Obesity is caused by the imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure. It is also influenced by genetic factors. Many genes,such as ob gene, ? 3 receptor gene, ucp 1 gene, may involved in the prevalence of obesity. Pharmacologic treatments include anorexigenic agents, lipase inhibitor, ? 3 receptor agonists and many newer antiobesity drugs, which provide prospective ways in treating obesity.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TNF-? on osteoclast differentiation in primary murine bone marrow cell culture with and without RANKL. Methods: M-CSF-dependent bone marrow cells were isolated from 5-6 weeks old mice, and cultured in the presence of M-CSF (25 ?g/L) with different concentrations of TNF-? (0, 1, 10, 100 ?g/L) for 5 days, the formation of TRAP(+) multinucleated cells was observed. These cells were also cultured in the presence of both RANKL (30 ?g/L) and M-CSF (25 ?g/L) with or without 10 ?g/L TNF-? for 4, 5, 6 and 9 days. The number of TRAP(+) multinucleated cells and resorption pits on dentine slices were counted under light microscope. Results: In the absence of RANKL, TNF-? was unable to induce osteoclast formation from murine bone marrow precursors. In the presence of RANKL, TNF-? augmented osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, and this effect occurred only on the early stage. Conclusion: TNF-? enhances RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and function, but can’t substitute for RANKL. TNF-? stimulates osteoclast differentiation, but not survival.

A new method based on convolution kernel compensation (CKC) for decomposing multi-channel surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals is proposed in this paper. Unsupervised learning and clustering function of self-organizing map (SOM) neural network are employed in this method. An initial innervations pulse train (IPT) is firstly estimated, some time instants corresponding to the highest peaks from the initial IPT are clustered by SOM neural network. Then the final IPT can be obtained from the observations corresponding to these time instants. In this paper, the proposed method was tested on the simulated signal, the influence of signal to noise ratio (SNR), the number of groups clustered by SOM and the number of highest peaks selected from the initial pulse train on the number of reconstructed sources and the pulse accuracy were studied, and the results show that the proposed approach is effective in decomposing multi-channel sEMG signals.
Algorithms ; Cluster Analysis ; Electromyography ; Neural Networks (Computer)

Objective:To analyze the pulpal prognosis of replanted permanent teeth in children and to examine the associated factors .Methods:The samples consisted of 67 children with 81 avulsed perma-nent teeth treated in Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from 2000 to 2012 .Their clinical data of the replanted teeth were collected , and the follow-up period was no less than 12 months.The pulpal prognosis was classified as pulp necrosis and pulp non-necrosis .Results: The replantation within 30 minutes after avulsion led to the most significant increase in pulpal healing (P<0.05).The dental pulp of 80% ( 4/5 ) young permanent teeth replanted within 30 minutes remained vital , while all the teeth replanted after 30 minutes developed pulp necrosis within 60 days after replantation .Conclusion: The extra-alveolar period significantly affects the prognosis of pulp in immature permanent teeth after replanta-tion.When the extra-alveolar period is more than 30 minutes, the chance of pulp revascularization after replantation is very low , therefore pulp extirpation should be performed .

Objective To evaluate the hepatocyte function and ultramicrostructure of marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs) derivation hepatocyte like cells. Methods MMSCs were isolated from fetal marrow. MMSCs were cultured and induced in vitro in 1% Matrigel as matrix, 2.5 ?mol/ml azacitidine (AZA) pretreatment for 10～12 h, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) 10 ng/ml+fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) 10 ng/ml+hepatocyte growth medium (HGM). Albumin (ALB) level in culture supernatant was determined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), capability for dealing with ammonia into urea was detected with urease method, staining for glycogen of undifferentiated MMSCs and MMSCs derivated hepatocyte like cell at induction days 7, 14, 21 and 28 was conducted with periodic acid Schiff's (PAS) test, ultramicrostructure of MMSCs was observed by electromicroscope. Results Undifferentiated MMSCs did not produce ALB and urea. Following treatment with FGF4 and HGF, ALB and urea production by induced MMSCs increased in a time dependent manner. Glycogen storage was first seen by day 14, and maximum levels were seen after day 28, enhancement of glycogen staining for induced MMSCs showed that hepatocyte like cell had glycogen synthesis capability. Undifferentiated MMSCs possessed the construction features of juvenile cell. Induced MMSCs at day 28 had differentiated and had the polarity construction features of epithelioid cell. Conclusions The induced MMSCs has hepatocyte specific construction and functional features.

Objective:To investigate the effect of TGF-? on osteoclast differentiation in primary murine bone marrow cell culture in the presence of receptor activator of NF-?B Ligand(RANKL) and macrophage colony stimulating facotr(M-CSF).Methods:M-CSF-dependent bone marrow cells were isolated from 5~6 weeks old mice,and cultured in the presence of RANKL at 30 ng/ml and M-CSF at 25 ng/ml with or without 1 ng/ml of TGF-? for 4 and 9 days respectively.TRAP positive multinucleated cells and resorption pits on dentine slices were counted under light microscope.Results:TRAP positive multinucleated cells were induced from murine bone marrow cell cultures with both RANKL and M-CSF,and these cells formed resorption pits on dentine slices.The number of TRAP positive multinucleated cells and resorption pits were significantly increased by 1 ng/ml of TGF-?(P

Objective:To analyze the prognosis about periodontal ligament healing of replanted perma-nent teeth in children and to examine the associated factors.Methods: The sample consisted of 49 children with 61 avulsed permanent teeth, whose injuries had been managed in the period from 2000 to 2012.The clinical data of replanted teeth were collected, and the follow-up period was no less than 12 months .The factors were analyzed in relation to postoperative outcomes, classified as functional periodon-tal healing ( FH ) , infection-related ( inflammatory ) resorption ( IRR ) and replacement resorption ( RR) .Results:The functional healing rate was 23.0%, while replacement resorption rate was 72.1%. The replacement resorption ( ankylosis ) was usually observed earlier by clinical examination than by radiographic examination.86.0% (40/47) resorptive processes were diagnosed within the first year. Physiological storages, such as milk, saline and saliva were significantly better to periodontal ligament healing than nonphysiological storages, such as tap water and sterilizing solutions ( chloramine and alco-hol) .Functional healing was found significantly more frequent in canines and premolars.Conclusion:The factor significantly affecting periodontal ligament healing is storage medium.Replacement resorption is the most common type of root resorption.The replacement resorption diagnosis must combine the radio-graphic examination with the clinical examination.It is better to follow up more than 1 year after tooth re-plantation.

Indoor microbial contamination of the buildings and the related health impacts has been more and more concerned by the public.The indoor microbial contaminants contain bacteria,virus,fungus,dust mites,pollen and so on,and the source is diversity.Many studies at home and abroad have found that the microbial contaminants in different kinds of the buildings like the public places,schools,living rooms and so on are very popular,sometimes quite high level.Indoor microbial contamination can cause adverse impact on health of the exposed population,such as some infectious diseases,allergenic symptoms/diseases,even cancers.

Objective To know the microbial pollution in the indoor air of classrooms and dormitories in a university and analyze the possible impact factors.Methods In April and May,2007,the indoor air sampling was conducted and the total count of air microbe in indoors was determined in eight classrooms and twenty dormitories by the impacting method.Results According to the related national hygienic standard of China, the total count of air microbe in all classrooms was qualified, the total count of air microbe in the dormitories was all qualified, but it was higher in male's dormitories compared with female's.Conclusion In general, there was not obviously indoor microbial pollution in the investigated university.

0.05) . Conclusion Air pollution can increase the risk of low birth weight and preterm birth in the exposed pregnant women.