Biopsy, Needle ; Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Keratin-14 ; metabolism ; Keratin-5 ; metabolism ; Keratin-6 ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Papilloma, Intraductal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Female ; Humans ; Nitriles ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Survival Rate ; Tamoxifen ; therapeutic use ; Trastuzumab ; Triazoles ; therapeutic use

Objective To explore the influence factors of help-seeking behavior in people with subjective memory complaints (SMCs).Methods A total of 305 eligible SMCs people were recruited and investigated with illness perception questionnaire-memory (IPQ-M),GDS-15,Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE),auditory verbal learning test(AVLT).Subjects were comprised of two groups:help-seeking group(n=44) and non-help-seeking group(n=261).Results The ratio of SMCs people for help-seeking was very low,only accounted for 14.4％.The ratio for going to hospital to see a specialist memory clinic accounted for only 2.0％.Logistic regression analysis showed 6 related factors were prime motivators for help-seeking behavior,which were symptom (OR=1.455),treatment control (OR=2.456),emotional representation (OR=2.268),accepting dementia education (OR=1.576),lacking of blood supply to the brain(OR=1.115),not using brain(OR=2.079).Three causal attributions were obstructive factors for help-seeking behavior,which were loneliness (OR=0.253),aging (OR=0.450),and chance or bad luck (OR=0.374).Conclusion Illness perception-memory in subjects with SMCs had some prediction for help-seeking behavior.Community nurses should attach importance to illness perception-memory of SMCs people and help them promote help-seeking,so as to facilitate earlv screening,identification and prevention of dementia.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the antioxidant activity of astragalus and its therapeutic effect on gestational diabetes.

METHODSEighty-four pregnant women with gestational diabetes were divided into insulin and insulin plus astragalus groups after regular dietary control and insulin treatment to maintain stable blood glucose level. The 43 patients in insulin group received insulin injection, whereas the 41 patients in the other group received treatment with both insulin and astragalus. The SOD activity, MDA level, blood lipids and renal function were determined in both groups after the treatments.

RESULTSThe patients with both insulin and astragalus treatments showed significantly increased serum SOD activity and decreased MDA level, renal function and blood lipids in comparison with those with exclusive insulin treatment.

CONCLUSIONAstragalus can effectively control blood glucose, reduce the free radicals, and promote the antioxidative activity, and may play a role in the prevention and treatment of gestational diabetes.

Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Astragalus Plant ; Diabetes, Gestational ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phytotherapy ; Pregnancy ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: Proline, glutamic acid, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1), a novel nuclear receptor (NR) co-regulator, is highly expressed in breast cancer. We investigated its expression in breast cancer subtypes, in comparison with other breast markers as well as cancers from different sites. Its prognostic relevance with different subtypes and other NR expression was also examined in breast cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on totally 1,944 cancers from six different organs. RESULTS: PELP1 expression rate was the highest in breast cancers (70.5%) among different cancers. Compared to GATA3, mammaglobin and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, PELP1 was less sensitive than GATA3 for luminal cancers, but was the most sensitive for non-luminal cancers. PELP1 has low expression rate (<20%) in colorectal cancers, gastric cancers and renal cell carcinomas, but higher in lung cancers (49.1%) and ovarian cancers (42.3%). In breast cancer, PELP1 expression was an independent adverse prognostic factor for non-luminal cancers (disease-free survival [DFS]: hazard ratio [HR], 1.403; p=0.012 and breast cancer specific survival [BCSS]: HR, 1.443; p=0.015). Interestingly, its expression affected the prognostication of androgen receptor (AR). AR(pos)PELP1(lo) luminal cancer showed the best DFS (log-rank=8.563, p=0.036) while AR(neg)PELP1(hi) non-luminal cancers showed the worst DFS (log-rank=9.536, p=0.023). CONCLUSION: PELP1 is a sensitive marker for breast cancer, particularly non-luminal cases. However, its considerable expression in lung and ovarian cancers may limit its utility in differential diagnosis in some scenarios. PELP1 expression was associated with poor outcome in non-luminal cancers and modified the prognostic effects of AR, suggesting the potential significance of NR co-regulator in prognostication.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Glutamic Acid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Phenobarbital ; Prognosis ; Proline ; Receptors, Androgen ; Stomach Neoplasms

