FDT is known as a comfortable and convenient device, and there was no restriction in pupil size and refractive error within 7 diopters.To compare the effectiveness of secreening and N-30 mode in FDT, new field analyzer. Twenty-three POAG or ocular hypertension patients(43 eyes)were included in this study. All subjects underwent FDT screening and N-30 15 minutes apart on same day within 1 month after HFA C30-2 test. Mean age of the subjects was 49.77+/-11.61 years. Fifteen men and nine woman were included in this study. Test duration was 52.3+/-6.2 seconds with FDT screening, 5.46+/-0.32 minutes with FDT N-30, and 14.46+/-1.88 minutes with HFA C30-2.In global indexes MD and PSD of FDT N-30 were well correlated with MD, PSD, and CPSD of HFA C30-2 respectively(p<0.01). In diagnosing glaucoma, sensitivity of FDT screening and N-30 was 75% and 88%respectively, and specificity of screening and N-30 was 94%and 82%respectively. In detecting defect in each test location, sensitivity of FDT screening and N-30 was 68.6%and 81.6%respectively, and specificity of screening and N-30 was 94.5%and 83.8%respectively. FDT N-30 mode appears to be superior to FDT screening mode in screening and diagnosing glaucoma as there are high correlation with HFA C30-2, good sensitivity, and specificity inspite of longer test duration.
Female ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Ocular Hypertension ; Pupil ; Refractive Errors ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Visual Field Tests*

Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a rare, life-threatening disorder associated with an underlying neoplasm, which presents with painful stomatitis and polymorphous skin lesions. Successful diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus can lead to the diagnosis and treatment of the underlying malignancy.However, involvement of the respiratory system is typically unresponsive to treatment. Herein, we report the case of a 44-year-old female diagnosed with paraneoplastic pemphigus with underlying follicular lymphoma treated with a chemotherapy regimen including rituximab. Her skin lesions and underlying lymphoma responded to treatment, but bronchiolitis obliterans continued to progress and resulted in fatal respiratory failure.

Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a rare, life-threatening disorder associated with an underlying neoplasm, which presents with painful stomatitis and polymorphous skin lesions. Successful diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus can lead to the diagnosis and treatment of the underlying malignancy.However, involvement of the respiratory system is typically unresponsive to treatment. Herein, we report the case of a 44-year-old female diagnosed with paraneoplastic pemphigus with underlying follicular lymphoma treated with a chemotherapy regimen including rituximab. Her skin lesions and underlying lymphoma responded to treatment, but bronchiolitis obliterans continued to progress and resulted in fatal respiratory failure.

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to compare the efficacy of sevoflurane inhalation alone, intravenous remifentanil alone, and the combination of sevoflurane inhalation and remifentanil as pretreatment for the prevention of rocuronium-induced withdrawal movement in pediatric patients. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized study, 90 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II pediatric patients aged 3 to 10 years were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups: The Group S comprising the patients receiving sevoflurane inhalation, the Group R comprising those doing intravenous remifentanil 0.5 microg/kg and the Group C comprising those doing sevoflurane inhalation+intravenous remifentanil 0.5 microg/kg. The response of the patients was graded based on a 4-point scale. RESULTS: The overall incidence of withdrawal movement on rocuronium injection was 54% (16/30) in the Group S, 57% (17/30) in the Group R and 17% (5/30) in the Group C. There was no significant difference in the incidence of withdrawal movements on rocuronium injection between the Group S and Group R. In addition, the incidence of withdrawal movements and generalized movement on rocuronium injection was significantly lower in the Group C as compared with the Group S and R (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate not only that there was no significant difference in the degree of the effect in lowering the incidence of withdrawal movements on rocuronium injection between sevoflurane inhalation and intravenous remifentanil but also that it was significantly higher when combined with intravenous remifentanil as compared with the single use of sevoflurane inhalation or intravenous remifentanil.
Child* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inhalation* ; Pediatrics ; Prospective Studies

PURPOSE: To establish and validate a formula to predict spectral domain (SD)-optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness from time domain (TD)-OCT RNFL measurements and other factors. METHODS: SD-OCT and TD-OCT scans were obtained on the same day from healthy participants and patients with glaucoma. Univariate and multivariate linear regression relationships were analyzed to convert average Stratus TD-OCT measurements to average Cirrus SD-OCT measurements. Additional baseline characteristics included age, sex, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, spherical equivalent, anterior chamber depth, optic disc area, visual field (VF) mean deviation, and pattern standard deviation. The formula was generated using a training set of 220 patients and then evaluated on a validation dataset of 105 patients. RESULTS: The training set included 71 healthy participants and 149 patients with glaucoma. The validation set included 27 healthy participants and 78 patients with glaucoma. Univariate analysis determined that TD-OCT RNFL thickness, age, optic disc area, VF mean deviation, and pattern standard deviation were significantly associated with SD-OCT RNFL thickness. Multivariate regression analysis using available variables yielded the following equation: SD-OCT RNFL = 0.746 x TD-OCT RNFL + 17.104 (determination coefficient [R2] = 0.879). In the validation sample, the multiple regression model explained 85.6% of the variance in the SD-OCT RNFL thickness. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed formula based on TD-OCT RNFL thickness may be useful in predicting SD-OCT RNFL thickness. Other factors associated with SD-OCT RNFL thickness, such as age, disc area, and mean deviation, did not contribute to the accuracy of the final equation.
*Algorithms ; Female ; Glaucoma/*pathology ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*pathology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods

PURPOSE: A relationship between Febrile seizure (FS) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been found in several studies. However, few studies have focused on the role of IDA in complex febrile seizures (CFS) and simple febrile seizures (SFS) and there is no report on whether IDA is a risk factor for recurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IDA in SFS and CFS and to examine the effect of IDA on recurrence. METHODS: Patients (n=166) who had been diagnosed with FS were enrolled in our study. Subjects were divided into the following groups for analysis: the SFS and CFS groups, recurrence and non-recurrence groups. The onset age was compared in each group of patients and laboratory test results based on IDA were compared. RESULTS: Between the SFS and the CFS groups, there was no significant difference in laboratory test results based on IDA. There was a significant difference in onset age between the two groups and the onset age tended to be lower in the CFS group (24.00 vs. 16.49 months) (P=0.004). Comparing recurrence and non-recurrence groups, the mean corpuscular volume was significantly different (P=0.043) with the recurrence group having a lower mean corpuscular volume level (78.92 vs. 77.48). The onset age in the recurrence group was lower (26.02 vs. 19.68 months). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that onset age could be a risk factor for CFS, and IDA may not contribute to elevating the risk of CFS. However, IDA may play an important role in the recurrence of FS.
Age of Onset ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Humans ; Iron* ; Recurrence* ; Risk Factors* ; Seizures, Febrile*

Rhabdomyomas are rare benign tumors. Most extracardiac rhabdomyomas are found in the head and neck region, especially in the pharynx and larynx. Herein, we have described the case of a 1-year-old boy presenting with recurrent otorrhea and postauricular swelling. His symptoms were due to a mass that was histologically diagnosed as fetal rhabdomyoma (FR). Here, we report the first case of FR in the postauricular area. Clinicians should keep in mind the possibility of FR if a child presents with external auditory canal mass associated with recurrent otorrhea and signs of mastoiditis.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1), which is involved in vascular remodeling and bone formation, can stimulate odontogenic differentiation and angiogenesis when administered to human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Materials and Methods: The viability of hDPSCs upon exposure to CTHRC1 was assessed with the WST-1 assay. CTHRC1 doses of 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL were administered to hDPSCs.Reverse-transcription polymerase reaction was used to detect dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor 2. The formation of mineralization nodules was evaluated using Alizarin red. A scratch wound assay was conducted to evaluate the effect of CTHRC1 on cell migration. Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey post hoc test. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: CTHRC1 doses of 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL had no significant effect on the viability of hDPSCs. Mineralized nodules were formed and odontogenic markers were upregulated, indicating that CTHRC1 promoted odontogenic differentiation. Scratch wound assays demonstrated that CTHRC1 significantly enhanced the migration of hDPSCs. Conclusions CTHRC1 promoted odontogenic differentiation and mineralization in hDPSCs.

Paramolar tubercle is a rare developmental dental anomaly defined as an additional cusp occurring on the buccal or lingual sur-faces of the molar. Permanent molar fused with paramolar tubercles can be a cause of difficulty in root canal treatment. Therefore, proper understanding of these variations is important in order to ensure successful endodontic treatment. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can be helpful to understand anatomy of complicated cases. This case report describes nonsurgical endodontictreatment of maxillary second premolar fused with paramolar tubercle.

Postoperative pathological diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is important to confirm the diagnosis and predict the risk of recurrence and death. Further treatment plans, such as completion thyroidectomy, radioiodine remnant ablation, or external beam radiation therapy, are then opted for to reduce the predicted risk of recurrence or death. The World Health Organization has classified thyroid cancers into seven distinct categories based on the molecular profile and tumor cell origin. Our recommendation is applicable to differentiated follicular cell-derived carcinoma, the most common form of thyroid cancer, and cribriform morular thyroid carcinoma. Postoperative clinical and pathological staging is recommended for all patients with DTC to determine their prognosis and subsequent treatment decisions. In particular, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) staging system is recommended for staging DTCs for disease mortality prediction and national cancer registries. The information in the pathology report, including histologic features of the tumor that are necessary for AJCC/UICC staging and recurrence prediction, can help assess the patient’s risk.