Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of adiponectin on rats with cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury and explore its possible mechanism.Methods Sixty-four SD rats were divided into normal group (C) and diabetic group (D) randomly.Type 2 diabetic rats model were made by high-fat diet before the middle cerebral artery occulation model (MCAO) surgery.Each group was divided into two subgroups.CAPNand DAPN groups were given exogenous recombinant globular adiponectin via jugular vein one hour after ischemic-reperfusion injury,C0 and D0 groups were given the same amount of normal saline at the same time.Body weight and blood glucose of the rats were measured before ischemia.We also evaluated the neurological function of rats 24 h after treatment according to Longa criteria and observed the morphological changes of cells in brain area via HE staining.The vascular density in ischemic-reperfusion injury area was detected through 3D confocal image system 2 weeks after the treatment.Results The body weight of diabetic rats was significantly lower than normal rats((284.06 ± 19.85)vs (220.31 ±21.87) g,t =8.634,P =0.000).Blood glucose of diabetic rats before ischemia was significantly higher than normal rats ((4.36±0.13)vs(22.92 ± 1.58) mmol/L,t =11.74,P =0.000).Compared with C0 group,the neurological function score of CAPN group was lower(2.29 ± 0.69 vs 17.0 ± 0.69,t =2.186,P =0.038).Compared with D0 group,the neurological function score of DAPN group was lower(2.89 ± 0.33 vs 2.40 ±0.51,t =2.567,P =0.018),too.HE staining showed that the neuronal injury were milder in CAPN,DAPN group,compared with C0,D0 group,respectively.Adiponectin increased the vascular density of ischemic cortex inC group ((2014.58±61.18)/0.002 mm2 vs(3211.95 ±71.64)/0.002 mm2,t =12.16,P=0.023) and D group ((502.86 ± 30.43)/0.002 mm2 vs (1426.69 ± 97.24)/0.002 mm2,t =25.64,P =0.001).Adiponectin increased the vascular density of ischemic striatum in C group (472.59 ± 4.78)/0.002mm2 vs (736.60 ±104.90) /0.002 mm2,t=7.11,P=0.007) and D group (432.04 ±4.65)/0.002 mm2 vs (1780.75 ± 74.54)/0.002 mm2,t =51.08,P =0.000).Conclusions Adiponectin exerts the neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury in normal and diabetic rats.And it may protect the brain through promoting angiogenesis.

Objective To explore the effects of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)on chronic cerebral ischemia in rats,and its possible mechanism.Methods Chronic cerebral ischemia (2-VO) model was prepared and bilateral external jugular veins were isolated.A total of 30 rats were divided into 2 groups at random sham group (received no intervention,n=15) and operative group (received G-CSF or PBS through external jugular vein injection,n=15).At 6 weeks after operation,the rats in operative group were divided into G--CSF group (received G-CSF 10 mg/L,1 ml · kg-1 · d-1,1 times every 24 h for,3 times) and PBS control group (received PBS 10 mg/L,1 ml ·kg 1 · d-11,1 times every 24 h for 3 times).At 8 weeks after the operation,morris water maze was carried out to evaluate the learning and memory ability of the rats.The cell proliferation,threedimensional vascular distribution,ischemic neuronal apoptosis,cell morphological changes in ischemic area and the plasma VEGF levels were detected to explore the possible mechanisms.Results In morris water maze,escape latency at the 2rd to 5th day were significantly lower in G-CSF group than the PBS group (all P＜0.05).The swimming time spent in the first quadrant in G-CSF group was significantly longer than the PBS group (P＜0.05).There was a significant difference in the number of BrdU positive cells in the ischemical area between the G-CSF group and the control group [(27.7±4.76) vs.(10.4 ± 3.7),P =0.030).Three-dimensional quantitative measurements of vascular structure showed that the capillary diameters was smaller in the G-CSF group than in the PBS group [(2.90±0.20) μm vs.(3.45±0.26) μm,P=0.020] and the number of branch points in the boundary regions of ischemia had a significant difference in the G-CSF group compared with the control group [(207.82±10.73) /0.002 mm3 vs.(162.10±9.31) /0.002mm3,P=0.005].Threedimensional cerebral vessel surface area in the ipsilateral hemisphere was increased in the G-CSF group compared with the PBS group [(86498±2896) μm2/0.002 mm3vs.(73976±3826) μm2/0.002 mm3,P=0.003].The number of apoptotic cells in G-CSF group was decreased compared with the PBS group [(32.10±6.70) vs.(56.30±11.20),F=11.89,P=0.043].The electron microscope morphological observations showed inflammatory edema in intercellular gap was significantly reduced in the G-CSF group compared with the PBS group.The level of plasma VEGF was significantly increased in the G-CSF group compared with the PBS group [(58.81±6.61) ng/L vs.(20.81±4.35)ng/L,P=0.025].Conclusions G--CSF can improve the learning and memory ability in the chronic cerebral ischemic rats,and its possible mechanism might involve the nerve protection and the vascular regeneration associated with the VEGF.There is a great prospect for G-CSF in the therapy of chronic cerebral ischemic disease.

