Objective:To investigate the profile of the distribution and antibiotic resistances of clinic pathogenic microorganism isolated from 2004 to 2007.Methods:The microorganisms were isolated from clinical samples according to the guides of standard operation protoco1.Identification and antibiotic sensitivity tests were done by Vitek2 and ATB Express system.Results:A total of 10 700 bacteria were isolated,most of which are gram-negative rods.The dynamic analysis of the bacteria distribution showed that infections caused by gram positive coccus exhibited a decreasing tendency,while the infections caused by the P aeruginosa were increasing significantly.The dynamic analysis of antibiotic resistance showed that E coli,K pneumoniae,A baumanii,P aeruginosa were totally sensitive to Imipenem,Meropenem,Amikacin,Piperacillin-tazobactam.Vancomycin,Teicoplanin,Nitrofurantoin exhibited strong anti-bacterial activities against Staphylococcus spp and Enterococcus spp.The dynamic analysis results indicated that the resistance rates to carbapenem in P aeruginosa and A baumanii were increasing sharply.Conclusion:The major clinical pathogenic microorganisms in our hospital were Gram negative rods.Isolating rate of P aeruginosa showed an obviously increasing tendency.The antibiogram profiles of microorganisms have changed obviously,especially the ratios of P aeruginosa and A baumanii that are resistant to carbapenem rose significantly,which suggested the two kinds of organisms were in prevalence in our hospital especially in ICU words.

Objective: To establish a rapid,simple and accurate genotyping method for the epidermical investigation of nosocomial infection caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,and to explore the relationship between the genotyping and the drug-resistant profiles.Methods: Fourteen strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from clinic were genotyped by the techenic of Rep-PCR with the primer of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus(ERIC),and the results of Rep-PCR were analyzed and compared with the patterns of antibiotic susceptibility.Results: All 14 strains involved in this study exhibited nine antibiotic susceptibility patterns.Of which 13 strains exhibited 5 different genotypes.There were no defined relationship between the results of the genotyping and the drug-resistant profiles.Conclusion: The Rep-PCR techenic used in this study is simple and repreducible for genotyping of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.It is valuable in the molecular epidemiological investigation of nosocomial infection.

Objective:To investigate the profile of the distribution and drug resistances of clinic pathogenic microorganism isolated in 2005.Methods:The microorganisms were isolated from clinical samples according to the guides of standard operation protocol.Antibiotic sensitivity tests were done by the method of micro broth dilution tests and the values of the MIC were compared by the guides of American Clinical Laboratory Standard Institution.Results:In total 2352 isolated strains,most of them were Gram negative bacilli and mainly caused respiratory tract infection.The isolating rates for Candida spp and Enterococcus spp have increased dramatically compared with the results of 2004.The ten pathogens ranking top isolating rates were Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Candida albicans,Acinetobacter baumannii,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Enterococcus faecalis,Candida tropicalis,Enterobacter cloacae,Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus haemolyticus respectively.The antibiotics exhibiting high activity against common gram-negative bacilli such as Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were imipenem,meraopenem,amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam.Vancomycin,teicoplanin and nitrofurantoin remained high activity against Enterococcus spp and Staphylococcus spp.Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis were susceptible to amphotericin B,fluconazole,and itraconazole.Conclusion:The species of pathogens causing clinical infections and the profiles of their drug resistance have presented obvious variation,especially the pathogens that cause nosocomial infections exhibit high degree of resistance to the antibiotics that conventionally used in clinics.The surveillance of drug resistance is important in the guiding practice of clinical infection control.

Objective To investigate the regularity and characteristic of adverse drug reaction (ADR).Method 987 ADR cases collected in our hospital from 2005 to2010 were analysed statistically.Results Numbers of ADR reports increased quickly.The incidence of new and severe ADR increased every year.Numbers of ADR reports written by nurses and pharmacists increased every year.The incidence of ADR in female was higher than in male.Antimicrobials showed the highest proportion (76.46％) among all kinds of drugs which were involved in these ADR cases.Among all antimicrobials,penicilins which advanced cephalosporins and quinolones showed the highest proportion.83.49％ which were largest were caused by intravenous administration.Main clinical manifestation were lesion of skin and its appendants (44.66％).Conclusion Publicity and training of ADR knowledge,ADR monitoring and rational drug use should be strengthened in order to use drug safely.

The paper describes the drawbacks of hospitals neglecting personnel centered management and sets forth ways of conducting such management. They include strengthening cultural construction, implementing impartial management, and setting good examples by leading officials.

