Objective To establish a determination method of phthalates in the drinking water used to monitor the pollution level of phthalates in the drinking water of Beijing. Methods 23 samples from drinking water plants in Beijing were determinated by GC-MS, using selective ion mode (SIM)with high sensitivity and internal standard quantitation method with high accuracy. Results In all samples, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was detected out and the highest concentration was 24.5 ?g/L, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was detected out in 7 samples and the highest concentration was 11.1 ?g/L, The other 3 kinds of phthalate were not detected out. The detection limit of DEHP and DOP was 8.0 ?g/L, DMP, DEP, DBP was 0.3 ?g/L, The recovery rate were 71.7%-96.0%, RSD were 2.8%-9.0%. Conclusion The main pollutants of phthalates are DEHP and DBP in drinking water of Beijing, GC-MS is suitable for determination of phthalates in drinking water.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of pentoxifylline on gastric mucosal injury in rats with endotoxemia. Methods 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups : sham operated control group (C group) ,LPS group and PTX group. The serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) levels in each group were measured. The immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of the ICAM-1 in the gastric mucosal tissues. Results The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum in LPS group were higher than those in C group (P <0.01). The level of ICAM-1 in the gastric mucosal tissues in LPS group was higher than those in sham operated control group(P < 0.01). After FIX treatment, the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum in PTX group were lower than those in LPS group(P < 0.01) and the level of ICAM-1 in the hepatic tissues in PTX group was also lower than those in LPS group(P <0.01). Conclusions TNF-α,IL-1β and ICAM-1 take part in the progress of gastric mucosal inju-ry in rats with endotoxemia. PTX can eliminate the gastric mueesa injury and protect the gastric mucosal tissues by downregulating the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and ICAM-1.

Gastric cancer is the fourth malignancies and the second cancer -related mortality rate in the world.Although the incidence of gastric cancer has declined in the past few decades ,it is still a serious health problem.Tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumorigenesis and progression .The main components of gastric cancer include tumor associated macrophages、lymphocytes、cancer-associated fibroblasts、angiogenesis factors,cytokines,gastric microenvironment and the mechanism of action of chemokines .In this review,the corre-lation between tumor microenvironment and GC is discussed .

Objective To investigate the influence of the pain management path on the postherpetic neuralgia patients. Methods Ninety patients with postherpetic neuralgia were divided into two groups by random digits table method:the control group and the experimental group, 45 cases in each group. The patients in the control group accepted conventional nursing care, the patients in the experimental group accepted the pain management path nursing care. The scores of pain and the overall satisfaction were assessed, the incidence of common adverse reactions at 5 and 10 days after the treatment, hospitalization expenses and hospitalization days were recorded. Results The gender, age, course of disease and degree of pain had no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group at admission (P>0.05). After 5 and 10 days treatment, the scores of pain in the experimental group were (3.07±1.34) , (1.09±0.90) points, and these were (4.29±1.74), (2.27±1.32) points in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (t=3.74, 4.94, all P<0.01). After 5 and 10 days treatment, the scores of the overall satisfaction in the experimental group were (5.50 ± 1.71), (7.96 ± 1.30) points, and these were (4.50 ± 1.60), (7.00 ± 1.50) points in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (t=-2.89,-3.37, all P<0.01). After 10 days treatment, the incidence of constipation was 26.67% (12/45) and 53.33% (24/45) in the experimental group and the control group respectively, the difference was statistically significant between the two groups (χ2=6.667, P<0.05). The hospitalization days were (13.71 ± 3.05) d and (15.76 ± 3.54) d in the experimental group and the control group respectively, the difference was statistically significant between the two groups (t=2.934, P<0.01). The hospitalization expenses were (11798.38 ± 3312.33) yuan and (13972.24 ± 3726.66) yuan respectively, there was significant difference between the two groups (t=2.925, P < 0.01). Conclusions The application of the pain management path for the pain management in patients with postherpetic neuralgia, can relieve the pain, reduce the incidence of adverse effects, hospitalization expenses and days, improve the overall satisfaction of the patients.

