No abstract available.
Polychondritis, Relapsing*

No abstract available.
Hypertension, Renovascular*

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of opioids antagonist naltrexone and serotonin-dopamine recepter antagonist olanzapine on the reduction of alcohol consumption level of alcohol intake reinforced C57BL-6 type rat. METHODS: Small amount of alcohol and water were applied to the 28 rats for 2 hours per day during 30 days. On the 31th day, The rats were divided into four groups and given different medications by intraabdominal route 30 minutes before the alcohol consumption. For the next 35 days, the 3 subject group were applied with naltrexone 5mg/kg, olanzapine 0.1mg/kg and olanzapine 1.0mg/kg and the control group with distilled water everyday. RESULTS: In contrast to control group, naltrexone 5mg/kg group showed a significant reduction of alcohol consumption after 4 weeks. Olanzapine 0.1mg/kg group showed a decrease of alcohol consumption from 2 to 5 week period. Although olanzapine 1mg/kg group showed a momentary decrease of the consumption during the 2nd and 3rd weeks, the group did not show significant decrease afterwards. Olanzapine 0.1mg/kg was more effective in reducing the alcohol consumption than olanzapine 1mg/kg. However, it is not significantly more effective compared to the naltrexone 5mg/kg in reducing the alcohol consumption of the reinforced rats' alcohol intake. CONCLUSION: This results suggest that the low dose of olanzapine as well as naltrexone reduce the alcohol intake in C57BL-6 type rats.
Alcohol Drinking* ; Alcoholism ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Animals ; Naltrexone* ; Rats* ; Water

We report a case of a 36 year old female with coronary artery obstructive disease(Left coronary osteal stenosis), who had been admitted due to severe headache and vomitting. In admission, she was diagnosed as moyamoya disease on cerebral angiogram. She had no history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking. She had experienced angina for 2 years, and 1 year ago she ws diagnosed as bypass surgery with left main coronary artery angioplasty. In moyamoya disease, several portions of extracranial arteries have been found to be involved, but so far, only one case has been reported the coronary involvement on coronary angiogram in the world. And, there has not been a report about moyamoya disease combined with left main osteal lesion yet. This present case indicates that we need to exam for extracranial vascular system including the heart in moyamoya disease.
Adult ; Angioplasty ; Arteries ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Coronary Vessels ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Headache ; Heart ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Moyamoya Disease* ; Smoke ; Smoking

Purpose: We sought to establish normative ranges of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in Korean elderly individuals and to identify factors that influence GCIPL thickness. Methods:  We conducted a retrospective, observational study of 114 healthy subjects (75 years old or older) who underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations at a single institution. GCIPL thickness was measured with the Cirrus spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system and automatic segmentation. Subjects were divided into two age groups: those younger than 80 years and those 80 years or older, respectively. A cross-sectional analysis was adopted to evaluate associations of GCIPL thickness with sex, age, intraocular pressure, optic disc rim area, axial length, spherical equivalent (SE) refractive errors, astigmatism, and body mass index. Results: The average and minimum GCIPL thicknesses were 80.3 ± 5.6 µm and 76.3 ± 5.9 µm, respectively. The GCIPL thickness was significantly lower in the older group than in the younger group in the inferior, inferonasal, and inferotemporal segments (all p < 0.01). A thinner average GCIPL thickness was strongly associated with increasing age (β = -2.87, p = 0.021) and thinner circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (β = 2.87, p < 0.001) in all segments. Conclusions GCIPL thickness decreased with age globally and in all segments, even after 75 years of age. Thinner GCIPL was associated with older age and thinner circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer. Age-related changes should be considered when using GCIPL thickness to assess glaucoma and other optic neuropathies characterized by retinal ganglion cell loss.

