Objective To get knowledge of the indoor air pollution states in the newly renovated apartments in Xi’an city, and explore the relationship among the major pollutants and the relationship between the pollutants and the differences of seasons. Methods From January, 2006 to May, 2007, we randomly selected 138 newly renovated (3 months or less) apartments in the urban area of Xi’an city, tested their indoor (including bedrooms, living room, dining room, kitchen, bathrooms, study, a total of 597) content of formaldehyde, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), ammonia, benzene, toluene and xylene. Results Among which were detected in all of the pollutants, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and formaldehyde own the highest exceeding rates, respectively 69.8% and 60.8%. They are followed by ammonia, whose exceeding rate is 13.2%, xylene which has the highest exceeding rate among the benzene compounds, 8.7%. We did comparative analysis of the concentration in different types of rooms for the pollutants which are among the top four in exceeding rate ranks, and found that only for formaldehyde, there is significant difference in statistics (P

Indoor microbial contamination of the buildings and the related health impacts has been more and more concerned by the public.The indoor microbial contaminants contain bacteria,virus,fungus,dust mites,pollen and so on,and the source is diversity.Many studies at home and abroad have found that the microbial contaminants in different kinds of the buildings like the public places,schools,living rooms and so on are very popular,sometimes quite high level.Indoor microbial contamination can cause adverse impact on health of the exposed population,such as some infectious diseases,allergenic symptoms/diseases,even cancers.

Objective To know the microbial pollution in the indoor air of classrooms and dormitories in a university and analyze the possible impact factors.Methods In April and May,2007,the indoor air sampling was conducted and the total count of air microbe in indoors was determined in eight classrooms and twenty dormitories by the impacting method.Results According to the related national hygienic standard of China, the total count of air microbe in all classrooms was qualified, the total count of air microbe in the dormitories was all qualified, but it was higher in male's dormitories compared with female's.Conclusion In general, there was not obviously indoor microbial pollution in the investigated university.

Objective To explore the association between the minimum temperature in different seasons and the hospital emergency room visits for cardiocerebrovascular diseases(International Classification of Diseases,tenth vision ICD-10:I00-I99) in Beijing,China.Methods The data of the daily hospital emergency room visits for cardiocerebrovascular diseases(ICD-10:I00-I99)from one of Peking university hospitals,the data of relevant ambient air pollution from the Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center and the data of meteorological index from China meteorological data sharing service system between 2004— 2006 were collected The time-stratified case-crossover design was used to analyze the data.Results After adjusting SO2,NO2,and PM10,the results showed that each 1 ℃ increase in the daily minimum temperature in summer was associated with the intraday hospital emergency room visits(OR=1.039,P

0.05) . Conclusion Air pollution can increase the risk of low birth weight and preterm birth in the exposed pregnant women.

Objective To explore the association between the daily maximum temperature and hospital emergency visits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases ( ICD-10: I00～I99) in different seasons in Beijing, China. Methods The data of the daily hospital emergency visits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (ICD-10: I00～I99) from a Level-3A hospital in Haidian district in Beijing during 2004-2006 and the corresponding meteorological, air pollution data were collected. The seasonal-stratified case-crossover design and Logistic multiple regression model was used for the data analysis. Results After adjusting the influence of relative humidity, wind speed and atmospheric pressure, for 1℃ increase in daily maximum temperature, the corresponding increase in the hospital emergency visits of the diseases was 17.3%(OR=1.173, 95%CI:1.149～1.197) and 4.2% (OR=1.042, 95%CI: 1.011～1.074) in spring and summer of the years, respectively (P0.05). Conclusion The increase of daily maximum temperature may be a risk factor for daily hospital emergency visits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in spring and summer, however, it may be a preventive factor in autumn. The effects of air temperature on health should not be the same in seasons.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of mirtazapine and mianserine in the treatment of senile depression. Methods:68 senile depressive patients were randomly divided into two groups: 35 in mirtazapine group, 33 in mianserine group. The period of observation was 8 weeks, Efficacy and safety were assessed with HAMD and TESS scales at baseline, week 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 after treatment. Results: After 8 weeks of treatment, the response rate and significant response rate were respectively 91.4% and 74.3% in mirtazapine group, 87.9% and 72.7% in mianserine group, the difference between groups were not statistically significant. The reduction of HAMD scores after treatment in both group were statistically significant (P 0.05). The common side effectives of mirtazapine were drowsiness, dizziness, increased appetite and weight gain; The common side reactions of mianserine were dizziness, nausea, drowsiness. All the side effects were mild. Conclusions:Mirtazapine and mianserine are equally effective and safe in treating senile depression.