Objective To explore the mechanisms of different cholic acid for reducing damage to human liver cells lines L-O2 induced by amanita toxic peptides (amataxins).Methods According to different concentrations of amataxins,the experiment was conducted with different dosages in 5 groups:0.00 g/L,0.26 g/L,0.40 g/L,1.40 g/L and 2.80 g/L.The human liver cells lines L-O2 in the exponential growth phase were cultured into 96-well plates,1 ×103 cells per well After 24 hours,the concentrations of amanita toxic peptides mentioned above were added.The minimum concentration of mushroom toxins keeping the liver cells alive was determined after 24,48 and 72 hours,respectively,and MTT method was used to test each group's liver cell activity.The experiment included 3 groups:the control group,the damage group,and the cholic acid group.Each group had 3 time points:24,48 and 72 hours after being attacked.Twenty four hours after attack,in cholic acid group,cholic acid drugs including taurocholic acid gca,goose deoxycholic acid,gansu ammonia goose deoxycholic acid and bovine goose deoxycholic acid were given,respectively,to protect the injured liver cells.Cells' morphology changes were observed under the inverted phase contrast microscope,living cells were counted by using MTT method,and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in the culture supernatant were tested by the biochemical method.Results The minimum attack concentration of lamanita toxic peptides keeping liver cell survival in vitro was 1.40 g/L.Seventy-two hours after attack by amanita toxic peptides,the absorbance value was 0.812 ± 0.035,0.345 ± 0.021,0.363 ± 0.018,0.387 ± 0.027,0.431 ± 0.018,0.465 ± 0.015 and 0.452 ± 0.030,respectively in the control group,the damage group,the taurocholic acid group,the goose deoxycholic acid group,the glycocholic acid group,the glycochenodeoxycholic acid group and the sodium deoxycholic acid group.Compared with the damage group,absorbance value 72 hours after attack in each cholic acid group gradually increased,and compared with damage group,the differences were statistically significant among goose deoxycholic acid group,glycocholic acid group,glycochenodeoxycholic acid group and sodium deoxycholic acid group(P ＜ 0.05).AST and ALT activity in each cholic acid group declined,and that in glycochenodeoxycholic acid group was the lowest.Compared with the damage group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Cholic acid can protect human liver cells from the damage induced by amanita toxic peptides.Such effect may be related to the fact that both amanita toxic peptides and cholic acid are the substrates of NTCP and OATP.

BACKGROUNDData on the epidemiology of hypertension in Chinese non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the non-dialysis CKD patients through a nationwide, multicenter study in China.

METHODSThe survey was performed in 61 tertiary hospitals in 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (except Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan). Trained physicians collected demographic and clinical data and measured blood pressure (BP) using a standardized protocol. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications. BP < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg were used as the 2 thresholds of hypertension control. In multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for sex and age, we analyzed the association between CKD stages and uncontrolled hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients.

RESULTSThe analysis included 8927 non-dialysis CKD patients. The prevalence, awareness, and treatment of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients were 67.3%, 85.8%, and 81.0%, respectively. Of hypertensive CKD patients, 33.1% and 14.1% had controlled BP to < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg, respectively. With successive CKD stages, the prevalence of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients increased, but the control of hypertension decreased (P < 0.001). When the threshold of BP < 130/80 mmHg was considered, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension in CKD 2, 3a, 3b, 4, and 5 stages increased 1.3, 1.4, 1.4, 2.5, and 4.0 times compared with CKD 1 stage, respectively (P < 0.05). Using the threshold of < 140/90 mmHg, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased in advanced stages (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hypertension Chinese non-dialysis CKD patients was high, and the hypertension control was suboptimal. With successive CKD stages, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased.

Adult ; Aged ; Awareness ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; complications