The clinical features of corticobasal degeneration (CBD) are quite asymmetric. The severity of clinical symptoms and dopamine transporter (DAT) bindings were less correlated compared to other parkinsonisms, suggesting that presynaptic nigrostriatal dopaminergic dysfunction may not explain extrapyramidal manifestations in CBD. Therefore we wanted to reexamine asymmetry and severity between DAT imaging and clinical findings. We studied patients meeting the diagnostic criteria for CBD based on clinical features. We collected their clinical information and imaging retrospectively. Seven patients were enrolled and all had asymmetric rigidity, bradykinesia and unilateral limb dystonia. These symptoms did not improve with levodopa. All patients showed symptoms bilaterally in the last visit, but asymmetry of clinical symptoms was remarkable at the time of DAT imaging. The DAT bindings were decreased in six subjects. However, one patient showed normal DAT binding. Four patients had a more evident DAT reduction on the side contralateral to the more clinically affected side, however, two patients had a more prominent reduction on the ipsilateral side. The symptoms that we regard as parkinsonian features in CBD are not only explained by presynaptic dopaminergic dysfunction. Our findings suggest that postsynaptic dopaminergic or nondopaminergic systems may play a major role in parkinsonian symptoms in corticobasal syndrome.
Parkinsonian Disorders

PURPOSE: Pathologically, Kawasaki disease (KD) is associated with widespread vascular endothelial damage in the acute phase. The vasculitis induced endothelial injury leads to coagulation abnormalities. Abnormalities of endothelial function, platelet activation, and fibrinolysis are present during acute phase and long after the onset of KD. The aim of study is to evaluate the change of hemostatic markers in the clinical stages of KD and to assess the hemostatic markers to be a useful indicator of the development of coronary artery lesion (CAL). METHODS: Seventy four KD patients diagnosed in Chungnam National University Hospital from November 2004 to June 2007. Eleven febrile control and eleven healthy children were selected for healthy control. All blood samples were collected before and after Intravenous gammaglobulin (IVGG), 2nd week, and 4th-8th week of illness of KD. RESULTS: Initial D-dimer level of Kawasaki disease showed meaningful difference compared to control group (P<0.05). D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) before IVGG increased compared with normal control group and decreased after IVGG administration. It is normalized until 2 weeks later, and continue to decreasing. D-dimer and FDP were significantly different according to the CAL before IVGG. CONCLUSION: The hemostatic markers may change to the clinical stage of KD, which may suggest the degree of endothelial injury. Increased some hemostatic markers may be the predictors for development of CAL.
Child ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Coronary Vessels ; Fibrinogen ; Fibrinolysis ; Humans ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Platelet Activation ; Vasculitis

Hemichorea-hemiballsim has been reported as a rare Implication of nonketotic hyperglycemia. Recently, Some reports revealed that brain magnetic resonance images of nonketotic hyperglycemic patients with hemichorea-hemiballism showed characteristic contralateral striatal signal abnormality, We present six patients with hemichorea-heniiballism. All of them had diabetes mellitus and performed brain MR images. The MR images of them showed high signal intensity on Tl-weighted images and low signal intensity on T2 weighted images in the striatum contralateal to the involuntary movement. In general, the striatal high signal intensity on TI weighted images are presumed to have developed following hemorrhagic transformation, osmotic myelinolysis, or mild ischemia with reversible deposition of calcium or other material occurred in association with nonketotic hyperglycemia. However the precise mechanism of this signal change is not clear yet and needs pathological confirmation.
Brain ; Calcium ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dyskinesias ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Ischemia

In the treatment of chronic adult periodontitis, scaling and root planing have been generally performed prior to periodontal flap surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of non-surgical periodontal therapy prior to periodontal flap surgery in patients with chronic adult periodontitis. Fifty six molars showing bilateral bony defects and 4-6mm periodontal pocket in twelve patients with chronic adult periodontitis were selected. By randomized split-mouth design, in one side, flap operation was performed 4 weeks after scaling and root planing, in the other group, flap operation was only performed without scaling and root planing. Probing pocket depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, gingival index, plaque index, and tooth mobility were measured at baseline, before flap operation and post-operation 12 weeks. The difference of clinical parameters between groups and between each measuring time was statistically analyzed. The results were as follows; 1. At 12 weeks after flap operation, there was no significant difference in probing pocket depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, gingival index, plaque index and tooth mobility between groups(p<0.05). 2. In both groups, probing pocket depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, gingival index, plaque index and tooth mobility were significantly improved at 12 weeks after flap operation compared to baseline(p<0.05). Within the limitation of short period, the results failed to demonstrate that the non-surgical periodontal therapy prior to periodontal flap surgery could have clinical significance in improvement of clinical parameters compared to periodontal surgery without non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Chronic Periodontitis ; Gingival Recession ; Humans ; Molar ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontal Pocket ; Root Planing ; Tooth Mobility