In forensic case, the location diagnosis determination of drowning has been one of the most important and dififcult diagnosis. Then diatom test is considered to be a relatively reliable method for the diagnosis of drowning. According to community characteristics inferred from diatoms into the different water region has been credibility. The study of the diatoms in different waters identiifcation is reference to the determination of the body drowned into the water area. In this paper, the research progress of diatom relevant biological characteristics and test methods on review for forensic workers is related to the further research and reference case in practice.

Objective This report performed an retrospective analysis on 103 cases of falling accident by exploring the relationship between falling height and injury, horizontal distance, types of cases. Method All the statistics were collected from cases between 2001~2015 in Kunming, and calculated by spss17.0. Result Skull fracture was commonly seen in cases with falling height above 11m. And rib fracture was commonly seen in cases with the height above 21m. A positive correlation between falling height and horizontal distance was found in this experiment. Suicide was more common in case with height above 11m and horizontal distance above 1.1m. Conclusion Injury and horizontal distance can serve as a supplementary index to evaluate falling height and the types of cases.

Objective Acquiring genetic information of Y-SNPs and Y-STRs genetic makers from samples with the surname of Kong, which is useful for exploring the correlation between surname and Y chromosome in forensic applications studies.Methods Two multiplex genotyping assays and SNaPshot assay were used to analyze 255 unrelated male blood samples who share the same surname Kong and 330 unrelated male blood samples obtained randomly. 17 Y-STRs were typed for the surname Kong population samples. The software Arlequin 3.5.1.2 and the program Network 4.6.1.1 were used for data statistical analysis.Results 13 haplogroups were observed. The highest haplogroup frequency in the two populations were O3a2c1a-M117 (21.57%, 14.85%). 196 haplotypes in Kong population deifned by 17 Y-STRs locus were obtained and the haplotype diversity was 0.9939. 14-12-25-28-19-15-12-19-12-11-12-22-12-11-14-10-19 is the typical haplotype. Median Joining algorithm and Mismatch Distribution were adopted to analyze the Y-STR haplotye under haplogroup O3-M122, and the result shows that there are two “central star” distribution. Conclusion Combined with Y-SNP and Y-STR analysis showed that the Kong population had experienced complicated exchanges and expansion or continued growth, which has more than one surname origin. Hence, its population genetic structure and historical differences have potential applications in forensic science.

Objective T o detect the genotype of A B O blood group by SN aPshot technology. Methods D N A w ere extracted from the peripheral blood sam ples w ith know n blood groups (obtained by serology) of 107 unrelated individuals in Y unnan. Six SN P loci of the 261th, 297th, 681th, 703th, 802th, and 803th nucleotide positions w ere detected by SN aPshot M ultiplex kit, and relevant genetics param eters w ere cal-culated. Results In 107 blood sam ples, the allele frequencies of types A , B , O A, and O G w ere 0.3551, 0.1682, 0.2300 and 0.2476, respectively, w hile that of types A G and cis A B w ere not detected. T he geno-typing results of A B O blood group w ere consistent w ith that of serologic testing. Conclusion SN aPshot technology can be adapted for genotyping of A B O blood group.

Objective To explore an anatomical basis for the lateral tarsal artery pedicle flap on front and lateral compartment of leg and the feasibility of repairing skin defects on forepart of feet. Methods The branches, course and anastomosis of the lateral tarsal artery, perforator of peroneal artery up external malleolus, superficial peroneal artery were studied in 20 legs of adult cadavers.The flap was designed on these grounds. 8 cases repaired by lateral tarsal artery pedicle flap on front and lateral compartment of leg, 5 cases of skin defects on dorsum of foots, 3 cases of skin defects on footplates.The area of defect on forepart of foot was 5 cm× 4 cm-cm × 5 cm. The donor sites were resurfaced with skin grafts or sutured directly. The lateral tarsal artery, perforator of peroneal artery up external malleolus, perforator of anterior tibial artery superficial peroneal artery were anastomosed each other, formed single band blood vessel axle on lateral foot, fore external malleolus, front and lateral compartment of leg. The area of flap was 6 cm × 4 cm - 10 cm × 6 cm.Results All of the flaps survived completely. All cases were followed up, followed up 6- 12 months, averaged 8 months. The color, appearance and texture of the flaps were good, without ulcer on the flap. The patients can walk freely. Conclusion The flap on front and lateral compartment of leg should be designed according to the lateral tarsal artery. Blood supply of flap was reliable, little trauma. The flap's vessel pedicle is enough long. It could repair any defect on forepart of foots.

