No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the value and the radiologic findings of CT discography in the diagnosis of the far lateral disk herniation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 7 cases of surgically proven far lateral lumbar disc herniation. CT discography was performed for all cases. Four cases underwent conventional CT and three cases MRI as a primary diagnostic imaging method. Far lateral diac herniation was divided into 3 groups by location;Intraforaminal herniation, extraforaminal herniation, and mixed type. We analyzed the findings of CT discography including location and extent of far lateral disc herniation. RESULTS: In all 7 cases, CT discography clearly demonstrated the filling of contrast media in laterally-protruded disc material. Intraforaminal and extraforminal types were seen in 2 cases each, and mixed type in 3 cases. Subligamentous herniated nucleus pulposus was present in 6 cases and extruded disc in 1 case. Far lateral disc herniation was located at L4-5 in 5 cases and L5-S1 in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: CT discography can help establishing accurate preoperative diagnosis for far lateral disc herniation.
Contrast Media ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Animals ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy* ; Rats* ; Skin*

After the definition of Cushing's ulcer, it is well recognized that neurosurgical patients have the high risk of acute gastrointestinal bleeding, especially in severe head trauma. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding after burn, respiratory failure, hepatic failure, renal failure and sepsis as "stress ulcer" also were studied. The prevention and management of bleeding was discussed in medico-surgical field for several years. Despite of these regimen, the prognosis of the bleeding have not significantly improved and bleeding affected the patient's outcome more than initial neurosurgical intervention. The authors experienced 25 cases of acute gastrointestinal bleeding among our neurosurgical patients between January, 1984 to June, 1988. We analysed these patients respectively and concluded as follows: 1) The incidence of acute gastrointestinal bleeding was 0.61%. 2) The bleeding developed on 12th day, average, and clinical manifestation were anemia, hematemesis and melena in order of frequency within the first 4-week in almost all cases. 3) The initial neurological sign such Glasgow Coma Scale may well predict the hallmark to suspect the acute gastrointestinal bleeding. 4) The systemic insults such as shock, renal failure, hepatic failure, respiratory failure and sepsis significantly affected to re-bleeding chance and rendered the patient's outcome poorer. 5) The overall mortality due to gastrointestinal bleeding was 32% and the operative mortality was 50%.
Anemia ; Burns ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Hematemesis ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Failure ; Melena ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Sepsis ; Shock ; Ulcer

It was known that lateral view of caucasian's face is projected roundly, however, that of Asian's face is flat relatively. The aim of this study was to investigate the facial depths of Korean and to find the existence of the difference with Caucasian. We used the standardized photographs of 852 individuals (559 men, 293 women) of Korean young adults between 20~39 years old and measured items using image analyzer. Measurement items were five anterior-posterior lengths between points from tragion to sellion, pronasale, subnasale, stomion, and gnathion. The facial depth of the Korean showed no significant difference based on laterality. Items such as tragion-sellion length, tragion-pronasale length, and tragion-subnasale length were showed minor difference according to gender. As results that compared upper, middle, and lower facial depths with caucasian, Korean had generally short facial depths. The lateral shape of face of Korean showed relatively flat, because the lower facial depth was longest due to projection of mandibular part especially.
Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

The human head form has always been one of the main interests of the visual art and its artistic representation has been different from era to era, place to place, and individual artist to artist. The proportion of the head and face used by artists is different from the actual proportion in that it was developed to represent the ideal form. Though anthropometry is useful method to establish standards, the data of anthropometry are too complex and detailed to be directly applied to the field of art. This study was performed to present the anthropometry -based standard Korean face which can be utilized in visual arts. Fourteen hundred Korean profiles (630 males and 770 females) were investigated. Ten anthropometrical landmarks were selected and the distance between these points was measured. Nine indexes were developed from these measurements. Actual size of the face was measured for 2 categories, and photographs of face was used for 10 categories including 2 non -metric traits were determined. All measured values were significantly greater in males. Lower face -upper lip index and middle face -ear index were greater in male, however ear index was greater in female. Though the sexual difference in those indexes were statistically significant, when visualized on the canvas, it cannot be distinguished male from female based on those indexes. In individual facial profile, the alare was situated in front of the line which connecting the glabella and the cheilion in 40% and 70% of male and female, respectively. The cheilion was situated in front of that line in two third of both male and female. A cheek covered the alare in 62% of female, much higher percentage compared to the 27% in male. Generally cheek of older individual had more tendency to cover the alare. Data of this study showed difference from those of the Caucasian in all 9 indexes. Especially total head height -length index and middle face -lower face index were strikingly different and can be characteristic features worth considering when visualizing Korean. The representation of Korean face has been subject to the image that the artist himself had perceived. The proportion of the profile of Korean face may be used as an important reference for artists.
Anthropometry ; Cheek ; Ear ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Lip ; Male