Objective To investigate the correlations of serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP),adiponectin (APN) and A-FABP/APN ratio with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and its subtypes.Methods The consecutive patients with AIS (AIS group) of having complete data admitted within 24 hours of onset were enrolled,and at the same time,the healthy subjects of age,sex and body mass index matched with the AIS group were selected as a control group.The demographic characteristics and general clinical data of the AIS group and control group were collected.The serum A-FABP and APN levels were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay.The patients in the AIS group were further divided into large artery atherosclerosis (LAA),small artery occlusion,(SAO),cardioembolism (CE),and stroke of other determined etiology (SOE) according to the TOAST classification criteria.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between all factors and AIS and its subtypes.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations of the A-FABP and APN levels and the NIHSS scores.Results The serum A-FABP level (P =0.017) and A-FABP/APN ratio (P =0.002) in the AIS group were significantly higher than those in the control group,and the serum APN level was significantly lower than that in the control group (P =0.011).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increased serum A-FABP level (odds ratio [OR] 1.48,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.93; P =0.009) and the A-FABP/APN ratio (OR 1.59,95％ CI 1.10-2.34; P =0.002) as well as the decreased APN level (OR 0.36,95％ CI 0.14-0.65; P =0.011) were independently associated with AIS.And the A-FABP/APN ratio was better than the correlation of both separately.The serum A-FABP level and A-FABP/APN ratio in the LAA,SAO and CE groups were significantly higher than those in other subtype groups (all P ＜0.05),and the APN level was significantly lower than that in other subtype groups (P ＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increased serum A-FABP level and A-FABP/APN ratio as well as the decreased APN level were independently associated with LAA,SAO and CE,and the A-FABP/APN ratio was better than the correlation of both separately.The baseline NIHSS score was positively correlated with the serum A-FABP level (r =0.236,P =0.019),it was negatively correlated with the serum APN level (r =0.307,P =0.002),and the correlation of the serum AFABP/APN ratio was higher than that of A-FABP or APN (r =0.326,P =0.001).Conclusions The increased serum A-FABP level and the decreased APN level may serve as the new risk factors for AIS,especially LAA,SAO and CE subtypes,and they can reflect the severity of AIS.

Objective:To optimize the ultrasonic extraction process of Danggui Baogan capsules. Methods:The ultrasonic extrac-tion process of Danggui Baogan capsules was optimized by L9 (34 ) orthogonal test with the contents of ferulic acid and angelica sinensis polysaccharide as the indices and the amount of 30% ethanol, ultrasonic duration and extraction times as the influencing factors. Re-sults:The best ultrasonic extraction conditions were as follows: adding 12-fold amount of 30% ethanol and extracted four times with 1. 5 hours for each time. Conclusion:The ultrasonic extraction process is simple and reproducible, and suitable for the industrial pro-duction.

Objective:To optimize the water extraction process of Lidan Palshi capsules. Methods:The extract yield, emodin con-tent and chrysophanol content were used as the indices, the extraction process of Lidan Palshi capsules was optimized by orthogonal test of L9(34). Results:The optimized water extraction conditions were as follows:adding 14-fold water, and boiling extraction four times with 2 hours for each time. Conclusion:The water extraction process is practicable, reasonable and convenient.