Objective To evaluate the sufentanil-sparing effect of ketorolac tromethamine for postoperative analgesia in the elderly patients.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients,aged ≥ 65 yr,with a body mass index of 18-24 kg/m2,undergoing elective gynecological operations,were randomly divided into 2 groups(n =30 each):sufentanil group(group S)and ketorolac tromethamine plus sufentanil group(group T).Both groups received combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)after operation.PCIA solution contained ketorolac tromethamine 180 mg and sufentanil 100 μg in 100 ml of normal saline in group T.After a loading dose of ketorolac tromethamine 30 mg was injected intravenously at 15 min before the end of operation,the PCA pump was set up with a 1.6 ml bolus dose,a 20 rain lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 1.5 ml/h in group T.PCIA solution contained sufentanil 100 μg in 100 ml of normal saline in group S.After a loading dose of sufentanil 5 μg was injected intravenously at 15 min before the end of operation,the PCA pump was set up with a 1.6 ml bolus dose,a 20 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 1.5 ml/h in group S.The effective analgesia(postoperative VAS scores at rest and during activity ＜ 3)was maintained within 48 h after operation.The amount of sufentanil consumed within 48 h after operation and adverse effects were recorded.Results Compared with group S,the amount of sufentanil consumed within 48 h after operation was significantly reduced,and the incidence of nausea and vomiting,urinary retention and pruritus was significantly decreased in group T(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ketorolac tromethamine used with PCIA with sufenlanil has a significant sufentanil-sparing effecl for posloperative analgesia and improves the safety of analgesia in the elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical results and related key points of surgical treatment for Hawkins Ⅲ talus neck fractures.Methods From March 2005 to March 2010,26 patients with Hawkins Ⅲ talus neck fracture were treated and 21 of them were followed,including 13 males and 8 females,with an average age of 37.6 years.The fractures occurred on the left side in 11 patients and on the right side in 10patients.The mechanism of injury included high falling injury in 13 patients,traffic accident injury in 7 patients and rolling down injury in 1 patient.Five cases were closed fractures and 6 cases were open fractures.A bilateral approach,the medial and lateral approaches,was used to perform the operation with cannulated screw fixation in emergency.After external fixation in functional position for 6 weeks without loading,ankle joints were allowed to take exercise with hinge brace and to bear partially basing on plain radiograph 12-16weeks later.The weight-bearing should be adjusted with follow-up.Functional results were assessed according to AOFAS (American Orthupaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)score.Results The average duration of follow-up was 36.6 months (range,6-60 months).All fractures gained union and the average union time was 4.5 months.The average AOFAS score was 78.6.There were 4 cases in excellent results,10 in good,5 in fair and 2 in poor.The overall excellent and good rate was 67.8％.Traumatic arthritis occurred in 13 cases and avascular necrosis in 5 cases.Conclusion The effect of surgical treatment for Hawkins Ⅲtalus neck fracture via a bilateral approach is satisfactory.

Objective By analysing the clinical features of Indigo Naturalis-associated ischemic lesion of colon mucosa to improve the precautionary and therapeutic level of the disease.Methods Thirteen patients diagnosed as Indigo Naturalis-associated ischemic lesion of colon mucosa in Peking University Third Hospital from 2005 to 2010 were reviewed.The endoscopic and clinical features were analysed.Results The 13 patients with an average age of(60.6±14.1)years old were prescribed Chinese traditional medicine containing Indigo Naturalis for psoriasis or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP).The ratio of males to females was 1:1.6.The typical manifestations were abdominal pain and bloody stool with watering diarrhea before bloody stool in 61.5%patients.Endoscopic and pathological characteristics were coincident with ischemic lesion and more like a chronic index.Vasodilatic medicine was effective and the average hemostatic time was(1.7±0.8)days.The prognosis was well and no recurrence was found during 3 months follow-up.Conclusions Patients having psoriasis or ITP treated with Chinese traditional medicine containing Indigo Naturalis have an inclination to colon mucosa lesions, even ischemic lesion. Careful assessment and observation before prescribing arc necessary in these patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of P21ras and PIK3CA proteins in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HBV-HCC), post-hepatitis B hepatic cirrhosis (HBV-hepatic cirrhosis)and normal hepatic tissues specimen, and their correlation between HBV-HCC and HBV-hepatic cirrhosis tissues.Methods Using immunohistochemistry, the expression of P21ras and PIK3CA proteins in 34 cases of HBV-HCC, 37 cases of HBV-hepatic cirrhosis and 30 cases of normal liver tissues specimen were detected and compared. Results The mean gray scales of P21ras protein in HBV-HCC, HBV-hepatic cirrhosis and normal hepatic tissue specimen were 138.86 ± 2.9, 145. 34 ± 2.06 and 152.07 ± 1.17 (P ＜ 0. 0l), respectively, and were related to the progression of hepatopathy (P ＜0.01). The mean gray scales of PIK3CA protein in HBV-HCC, HBV-hepatic cirrhosis and normal hepatic tissue specimen were 138.20 ± 3. 14, 149.49 ±0. 78 and 154.71 ± 1.29 (P ＜ 0.01), respectively, and were related to the progression of hepatopathy (P ＜ 0. 01).There were apparent correlation between P21ras and PIK3CA in HBV-HCC and HBV-hepatic cirrhosis respectively (r =0. 64, P ＜0. 05; r =0. 42, P ＜0. 05). Conclusion The overexpression of P21ras and PIK3CA in HCC and hepatic cirrhosis tissue suggests that they participate in the tumorigenesis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic cirrhosis, and there may be a signal transduction pathway of P21ras-PI3K in HBV-HCC and HBV-hepatic cirrhosis.