Total of 53 patients of unresectable and recurrent rectal cancer treated with neutron beam during the period from Oct. 1987 to Apr. 1992 were analyzed. Dose fractionation for the neutron only group was 1.5 Gy per fraction, 3 fraction per week, 21 Gy/41/2 wks for 42 patients out of 53(76%). Neutron only but modified fractionation schedule (10% more or less of total dose) was applied for 9 patients, and mixed team (neutron boost) was for 4 patients. Complete tumor response was obtained in 40 patients(76% response rate). Local control rate was 28 out of 53(53%). Statistically significant better prognostic factors for local control were age below 49 years old (15/22, 68%) than above 50 years old (13/31, 42%), male (20/32, 63%) than female(8/21, 38%), tumor size less than 5 cm and non-metastatic(16/24, 67%) than size more than 5 cm or metastatic(12/29, 4l%). Major complication had developed in 7 patients (13%). Two year overall survival rate by Kaplan-Meier method was 30%, but it was rised to, 47% when the tumor was less than 5cm non-metastatic.
Appointments and Schedules ; Dose Fractionation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neutrons* ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: An earlier index of reperfusion is desirable to determine whether additional therapy is necessary for myocardial salvage. Using the washout phenomenon of biochemical markers, many investigator have reported noninvasive methods for detection coronary reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Recently cardiac Troponin-T has been developed as a new myocardial specific marker, especially myocardial damage. The object of this study is to investigate the utility of cardiac Troponin-T for early assessment of reperfusion therapy. METHODS: The study group comprised 10 patients with acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion therapy that was initiated within 6 hours after the onset of symptoms. Blood samples were taken before treatment, every 30 min interval for 3 hours and then 6, 24, 72 hours after the onset of reperfusion therapy to measuring Troponin-T, Creatin Kinase(CK), and CK-MB level. Serum concentration of cardiac Troponin-T level was measured with immunoassed using ES-300, Boehringer Mannheim. We compared the real reperfusion that was assessed by coronary angiogram, chest pain disappearence and resolusion of St-segment elevation with an index of coronary reperfusion, the increase in Troponin-T(big up tri, open Troponin-T) 60, 90 min after repefusion therapy(Successful Reperfusion Index : Tn-T 60(90)-0>0.3 ng/ml) and the sensitivity, specificity, Positive, and negative predictive value were calculated using this threshold(Successful Reperfusion Index). RESULTS: 1) The studied patients(M/F : 7/3, mean age 54+/-12 year) were treated within 3 hour with thrombolytic therapy(7 patients, t-PA) or emergency angioplasty(3 patients). 2) The cardiac Troponin-T levels in eight patients with successful reperfusion showed early peak within 24 hours after reperfusion therapy were initiated but in 2 patients without successful reperfusion showed sustained increase without early peak within 24 hours. The CK-MB levels in patients with successful reperfusion also showed early peak within 24 hours but 5 of 8 patients showed no significant increase until 2 hours after reperfusion therapy. 3) The sensivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for detecting reperfusion using a threshold value of 0.3 ng/ml of big up tri, open Troponin-T 90 min(60 min) after reperfusion therapy was 100%(56%), 50(100%), 89%(100%), and 100%(20%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Serial measurements of cardiac Troponin-T, especially reperfusion index(0.3 ng/ml of big up tri, open Troponin-T 90 min after reperfusion therapy) are useful for early assessment of reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction.
Biomarkers ; Chest Pain ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardial Reperfusion ; Reperfusion* ; Research Personnel ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Troponin T*

Eighty five patients of oral cavity cancer, treated with radiation at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, during the period from March 1985 to September 1990 were analyzed retrospectively. Among 85 patients, 37 patients were treated with radiation only and 48 patients were treated with radiation following surgery And 70 patients received external irradiation only by 60Co with or without electron, the others were 7 patients for external irradiation plus interstitial implantation and 8 patients for external irradiation plus oral cone electron therapy. Primary sites were mobile tongue for 40 patients, mouth floor for 17 patients, palate for 12 patients, gingiva including retromolar trigone for 10 patients, buccal mucosa for 5 patients, and lip for 1 patient. According to pathologic classification, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (77 patients). According to AJC TNM stage, stage I + II were 28 patients and stage III+IV were 57 patients. Acturial overall survival rate at 3 years was 43.9%, 3 year survival rates were 60.9% for stage I + II, and 23.l% for stage III+IV, respectively. As a prognostic factor, primary T stage was a significant factor (p<0.01). The others, age, location, lymph node metastasis, surgery, radiation dose, and cell differentiation were not statistically significant. Among those factors, radiation plus surgery was more effective than radiation only in T3+T4 or in any N stage although it was not statistically sufficient(p<0.1). From those results, it was conclusive that definitive radiotherapy was more effective than surgery especially in the view of pertainig of anatomical integrity and function in early stage, and radiation plus surgery was considered to be better therapeutic tool in advanced stage.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Differentiation ; Classification ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Korea ; Lip ; Lymph Nodes ; Mouth Floor ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mouth* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Palate ; Radiation Oncology ; Radiotherapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Tongue

No abstract available.