ObjectiveTo analyze the distribution and density of Langerhans cells and dermal CD68 positive histiocytes in lesions of secondary keloid.MethodsTissue specimens were resected from the lesions of 30 patients with secondary keloid and normal skin of 14 human controls.Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the expressions of CD68 and CD1a in these specimens.A micrometer was used to count the number of positively stained cells per unit area.The Student's t test was conducted for data analysis by using the SPSS software.ResultsThe density of CD1a+ Langerhans cells was (61 ± 49) cells/mm2 in the epidermis of secondary keloid lesions, (258 ± 61 ) cells/mm2 in the control epidermis,and(40 ± 65) cells/mm2 in the dermis of keloid lesions.CD68+ cells were absent in the epidermis of keloid lesions.Significant differences were observed in the density of CD1a+ Langerhans cells between the lesional and normal control epidermis(t =9.88,P ＜ 0.001 ) and in the percentage of CD68+ cells in nucleated cells between the superficial dermis of lesions and control skin(62％ ± 12％ vs.70％ ± 14％,t =2.66,P ＜ 0.05).The density of dermal CD68+ histiocytes was similar between the lesions and control skin ((287 ± 73) cells/mm2 vs.(290 ± 22) cell/mm2,t =0.02,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In keloid lesions,Langerhans cells decrease in the epidermis but increase in the dermis,CD68+ histiocytes are absent in the epidermis,and reduced in the dermis with a declined percentage in nucleated cells.

Objective To detect the expressions of HuR and COX-2 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma,and investigate the correlation of HuR and COX-2 expression. In addition, we attempt to seek the pathway to prevent the occurrence and development of epithelial ovarian cancer by combined analysis of various clinicopathologic characteristics. Methods The expressions of HuR and COX-2 in 68 epithelial ovarian carcinoma, 10 borderline ovarian tumors and 5 normal ovarian tissues were examined by S-P immunohistochemical method. The relationship of HuR and COX-2 expressions with clinicopathologic parameterwere evaluated by correlation analysis. Results(1) The expression of HuR in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue (76. 47% ,52/68) was significantly higher than that in borderline epithelial ovarian tumor tissues (30. 00% ,3/10) and normal ovarian tissues (0, x2 = 18. 873, Ps ＜ 0. 05), but there were no significant differences betweenthe expressions of HuR in borderline epithelial ovarian tumor and normal ovarian tissue(P ＞ 0. 05).(2) The positive expression rate of cytoplasmic HuR in epithelial ovarian carcinoma and borderline epithelial ovarian tumor were 45.60% (31/68) and 10. 00% (1/10) respectively,but normal ovarian tissues showed no staining of HuR. We found no significant differences between the expression of cytoplasmic HuR in epithelial ovarian carcinoma and borderline epithelial ovarian tumor or normal ovarian tissue(x2 = 7. 999 ,P =0. 018).(3) The positive expression rate of cytoplasmic HuR in epithelial ovarian carcinoma of FIGO stage Ⅲ - Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ(56. 09% vs. 29. 63%, x2 = 4. 598, P = 0. 032). The positive expression rates of cytoplasmic HuR in epithelial ovarian carcinoma of histological grade 1,2,3 were 10. 00%,46. 67% ,57. 14% respectively, which showed significant difference in the comparison among the three groups (x2 =6. 627 ,P =0. 036). (4) The positive expression rates of COX-2 in epithelial ovarian cancer (67. 64%)and borderline epithelial ovarian tumor tissues (60. 00%) were significantly higher than that in normal ovarian tissues (0, Ps ＜ 0. 05), but we found no significant difference in the comparison between the expression of malignant and borderline ovarian tumors. Statistical analysis showed that the positive expression rate of COX-2 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma was correlated with FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis. (5)There was a significantly positive correlation between cytoplasmic HuR and COX-2 expressions in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Conclusion The expressions of HuR and COX-2 increased in the epithelial ovarian carcinoma, and the cytoplasmic expression of HuR was significantly correlated with the expression of COX-2. These results suggested that increased cytoplasmic expression of HuR and COX-2 expression might play important roles in the initiation and development of epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the role of immunophenotyping in distinguishing mycosis fun- goides (MF) from lichen planus and psoriasis.Methods The expression of CD1a,CD4,CD8,ICAM-1, LFA-1,HLA-DR,CD30 and CD7 was measured by ABC immunohistochemical technique in specimens ob- tained from lesional skin of 15 cases of MF,17 cases of lichen planus and 17 cases of psoriasis,and in the skin of 6 healthy controls.Results In the lesional epidermis of MF,the density of cells positive for CD1a, CD30 or ICAM-1,was significantly higher (mononuclear cells,P＜0.001;dendritic cells,P＜0.01) than that in the lesional epidermis of lichen planus,psoriasis and in the skin of healthy controls.The density of cells positive for CD4 or CD8 and of dendritic cells positive for HLA-DR was higher in lesional epidermis of MF than in that of lichen planus.The linear density of CD1a-positive cells (P＜0.01),the percentages of cells positive for ICAM-1 (P＜0.05) or LFA-1 (P＜0.05) were all higher in the lesional dermis of MF than in that of lichen planus.As far as the CD7-positive cell density was concerned,it was higher in the lesional dermis of lichen planus and psoriasis than in that of MF and skin of healthy controls (P＜0.01), while no difference was found between the epidermis of MF and that of lichen planus or psoriasis.Conclu- sion There are differences in the expression of CD1a,CD4,CD8,ICAM-1,LFA-1,HLA-DR,CD30 and CD7 in the lesional skin of MF,lichen planus and psoriasis,which may provide a clue to the pathogenesis of these diseases.