epidural technique that induced serious neurologic symptoms.
Brain Stem* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Epidural Space ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Leg ; Lidocaine ; Nausea ; Needles ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Pneumocephalus ; Radiculopathy ; Spinal Cord ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Blindness* ; Orbit*

No abstract available.

The human head form has always been one of the main interests of the visual art and its artistic representation has been different from era to era, place to place, and individual artist to artist. The proportion of the head and face used by artists is different from the actual proportion in that it was developed to represent the ideal form. Though anthropometry is useful method to establish standards, the data of anthropometry are too complex and detailed to be directly applied to the field of art. This study was performed to present the anthropometry -based standard Korean face which can be utilized in visual arts. Fourteen hundred Korean profiles (630 males and 770 females) were investigated. Ten anthropometrical landmarks were selected and the distance between these points was measured. Nine indexes were developed from these measurements. Actual size of the face was measured for 2 categories, and photographs of face was used for 10 categories including 2 non -metric traits were determined. All measured values were significantly greater in males. Lower face -upper lip index and middle face -ear index were greater in male, however ear index was greater in female. Though the sexual difference in those indexes were statistically significant, when visualized on the canvas, it cannot be distinguished male from female based on those indexes. In individual facial profile, the alare was situated in front of the line which connecting the glabella and the cheilion in 40% and 70% of male and female, respectively. The cheilion was situated in front of that line in two third of both male and female. A cheek covered the alare in 62% of female, much higher percentage compared to the 27% in male. Generally cheek of older individual had more tendency to cover the alare. Data of this study showed difference from those of the Caucasian in all 9 indexes. Especially total head height -length index and middle face -lower face index were strikingly different and can be characteristic features worth considering when visualizing Korean. The representation of Korean face has been subject to the image that the artist himself had perceived. The proportion of the profile of Korean face may be used as an important reference for artists.
Anthropometry ; Cheek ; Ear ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Lip ; Male

No abstract available.
Nipples* ; Paget's Disease, Mammary*

PURPOSE: We compared the clinical and urodynamic findings of patients suffering with lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)/benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) and who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate, and we tried to determine the effect of urodynamical obstruction and the bladder function on the result of this operation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 101 patients with LUTS/BPH were categorized in four groups based on the findings of the preoperative urodynamic study: 15(14.8%) patients without bladder outlet obstruction[(BOO(-)], 50 (49.5%), patients with BOO[(BOO(+)], 12 patients(11.8%) with BOO and with detrusor underactivity(BOO+DU), and 24 patients(23.7%) with BOO and with detrusor overactivity(BOO+DO). The outcomes and satisfaction were analyzed by the changes of the International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS) and the quality of life(QoL) index before and after transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP), respectively. RESULTS: The Qmax was significantly high and residual urine was significantly low in group BOO(-). The PdetQmax was significantly high in group BOO(+) and also in the BOO+DO group. In group BOO(-), the decrease of the total IPSS was smaller than that noted in the other groups. There were significant decreases of the IPSS after TURP in groups BOO (+), BOO+DU and BOO+DO each voiding and storage subscore were decreased,but in group BOO+DO, the improvement was not as much as that in the other groups. The QoL was improved significantly in group BOO compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Performing urodynamics preoperatively helps to predict the degree of symptom relief, and a higherbaseline BOO positively predicts the postoperative improvement of the IPSS and the QoL. The outcome of the BOO+DU group was satisfactory, but storage symptoms still existed for the BOO+DO group.
Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Tract* ; Urodynamics*

Recently, cell cycle regulators have been suggested as new prognostic factors of the lung cancer. In this study, we evaluated the expression of cyclin D1, p21, and p53 using the X2-test, with regard to the stage of the patients, histologic type, and histologic differentiation in the 135 cases of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). To evaluate the confounding effects among cyclin D1, p21, and p53 on X2-test analysis, we used the Mantel-Haenzel test. The NSCLC in this study included 82 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 53 cases of adenocarcinoma. Each nuclear staining of cyclin D1, p21, and p53 was observed in 65 cases (48.1%), in 54 cases (40.0%), and in 81 cases (60.0%) of NSCLCs, respectively. Only p53 expression was significantly associated with the stage (stage I, II, IIIa) (p<0.05) and squamous cell carcinoma (p<0.05). On the other hand, cyclin D1 expression was significantly associated with the histologic differentiation. The confounding effects among cyclin D1, p21, and p53 revealed that only p21 expression changed the relationship between p53 and stage. In this regard, further study is needed.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Cycle ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclins* ; Hand ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Prognosis*