With the change of clinical infection patterns,increasing number of multi-drug resistance bacteria and emerging of new discovering pathogens,the knowledge of Clinical Microbiology has developed and updated rapidly.It will produce positive effect on students'competence cultivation to introduce the knowledge about new techniques application and related subjects in student's clinical teaching practice.

DNA repair gene polymorphism can change the functions and efficiency of DNA repair,influence cancer susceptibility.Many studies have been reported that DNA damage repair gene polymorphisms may be related to cancer susceptibility mutation in a variety of tumors and plays an important role in the pathological process.In addition,DNA damage repair genes may interact with other genes,the combined effect of tumor occurrence,development.Lung cancer is the well-studied tumor in this respect.In this paper,DNA damage repair gene XRCC and hOGG1 polymorphisms biological characteristics,these gene single nucleotide polymorphisms as well as cancer susceptibility were reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for the tumor prevention,diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the optimal surgical timing for rib internal fixation.Methods The clinical data of 143 patients with rib fracture were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into early phase fixation group (62 cases) and late phase fixation group (81 cases) according to the time from trauma to internal fixation.The ratio blood lose and body surface area,pulmonary complications and the changes of C reactive protein level before and 5 days after operation were recorded and compared.Results All the patients were healing.The median C reactive protein before operation in late phase fixation group was 45 mg/L,in early phase fixation group was 23 mg/L,there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.01).The ratio blood lose and body surface area in early phase fixation group was (334.19 ± 37.53) ml/m2,the rate of pulmonary complications was 22.6％(14/61),in late phase fixation group was (438.99 ± 55.24) ml/m2 and 38.3％ (31/81),there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).The median C reactive protein 5 days after operation in early phase fixation group was 189 mg/L,in late phase fixation group was 258 mg/L,there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Early phase (72 hours) rib internal fixation is expected to reduce patient trauma of systemic reactions,reduce the incidence of bleeding and pulmonary complications.

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro release degree, release mechanism and dose dumping of test tablet and reference tablet Lyrica® CR. The in vivo pharmacokinetics of the test tablet and the reference tablet were further investigated using the Beagle dog as a model. Methods: With Pfizer's pregabalin sustained-release tablets(Lyrica® CR)as the reference listed drug, the in vitro release behavior was evaluated using an automatic dissolution apparatus, and similarity factor(f2)method was used to analyze the in vitro release similarity between the reference tablet and the test tablet. The in vitro release equation was fitted to evaluate the drug release mechanism. Study was conducted on dose dumping of preparations based on the relevant guiding principles of the United States, Europe and China. Finally, the pharmacokinetic parameters of the test tablet and the reference tablet in Beagle dogs were compared. Results: The f2 of the test tablet and the reference tablet were more than 80 in all five release media, and there was no sudden release in the release medium containing ethanol. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the reference tablet and the test tablet were as follows: The Tmax was(6.00±2.19)and(4.00±2.19)h, the Cmax was(19.35±11.43)and(17.25±7.77)μg/ml, and the AUC0-t was(340.37± 220.66)and(281.65 ± 196.25)h•μg/ml for the reference tablet and the test tablet, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the release curve of the test tablet was similar to that of the reference tablet in the five media. The drug was released slowly without sudden release, and the release mechanism in vitro was similar. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between the test tablet and the reference tablet in beagle dogs, and the relative bioavailability was more than 80%.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of deferoxamine preconditioning against hypoxia injury in astrocytes and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Astrocytes were cultured under ischemia stress, which was mimicked by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) with deferoxamine. Astrocytes were divided into three groups: normally cultured group; Deferoxamine pretreated group: astrocytes were pretreated with Deferoxamine and then treated with Deferoxamine OGD; and OGD group; astrocytes were treated with Deferoxamine OGD. The cell viability examination, the ratio of condensed nuclei, and the morphological changes were used to assess the protective effect of deferoxamine. The expression of HIF-1a and EPO protein and mRNA in astrocytes was examined by immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR, respectively. Results: The morphology of AS in the deferoxamine pretreated group kept intact. AS viability in deferoxamine pretreated group was 58% of the normally cultured group, and that in the OGD group was 25% of the normally cultured group (P<0. 05). The ratio of condensed nuclei in deferoxamine pretreated group was 38% and that in OGD group was 30% (P<0. 05). Immunofluorescence staining found that expression HIF-1a, and EPO protein appeared in cultured astrocytes after deferoxamine pretreatment. RT-PCR confirmed that mRNA of HIF-1a and EPO was up-regulated after deferoxamine pretreatment. Conclusion: Deferoxamine preconditioning can protect the astrocytes from hypoxia damage, which is related to deferoxamine-induced increase of HIF-1a and EPO expression.