No abstract available.
Latex* ; Polystyrenes* ; Potassium Channels* ; Potassium* ; Vasospasm, Intracranial*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total* ; Sepsis*

No abstract available.

The effect of NDMA after oral administration (17 mg/ml) on the glycoconjugates of lingual von Ebner's gland and mucous gland were investigated with lectin histochemical methods. For lectin histochemical studies, the biotinylated lectins (DBA, PNA, SBA, BSL -1, sWGA, RCA -1, LCA, UEA -1, and ConA) were applied. Lectin binding patterns of glycoconjugates of lingual von Ebner's gland showed the decreased affinity for DBA, PNA, BSL -1 and sWGA in NDMA -treated group compared with control group. The remarkable decrease of binding affinity of NDMA -treated group was observed in PNA for 12 and 24 hours, DBA for 96 hours, BSL -1 for 72 hours, and sWGA for 3 hours, while the striking decrease of BSL -1 and sWGA binding was observed in NDMA -treated group for 12 hours. But these decreases of binding were tended to recover in PNA and sWGA after 72 hours of NDMA treatment, and in DBA after 120 hours. The binding affinity of SBA and RCA -1 was decreased in NDMA -treated group for 3 hours, while the other NDMA -treated group showed an increased affinity. Especially, the increase of SBA binding was remarkable. There was a little change in binding affinity of UEA -1, LCA and Con A in NDMA -treated group. Lectin binding patterns of glycoconjugates of lingual mucous gland showed decreased affinities for SBA, sWGA and UEA -1 in NDMA -treated group. The striking decreases of binding affinity for NDMA -treated group was observed in SBA and sWGA for 3 hours, and UEA -1 for 3 and 24 hours. And the remarkable decreases of binding affinity for NDMA -treated group was found in SBA for 24 and 48 hours, sWGA for 48, 72 and 96 hours, and UEA -1 for 48 hours. These decreases of binding affinity of NDMA -treated group were tended to recover in SBA and UEA -1 after 96 hours and in sWGA after 120 hours. The binding affinity for PNA and ConA showed a little but not remarkable increase in NDMA - treated group, and LCA binding showed a little decrease following a little increase in NDMA - treated group. The affinity of DBA binding was decreased in NDMA -treated group for 12 hours and 24 hours, while the other NDMA -treated group showed an increased affinity. Especially, there was a remarkable increase in NDMA -treated group for 96 hours. From these results, it is suggested that the toxicity of NDMA may be related with the carcinogen of the rat tongue, and glycoconjugates are concerned with the repaire of the destruction of the lingual mucous acini.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Dimethylnitrosamine* ; Glycoconjugates* ; Lectins ; Rats* ; Salivary Glands* ; Strikes, Employee ; Tongue ; von Ebner Glands

Eosinophilic esophagitis, as a new emerging disease during the last decade, is a clinicopathologic disorder of the esophagus, and it is characterized by dense esophageal eosinophilic infiltrations and typical esophageal symptoms. These patients usually present with dysphagia, food impaction or refractory reflux symptoms, and biopsy of the esophagus shows more than 15 eosinophils per high-power field. The typical findings on endoscopy are linear furrows, ringed esophagus, mucosal nodularities, whitish plaques and/or stricture. It is essential to exclude the known causes of tissue eosinophilia such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, infections, drug, hypersensitivity, Crohn's disease or malignancy. The majority of these patients have an atopy or allergic disorders, so other causes of eosinphilia should be evaluated. The therapeutic options include acid suppression, steroids, dietary modification, endoscopic dilatation, etc. Eosinophilic esopahgitis has recently been reported in Korea. Future schematic studies about this new disease are needed.
Biopsy ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Crohn Disease ; Deglutition Disorders ; Dilatation ; Endoscopy ; Enteritis ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophilic Esophagitis ; Eosinophils ; Esophagus ; Food Habits ; Gastritis ; Gastroenteritis ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Korea ; Steroids

