Objective To discuss the relationship between the incidence of lymph node metastasis and tumor size in patients with non small cell lung cancer,and to provide evidence for clinical operation and follow -up treat-ment.Methods 180 patients with non small cell lung cancer who were hospitalized and recieived Lobectomy opera-tion were selected,the clinical data of patients and resection of tumor size,lymph node metastasis were retrospectively analyzed,and then the relationship between the lymph node metastasis and tumor volume was investigated.Results 180 cases of patients with lymph node metastasis rate was 37.20%,in which hilar lymph node metastasis rate was 11.02 percent and mediastinal lymph node metastasis rate was 10.95%.Lung lymph node metastasis rates in lymph node metastasis,hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastasis of T1a were 13.21%,15.09% and 13.21%;those of T1b period were 38.09%,35.71% and 28.57%;of T2a period were 44.44%,37.78% and 31.11%;of T2b period were 64.26%,57.14% and 53.57%;and those of T3 period were 58.33%,66.67% and41.67%.Lymph node metastasis,hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastasis in lung lymph nodes transfer rate with patients of T1a had significantly differences compared with patients of T1b,T2a,T2b and T3 stage.(χ2 =5.363,6.175,4.372,8.778, 5.363,9.631,7.936,9.631,20.463,7.521,6.175,4.387,all P <0.05).Hilar lymph node metastasis and lung metastases of T1b and T2b had a significant difference (χ2 =12.353,4.585,all P <0.05).Conclusion For non -small cell lung cancer,tumor size is positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and the greater the tumor size, the greater the likelihood of lymph node metastasis.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN),characterized pathologically by deposition of IgA complexes in the glomerular mesangium,is the most common form of primary glomerulo-nephritis in children and adolescents and is considered to be one of the important cause of end-stage renal failure.Abnormal immune factors become the research hotspot in recent years,but the specific pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated.Toll-like receptors are a family of receptors,which have been evolutionarily conserved to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns.Toll-like receptors do not only play an important role in activation of innate immune,but also regulate acquired immune,which is a bridge connecting the natural immune and acquired immune.Studies have shown that Toll-like receptors plays an important role in the process of occurrence and development of IgAN.This paper reviews its biological characteristics and the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.

Objective To learn the health status and community care needs of the elderly in Chongqing urban area ,and provide a basis for the future development of geriatric nurse in community .Methods SF‐36 scales and a self‐designed questionnaire were used to know the health status and community care needs of 1 005 elderly in Chongqing .Results The incidence rate of chronic com‐munity elderly was 79 .69% .SF‐36 scale total score was (71 .76 ± 12 .85) ,physical health was (72 .46 ± 17 .56) ,and mental health was (73 .29 ± 16 .87) .Multiple regression showed that number of chronic cases ,economic status ,age ,lifestyle were unhealthy situa‐tion factors .Community care needs of the top five in turn were regular inspection ,care and community experts ,high‐quality commu‐nity nurses ,health lectures ,and first aid care .Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of elderly community care needs revealed that sex (X1 ) ,occupation (X2 ) ,economic conditions (X3 ) ,inspection (X4 ) ,community care to understand the situation(X5 ) were fac‐tors ,Regression predict model:P=1/[1+Exp∑ (-2 .155+0 .612X1 -0 .121X2 +0 .173X3 +0 .211X4 +1 .107X5 )] .Conclusion Communities need to strengthen regular physical check for the elderly ,pay more attention to elderly male ,strengthen chronic dis‐ease management ,pension and health ,nutrition and health promotion ,enhance the training of personnel for community aged care , and change community care models .

Objective To summarize the experience of nursing patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods Fifity patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting were nursed by preoperative measures including metal nursing, blood pressure management, oxygen therapy, training of respiratory function, nursing of prepared bloods and postoperative ones including monitoring of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, medication of vasoactive agents, nursing of drainage tubes, monitoring of blood sugar and sustaining of electrolyte balance.Results Among the 50 cases, 6 had infections of incisional wound and 5 had the complication of rapid atrial fibrillation, all improved after medication. All other patients were cured and discharged except two deaths. No nursing-related complications occurred.Conclusion The off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting is highly risky and perioperative delicate nursing is critical for the success of the operation.

Objective To establish a better and easier method for producing resveratrol and soybean isoflavone from polydatin and genistin by microbic metabolic enzyme. Methods The fungal strain Aspergillus niger S was fermented with solid medium. The enzyme isolated from Aspergillus niger S was purified by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and column chromatography with Q sepharose fast flow and superdex G200. The purified enzyme could be used to transform both resveratrol and soybean isoflavone. An analytical method for all the transformed products was established by the improved RP-HPLC. The HPLC separation was performed using a C18 250mm?4.6mm column and a gradient elution program. The eluent was acetonitrile/0.1% acetic acid in a flow rate of 1ml/min. The wavelength for ultraviolet detection was 280nm. Results The molecular weight of the enzyme isolated from Aspergillus niger S was about 165 kD, which was quite different from other reported glucosidases. The optimal temperature for this enzyme was 50℃, and the enzymatic activity decreased when the temperature dropped below 40℃ or elevated over 60℃. The optimal pH values were 5-10, and the enzyme would lose its activity if the pH was below 4. It was revealed by improved RP-HPLC that the products were polydatin and genistin at 27min and 39min, respectively, before enzyme treatment, while the transformed products at 45min and 64min after the enzyme treatment were resveratrol and genistein, respectively. Conclusions This purified enzyme isolated from Aspergillus niger S can transform both resveratrol and soybean isoflavone from low active form to high active form. It is a convenient and accurate method for the determination of resveratrol and soybean isoflavone. This method may be very useful in industry as well as clinical experimentation.

Transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-?)signal pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy(DN)through inducing cell hypertrophy of glomerulus and renal tubule,accelerating the accumulation of extracellular matrix(ECM),and promoting glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis,etc.Smad was a newly discovered protein regulating the intracellular signal pathway of TGF-? super family.This article reviewed the studies on TGF-? signal pathway and its activating factors,roles and relevant treatments targeting the pathway in DN patients,hoping to provide references for the therapy and research of DN.

Objective:To study the influences of estrogen and progesteron on bone histomorphometry and renal expression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_3 receptor(VDR) mRNA in ovariectomized rats.Methods: Twenty-five adult female SD rats were equally randomized into 5 groups:sham-operation(Sham),ovariectomization(OVX),ovariectomization plus estrogen treatment(OVX+E),ovariectomization plus progesteron treatment(OVX+P) and ovariectomization plus both estrogen and progesteron(OVX+E+P) groups.All animals were killed to assess renal VDR mRNA expression by RT-PCR after 3.5 months feeding.Undecalcified proximal tibia was used to assess the bone histomorphometry with digitizing image analysis system.Results: OVX group,with weakened bone structure,had decreased cancellous bone and increased parameters of osteal formation and resorption compared with Sham,OVX+E and OVX+E+P groups(P

Objective:To study the effect of glucocorticoid receptor beta overexpression on the regulatory effect of glucocorticoid on proliferation and differentiation of human osteosarcoma cell and to investigate the biological significance of glucocorticoid receptor beta.Methods: Glucocorticoid receptor beta was stably transfected into human osteosarcoma cells and the stable transfectants were treated with different concentrations of dexamethasone(10~(-10)-10~(-6) mol/L).Then cell proliferation was determined by MTT method and viable cell counting;alkaline phosphatase was detected by standard hydroxybenzene colorimetry.Results and Conclusion: In stable transfectants overexpressing glucocorticoid receptor beta,glucocorticoid-induced cell proliferation repression and cell differentiation are inhibited,indicating that glucocorticoid receptor beta may be an endogenous inhibitor of glucocorticoid receptor alpha.

Objective:To observe the anti-tumor effect of T lymphocytes harboring anti-CD20 scFv-CD8-TCR? fusion gene on human B lymphomas in vitro and in vivo,so as to explore the feasibility of CD20-mediated autogenous T lymphocytes in killing B-cell lymphomas.Methods: A fusion gene containing anti-CD20 scFv,CD8 molecule and CD3? chain was constructed and was cloned into pcDNA3.After confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis,the fusion gene was used to transfect the human peripheral T lymphocytes through electroporation and expression of anti-CD20 scFv-CD8-TCR? fusion protein was induced.The CD20 antigen-recognition ability of transfected T cells was determined by flow cytometry.The killing effect of transfected T cells on B cell lymphomas-Raji cells was tested in a cytotoxicity assay.The antitumor efficacy of this gene-modified T cell against the Raji tumor cell line was also evaluated in BALB/c nude mice.Results: We successfully constructed the anti-CD20 scFv-CD8-TCR? fusion gene and expressed its protein on T cells.Flow cytometry and cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that the gene engineered T cells specifically recognized CD20 antigen and specifically inhibited B-cell lymphomas Raji cells.Furthermore,the T cells significantly inhibited the transplanted Raji cells in irradiated BALB/c nude mice.Conclusion: T lymphocytes transfected with anti-CD20 scFv-CD8-TCR? fusion gene have antigen-specific anti-tumor effect in vitro and in vivo,which lays a foundation for utilizing human T lymphocytes to treat human B-cell lymphomas.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effects and side effects of FAT (fludarabine,cytarabin,and topotecan)regimen for relapsed or refractory acute leukemia.Methods:The regiment consisted of Flu 25 mg/ (m2?d)iv 30 min,from dl to d5;Ara-C 1.0 or 2 g/ (m2?d)iv 4 h,from dl to d5,and Top 1.2 mg/(m2?d)iv 2h,form d1 to d3. G-CSF was to employ from WBC 4?109/L .9 cases of refractory or relapsed acute leukemia were treated with this regimen.Results:In all the 9 cases of leukemia,6 cases achieved the complete remission (6/9),1 case had achieved partly remission and 2 cases had no response .The main toxicities were myelosupression,fever,diarrhea and slight hepatic injury .Conclusion:FAT regiment shows favorable outcome for refractory or relapsed acute leukemia,and side effects can be tolerance .It can be employed for the patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia who had no response to the first line regimen or other salvage regimens and get a chance for further hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.