Objective The aim of this study was to establish a reasonable protocol for a rat model of ferric chloride-induced carotid arterial thrombosis by ultrasonic continuous evaluation.Methods Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups and then treated with 20％,30％,40％ or 50％ concentrations of FeCl3,respectively.The vascular conditions were evaluated by 14L ultrasonic probe,at 10 mins,15 mins,and 20 mins.We then selected the best group through the examination of the rate of spontaneous reperfusion of blood vessels and the rate of reperfusion after intravenous injection of urokinase.At the end of the experiment,vessels were fixed in 10％ formalin solution and stained with HE.Results After external application of FeCl3 on rat common carotid artery for 20 mins,the artery occlusion rate was 100％,20％,0％ and 0％ in animals receiving 50％,40％,30％ and 20％ FeCl3,respectively.After external application of FeCl3 on rat common carotid artery for 120 mins,the spontaneous revascularization rate was 0％ in 50％ concentration group whereas were 100％ in rest other groups (P＜ 0.001).In 50％ concentration group,the partial recanalization rate was 40％ after intravenous injection of urokinase.HE staining revealed that the thrombus was dense and the lumen was partially recanalized after the urokinase intervention in 50％ concentration group.Conclusion By use of uultrasonic continuous evaluation of ferric chloride-induced thrombosis of rat common carotid artery,we have demonstrated that external application of 50％ ferric chloride solution for 20 mins is effective for the formation of thrombus model,which may be suitable for the studv of thrombolysis.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from chromosomes X and 20 with androgenetic alopecia among ethnic Han population from Yunnan province.

METHODSAn eight-SNP co-amplification protocol was developed for the genotyping with a SNaPshot platform. A case-control study was carried out for the 8 SNPs from chromosomes X and 20 in 115 androgenetic alopecia cases and 125 healthy controls. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS17.0, Haploview4.2, SHEsis and MDR software.

RESULTSNo association was found between the two groups with regard to the 4 SNPs located on the X chromosome. The genotypic frequencies of rs2180439, rs913063 and rs1160312 were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). The frequency of T allele of rs2180439 was significantly higher in the case group (P < 0.05). The frequencies of A alleles of rs913063 and rs1160312 were significantly higher in the case group (P < 0.05). The haplotypes of C-T-C-G, T-C-C-G and T-T-A-A based on rs6137444-rs2180439-rs913063-rs1160312 showed significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). rs6137444, rs21804393 and rs1160312 have a strong association with androgenetic alopecia.

CONCLUSIONThe 4 SNPs located on chromosome X were all monomorphic among ethnic Hans from Yunnan. The rs6152, rs16990427, rs1352015, rs1385699 SNPs located on chromosome 20 are associated with androgenetic alopecia in the same population. Individuals with T allele of rs2180439 and A allele of rs913063 and rs1160312 are more likely to develop androgenetic alopecia.

Adult ; Alopecia ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; ethnology ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective:To explore the effect of staged rehabilitation nursing in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.Methods:From January 2021 to December 2022, convenience sampling was used to select 73 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in the Department of Hand Surgery at Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University as participants. According to the random number table method, patients were divided into a control group ( n=36) and an observation group ( n=37). Control group received routine rehabilitation nursing, while observation group received staged rehabilitation nursing. The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Rating Scale score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Rating Scale score, Constant-Murley Shoulder Scale score, and complications during rehabilitation were compared between two groups of patients before and six months after intervention. Results:Six months after surgery, both groups showed an increase in UCLA scores and ASES scores compared to before the intervention ( P<0.05), and the scores of observation group were higher than those of control group, with statistical differences ( P<0.05). Six months after surgery, the Constant-Murley Shoulder Scale scores for daily life and shoulder range of motion in observation group were higher than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). During the rehabilitation period, the incidence of complications in observation group was lower than that in control group with a statistical difference ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Staged rehabilitation nursing in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair shows significant effects and can effectively promote patient recovery.