Objective:To study the quality standard of Ganyankang capsules. Methods:Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati,Radix As-tragali,Radix Pseudostellariae,Herba Scutellariae Barbatae,Oldenlandia diffusa willd,Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Radix Bupleuri in the preapartion were indentified by TLC,and emodin was determined by HPLC. Results:Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati,Radix Astra-gali,Radix Pseudostellariae,Herba Scutellariae Barbatae,Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Radix Bupleuri could be obviously identified by TLC. The content of emodin in the capsules was 2. 05 mg·g-1 . The linear relationship was good within the range of 2. 34-74. 88μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 4),and the average recovery was 100. 5% with RSD of 1. 52%(n=9). Conclusion:The quality standard is accurate and reliable,which can be used to control the quality of Ganyankang capsules.

Objective To investigate the effects of controlled hypotension (CH) combined with tranexamic acid (TA) on peri-operative blood loss and coagulation function in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery. Methods Forty patients undergoing brain tumor surgery were randomly allocated into group A and group B with 20 patients in each group. Patients in group A received CH alone, while patients in group B received CH combined with TA. Coagulation factors and d-dimer levels were measured 24 hours before and after surgery. Amount of blood loss, intravenous fluid transfused, urine output and postoperative drainage were recorded. Results D-dimer levels of 24 hours after surgery increased compared with that of 24 hours before surgery. In group B, the d-dimer level increased more than that of group A (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in coagulation factor levels between group A and group B. Amount of blood loss, intravenous fluid transfused and postoperative drainage flows of patients in group B were lower than that in group A (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in urine output and fluid infusion volume between two groups. Conclusion CH compared with TA can reduce perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery , with no obvious coagulant function abnormality. Collectively, it should be a safe and reliable method for clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effect of acute non-isovolemic hemodilution in combination with tranexamic acid on cycle function blood gas and electrolytes with brain tumor surgery. Methods Forty-two patients undergoing brain tumor were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in group A received ANIH plus tranexamic acid , while patients in group B received ANIH alone. Collected blood was transfused before the end of surgery. HR、CVP、MAP,hemoglubin, blood gas and plasma electrolytes were respectively recorded before ANIH(T1), at 0 min (T1) and 1 h (T2) after ANIH, and at the end of operation (T4). Results There were no significant changes in HR, CVP, MAP. At T2, T3, T4, Hb, Hct in both two groups lower than those at T1(P <0.05); at T4, Hb, Hct in group A were higher than those in group B. There were no significant changes in pH , PaO2, PaCO2, BE between the both two groups. There were no significant changes in Na +, Cl-, Ca2+and K+between the both two groups. Conclusion ANIH has little effect on the cycle function and blood gas electrolyte. ANIH in combination with TA has a section blood effect. It can be used in the brain tumor operation with TA security.

Objective: To optimize the water decocting extraction procedures for Ganyangkang capsules by orthogonal design. Methods:Using the extraction yield and emodin content as the indices, the optimal extraction conditions for Ganyankang capsules were studied by L9(34) orthogonal test. Results:The influencing order of the factors was B>A>C (A:extracting time, B:extracting du-ration, C:added water volume) . The optimal preparation conditions were A3 B3 C2 , i. e. adding 10-fold water, decocting extracting 3 times with 2 hours each time. Conclusion:The optimum water decocting extraction procedures is rational and feasible. It can be used in the real preparation.

AIM:To observe the effects of the combination of berberin and epirubicin on the cell cycle of T24 bladder cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS:The cancer cells were exposed to epirubicin in the presence or absence of different concentrations of berberin.The viability of the cancer cells was determined by MTT assay.The cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry, and the protein levels of cyclin D1, CDK2, CDK4, P21 and P27 were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:Berberine markedly enhanced the inhibitory effect of epirubicin on the viability of T24 cells and promoted epirubicin-induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase as compared with the negative control cells.Epirubicin increased the protein expression of P27 and P21, both of which were enhanced by treatment with berberin.In contrast, berberin exposure further decreased the protein expression of cyclin D1, CDK2 and CDK4 in epirubicin-treated T24 cells.CONCLUSION:Berberine significantly promotes epirubicin-induced G0 /G1 phase arrest in human bladder cancer cells by up-regulating P27 and P21 expression and inhibiting the expression of cyclin D1, CDK2 and CDK4.