Aim To evaluate the inhibitive and induc-tive effects of Polygonum capitatum water extract on main cytochrome P450 isoforms in human and liver mi-crosomes of mouse in vitro for predicting the herb-drug interactions in clinical application. Methods The in vitro inhibitory effect was evaluated by incubating Po-lygonum capitatum water extract with the probe sub-strates of main phase I metabolic enzymes in human liver microsomes, including CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP2C9,CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. Mice were adminis-tered with Polygonum capitatum water extract at dosage of 0 . 58 g · kg-1 and 1 . 16 g · kg-1 by gastric lavage for successive 7 days and 14 days, then the cocktail-LC-MS/MS method was applied to assess the inductive effect of main CYP450 isoforms in mouse liver micro-somes. Results The IC50 values of Polygonum capita-tum water extract on main CYP450 isoforms in human liver microsomes were from 849 . 6 mg · L-1 to 2 287 mg·L-1 . Compared with the blank control group, the activites of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 in 1. 16 g·kg-1 7 d group were about 49 . 9 % and 21. 1 % higher ( P <0. 01, P < 0. 05 ) respectively, the activities of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 in 0. 58 g·kg-1 7 d group were 27. 6 % and 15. 5 % higher ( P <0. 01 , P <0. 05 ) respectively, the activities of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 in 1. 16 g·kg-1 14 d group were 67. 5 % and 32. 1 %higher (P<0. 01) respectively, while the activities of CYP1 A2 , CYP2 E1 and CYP2 C19 were not increased significantly in Polygonum capitatum treatment group. Conclusions Polygonum capitatum water extract do not show the inhibitory effect on main CYP450 in hu-man liver microsomes. There is induction on CYP2C9 and CYP3 A4 in mouse liver microsomes by Polygonum capitatum water extract.

ObjectiveTo study effects of gastrodine (GAS) on insulinoma (INS-1) cells and the protection of INS-1 ceils from steptozotocin (STZ) injury by gaatrodine. MethodsThe experiment was carried out in 5 groups: normal control group ( NC), GAS group (GAS), streptozotocin group (STZ), GAS protection group ( GAS +STZ) and GAS repair group (STZ +GAS). INS-1 cells were cultured, the cell viability was determined by tetrazolium (MTT) assay, insulin concentration was detected by radioimmunoassay, and malondialdehyde (MDA)concentration and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of the culture medium were measured by colorimetry. Results GAS promoted insulin release of INS-1 cells (P＜0.05, P＜O.01). Low-concentration GAS could increase viability of INS-1 cells ( P ＜ 0.01 ). GAS could increase viability of the injured INS-1 cells (P ＜ 0.01 ). High concentration GAS contributed in repair of INS-1 cells injured by STZ and promoted insulin serection ( P ＜ 0.01 ). GAScould decrease MDA concentration (P ＜0.01 ) and significantly increase T-AOC capacity of INS-1 cells injured by STZ (P ＜0.01 ). ConclusionsGAS can increase INS-1 viability, promote insulin secretion of INS-1 cells, alleviate INS-1 cells injury caused by STZ, and strengthen the antioxidant capacity of INS-1 cells injured by STZ.