Objective To analyze the correlation between smoking and occurrence of intracranial artery stenosis.Methods From June 2015 to May 2016,a total of 10 711 inpatients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic stroke from 20 basel hospitals of nationwide were enrolled using a cross-sectional study,76 patients with unknown smoking and smoking cessation years were excluded.Finally,a total of 10 635 patients were enrolled.Transcranial color coded sonography and/or transcranial Doppler were used evaluate the intracranial artery stenosis lesions.The basic risk factors for cerebrovascular disease (age,sex,smoking and smoking years,whether smoking cessation and years,hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,atrial fibrillation,and family history of stroke) were recorded.According to the different smoking years,the smoking years were divided into five groups:non-smoking,smoking time ≤10-year,11 to 20-year,21 to 30-year,and >30-year groups for trend chi square test.According to the different smoking cessation years in the smokers,the smoking cessation years were divided into four groups:non-cessation,cessation time 1 to 10-year,11 to 20-year,and >20-year groups for trend chi square test.The effects of different smoking years and different smoking cessation years on the occurrence of intracranial arterial stenosis were analyzed.Results The incidence of intracranial artery stenosis in the smokers (40.4%[1 433/3 547]) was significantly higher than that in the non-smoking patients (29.4%[2 085/7 088]).There was significant difference (χ2=128.850,P<0.01),and the incidence of cerebral infarction in the smokers (91.6%[3 250/3 547]) was significantly higher than the non-smokers (85.0%[6 027/7 088]).There was significant difference (χ2=92.328,P<0.01).Smoking was an independent risk factor for intracranial artery stenosis (OR,1.603;95%CI 1.456-1.765;P<0.01).With the increase of smoking years,the detection rate of intracranial arterial stenosis increased gradually (trend χ2=115.437,P<0.01).Whether giving up smoking had no significant effect on the incidence of intracranial artery stenosis in patients with ≥20 years of smoking (trend χ2=1.043,P=0.307).Conclusions Smoking is an independent risk factor for affecting intracranial artery stenosis;the risk of disease increases with the number of smoking years.Long-term smokers (≥20 years) cannot reduce the effect on intracranial artery stenosis,even if they give up smoking.

Objective To investigate the effect of serum lipid level on carotid artery stenosis in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Methods Using a multi-center cross-sectional study,10 711 consecutive inpatients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic stroke diagnosed clearly in 20 stroke screening and prevention project base hospitals from June 2015 to May 2016 were enrolled.According to the results of carotid ultrasonography,1 560 patients with extracranial carotid artery stenosis rate≥50% screened were enrolled in the study.They were divided into a severe stenosis group (70%-99%) and a mild-moderate stenosis group (<70%).The distribution of total cholesterol (TC),triacylglycerol (TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in both groups of carotid stenosis patients were analyzed,and the quantitative classification was based on the normal range of serum lipids.The distributions of serum lipid levels in different grades in patients of both groups were compared with the non-parameter test.Results The incidence of dyslipidemia in the severe stenosis group was higher than that in the mild and moderate stenosis group.There was no significant difference between the two groups (54.4%[319/586]vs.48.3%[470/974],P<0.05).Dyslipidemia was an independent risk factor for severe carotid artery stenosis (OR,1.27,95% CI 1.24-1.30,P<0.01).The TC and LDL-C levels in patients of the severe stenosis group were significantly higher than those in the mild-moderate stenosis group (TC:3.98[3.31,4.82]mmol/L vs.3.91[3.31,4.53]mmol/L,LDL-C:2.48[1.86,3.14]vs.2.30[1.79,2.80];all P<0.01).With the increase of TC and LDL-C levels,there was significant differences between the severe stenosis group and the mild-moderate stenosis group (all P<0.05),and the proportions of TC >5.80 mmol/L (7.3%[43/586]vs.0.4%[4/974]) and LDL-C>3.12 mmol/L (26.3%[154/586]vs.10.0%[97/974]) in patients of the severe stenosis group were higher than those in the mild-moderate stenosis group (26.3%[154/586]vs.10.0%[97/974]).Conclusion The high LDL-C and TC levels may increase the incidence of severe carotid artery stenosis or occlusion.