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has a chronicity and its symptoms wax and wane by proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. Chronic consumption of PPI in the patients with GERD is common, and we can cope with a PPI failure or refractory GERD. Therefore, we review various alternative modalities for chronic PPI treatment and an approach for refractory GERD. PPI has a potential for side effects. Many studies have been published the side effects of long-term PPI using. Mostly clinical level of evidence is weak and the absolute risk is low, however we may discuss the patients who need long-term PPI therapy about the controversial side effects, and manage those appropriately.
Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Humans ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; Prescriptions ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; Proton Pumps ; Protons ; Safety Management

Maligant melanomas of the oral or nasal cavity, and the vulvovaginal area are relatively common among the melanomas of non-ocular mucosa. But, primary malignant melanoma arising in the mucosa of the palatine tonsil is rare. We present a case of primary malignant melanoma arising in the mucosa of the palatine tonsil. A 36-year-old male was admitted for evaluation of a recurrent sore throat. Tonsillectomy was performed on the basis of clinical suspicion of chronic tonsillitis. Grossly, the left tonsil was focally dark. Microscopically, the tonsillar mucosa was diffusely infiltrated with tumor cells. Tumor cells revealed numerous melanin pigments. Intraepithelial nests of tumor cells were noted, but pagetoid spread of tumor cells was not found. Tumor cells were positive for S-100 protein and HMB45 stain. There was no evidence of melanoma in the skin or eye.
Male ; Humans

Clopidogrel prevent atherothrombotic complications following acute coronary syndromes by inhibiting platelet aggregation. However, in case of concomitant use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for prophylaxis of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, the anti-clotting of clopidogrel will be decreased because PPI inhibit competitively cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP2C19. Through several pharmacodynomic studies, omeprazole, but not other PPIs, worsens surrogate markers (e.g., platelet reactivity index) of clopidogrel efficacy. And many observational studies show concomitant use of clopidogrel and PPI have increased the risks of cardiovascular (CV) events (hazard/odds ratios = 1.25-1.5). However, only one prospective randomized trial (COGENT trial) of omeprazole vs. placebo in clopidogrel users show no difference in CV events (hazard ratio = 1.02) and decrease the risk of GI bleeding (hazard ratio = 0.13). Further well designed research will need to determine whether a pharmacodynamic effect of clopidogrel affected by PPI will be changed clinical CV events. Clinical decisions about concomitant use of PPI and clopidogrel must be balance overall risks and benefits, considering both CV and GI complications.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Biomarkers ; Blood Platelets ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Drug Interactions ; Hemorrhage ; Omeprazole ; Platelet Aggregation ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; Proton Pumps ; Protons ; Risk Assessment ; Ticlopidine

No abstract available.
Angelica*

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical effects of a single high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) combined with initial dexamethasone as a primary treatment on Kawasaki disease (KD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2008 and December 2010, we reviewed the medical records of 216 patients with complete KD patients that were admitted to a single medical center. 106 patients were treated with a single high dose of IVIG (2 g/kg) alone and 110 patients received IVIG and dexamethasone (0.3 mg/kg per day for three days). RESULTS: The combined IVIG plus dexamethasone patient group had a significantly shorter febrile period and duration of hospital stay (1.4+/-0.7 days vs. 2.0+/-1.2 days, p<0.001; 5.8+/-1.7 days vs. 6.9+/-2.5 days, p<0.001, respectively) than the IVIG alone group. The combined IVIG plus dexamethasone group required IVIG retreatment significantly less than the IVIG only group (12.7% vs. 32%, p=0.003). After completion of the initial IVIG, C-reactive protein levels in the combined IVIG plus dexamethasone group were significantly lower than those in the IVIG only group (2.7+/-4.0 mg/dL vs. 4.6+/-8.7 mg/dL, p=0.03). In the combined IVIG plus dexamethasone group, the incidence of coronary artery lesions tended to be lower without worse outcomes at admission after initial infusion of IVIG and in follow-up at two months; however, the differences were not significant (8.2% vs. 11.3%, p=0.22; 0.9% vs. 2.8%, p=0.29). CONCLUSION: Initial combined therapy with dexamethasone and a single high-dose of IVIG resulted in an improved clinical course, in particular a shorter febrile period, less IVIG retreatment, and shorter hospital stay without worse coronary outcomes.
Child, Preschool ; Dexamethasone/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Fever/drug therapy ; Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Infant ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/*drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome