Objective: To screen for the differentially expressed genes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and normal laryngeal tissue using cDNA microarray. Methods: The PCR products of 4 096 genes were spotted on a chemical material coated glass plates in array. The DNAs were then fixed on the glass plate by a serial of treatments. The total RNAs were isolated from the tissues, and then were purified to mRNAs by Oligotex. Both the mRNAs from the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and normal tissue were reversely transcribed to cDNAs with the incorporations of fluorescent dUTP, for preparing the hybridization probes. The mixed probes were then hybridized to the cDNA microarray. After high stringent washing, the cDNA microarray was scanned for the fluorescent signals and showed the differences between 2 tissues. Results: Among the 4 096 target genes, there were 36(0.88%) genes whose expression levels differed between the carcinoma and normal tissues in all 4 cases. Bioinformatical analysis of those genes had been performed. Conclusion: DNA microarray technology is an effective technique in screening for differentially expressed genes between 2 different kinds of tissue. Further analysis of the obtained genes will help to understand the molecular mechanism of malignant carcinoma. [

BACKGROUND: To discuss the feasibility of allogeneic freeze-drying radiation sterilization bone sheet applying in the prevention of post-laminectomy adhesion as an ideal biological material for filling and repairing bone defect. OBJECTIVE: To observe the preventive effect of allogeneic freeze-drying radiation sterilization bone sheet on the postlaminectomy adhesion and restenosis.DESIGN: Follow-up survey on cases.SETTINGS: Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical School of Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Shanxi Medical Tissues of China Institute for Radiation Protection PARTICIPANTS: From March 2003 to June 2005, 58 patients with segmental lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) were selected from Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical School of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, including 34 males and 24 females, aged 30-78 years, including 25 cases of simple LSS and 33 combined LSS; and including 36 cases in L4-5 and 33 cases in L5, S1 segments. All the patients were similar in age, gender and healthy conditions.METHODS: The segmental whole laminectomies were performed in 58 patients with prolapse of lumbar intervertebral or LSS, and allogeneic freeze-drying radiation sterilization bone sheet in "H" shape was used to cover the vertebral laminae. According to the follow-up standard of lumbar spine operation recommended by the Orthopaedics Branch of Chinese Medical Association, all patients were followed up to evaluate their clinical symptoms, absorption of implanted bone as well as CT and MRI presentations.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Improvements of clinical symptoms;Absorption of bone sheet in lumbar spinal canal.RESULTS: Totally 58 LSS patients were involved in the result analysis.In postoperative 0.5-year follow-up period, 17 of 21 patients showed excellent curative effects while other 4 patients showed fine effects. In postoperative 1-year follow-up period for 23 patients, CT and MRI results demonstrated that the spinal canal had been extended obviously. There was no tilt or displacement of the femoral sheet or compression of the spinal cord. As for 14 patients who were followed up for 1.5 years, CT results displayed that there was no rejective reaction observed in this study. The edgeof the allograft was inosculated with connective lamina of vertebra, and the shape of lumber spinal was good.CONCLUSION: Allogeneic freeze-drying radiation sterilization bone sheet is an ideal dressing material for epidural laminoplasty. The imaging results of patients in postoperative 1.5-year follow-up indicate that it can effectively reduce the post-laminectomy adhesion formation and prevent recurrence of post-laminectomy spinal restenosis, so as to apply on the segmental vertebral plate dressing.

Objective To investigate the expression of regulators of G protein signaling(RGS), including RGS2, RGS3 and RGS4 in OLETF rats, as well as the effects of metformin on these expressions. Methods LETO rats were used as control group. Eight-week-old male OLETF rats were assigned to two guoups randomly:model and trial(metfomin dose during 8~(th) to 22~(nd) weeks:300mg kg~(-1)·d~(-1);during 23rd to 28th weeks:400 mg·kg~(-1) ·d~(-1))groups. Expressions of RGS mRNA in aorta and heart werequantified by real-time PCR. Results RGS2, RGS3 and RGS4 mRNA of the thoracic aorta and left ventricle were significantly higher in model group than in control group (P<0.01). Compared with model group, metformin significantly reduced their mRNA in trial group (P<0.01). Conclusions Upregulation of RGS2, RGS3 and RGS4 mRNA expression in the thoracic aorta and left ventricle of OLETF rats is in correlation with cardiovascular lesions; while downregulation of their expression is in correlation with the action of metformin.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of cell adhesion molecule in the development and extramedullary infiltration (EI) of acute leukemia.

METHODSThe expressions of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) gene, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) genes in 25 acute leukemia patients bone marrow cells were detected by microarray and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSThe expressions of NCAM, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene were significantly higher in acute leukemia cells and leukemia cells with EI than in normal tissues and leukemia cells without EI, respectively, both by cDNA microarray and by RT-PCR.

CONCLUSIONThe cDNA microarray is a powerful technique in analysis of acute leukemia cells associated genes. High expressions of cell adhesion molecule genes might be correlated with leukemia pathogenesis and infiltration of acute leukemia cell.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; genetics ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; genetics

Objective:To investigate the role of pleiotrophin (PTN) gene in carcino genesis using cDNA microarray and in situ hybridization. Methods:The expression of PTN gene in 5 cases of glioma, 10 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, 6 cases of hepatocarcinoma, and normal controls were detected by BioDoor 4096 type cDNA microarray and in situ hybridization. Results: The expression of PTN gene in carcinoma samples were significantly higher than in normal controls by cDNA microarray, the results was the same as by in situ hybridization. Conclusion: cDNA microarray is an effective technique in analysis of functional study of associated genes in carcinoma. High expression of PTN gene might be correlated with mechanism of multiple carcinoma. [

Objective:To understand the molecular pat hophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer.Methods: We studied novel gene expression by cDNA microarray method. The PCR pro ducts of 4 096 genes and 12 800 gene were spotted onto a kind of chemical-mater ial-coated-glass slide in array. Both the mRNAs from 5 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 3 cases of pancreatic cancer were reversely transcribed to cDNAs with the incorporation of fluorescent-labeled dUTP to prepare the hybridization probes. After hybridization, BioDoor4096 and BioDoor12800 cDNA microarray were scanned for the fluorescent intensity. Tumor invasion-related gene expression w as screened through the analysis of difference in gene expression profile.Results:Among 4 096 and 12 800 target genes, there were 15 genes who se expression level differed from normal and carcinoma tissues. Therefore, they might be associated with metastasis.Conclusion:Further analysis of these differentially expressed metastasis-associated genes will be helpful for understanding the molecular mechanism of malignant carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the current status of prevalence, prevention and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in rural area in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey of COPD was conducted in Beijing city, Shanghai city, Guangdong province, Liaoning province,Tianjin city, Chongqing province and Shanxi province. A population-based cluster sample was randomly selected from each rural area. In the selected community,all residents at least 40 years old were recruited,and interviewed with a modified standardized questionnaire from the international burden of obstructive lung diseases (BOLD) study. All participants were tested with spirometry. Those with airflow limitation were performed on post-bronchedilator spirometry. The post-bronchedilator a ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) less than 70% was defined as the diagnostic criteria of COPD. Results (1) Data of 9434 participants was valid for analysis, with a valid response rate of 83. 6% ;the prevalence of COPD in rural was 8. 8% (830/9434), 12. 8% in male and 5.4% in female. (2)The percentage of smoking and the exposure to biomass smoke in rural was 43. 0% (4059/9434) and 83. 1% (7835/9434) respectively; cigarettes cessation rate was 17.5% ; only 12. 4% ( 502/4059 ) of smokers had received advice to quit smoking. (3) Among COPD patients, only 30. 0% (249/830) had ever been diagnosed as COPD, bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma, 2. 4% (20/830) had ever received spirometric tests, and 74. 5% were current smokers; only 7.9% (50/634)COPD patients in stage two or over had received regular drug treatment. Conclusion There was high prevalence and poor prevention and management for COPD in rural areas. Therefore, an enforced prevention and management for COPD are urgent.

Background: The corner pocket (CP) approach for supraclavicular block (SCB) prevents ulnar nerve (UN) sparing due to needle proximity to the lower trunk. Improved ultrasound resolution has suggested that the intertruncal (IT) approach is a suitable alternative method. We compared efficiency of these two approaches on the UN blockade. Methods: Sixty patients were randomized to undergo SCB using the ultrasound-guided CP or IT approach. For lower trunk blockade, 10 ml of local anesthetic agents (1 : 1 mixture of 0.75% ropivacaine and 1% lidocaine) were injected in the CP (CP approach) or between the lower and middle trunks (IT approach). Additional 15 ml was injected identically to block the middle and upper trunks in both groups. Sensory and motor blockade was evaluated after intervention. Results: Complete sensory blockade (75.9% [22/29] vs. 43.3% [13/30], P = 0.023) and complete motor blockade (82.8% [24/29] vs. 50.0% [15/30], P = 0.017) of the UN at 15 min after SCB were significantly more frequent in the IT than in the CP group. Sensory block onset time of the UN was significantly shorter in the IT compared to the CP group (15.0 [10.0; 15.0] min vs. 20.0 [15.0; 20.0] min; P = 0.012). Conclusions The IT approach provided a more rapid onset of UN blockade than the CP approach. These results suggest that the IT approach is a suitable alternative to the CP approach and can provide faster surgical readiness.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of carotid webs and prevention measurements of cerebral ischemic stroke caused by carotid webs.Methods:The clinical data of three patients with carotid webs admitted to our hospital from October 2017 to January 2019 were retrospectively studied, and publications (208 patients with carotid webs) reported from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2019 in PubMed, Embase, Wanfang and CNKI databases were collected. The demographic and clinical characteristics of carotid webs and secondary prevention measurements of ischemic stroke caused by carotid webs were analyzed.Results:A total of 211 patients with carotid webs were enrolled, including 68 male (32.2%) and 143 female (67.8%), with an median age of 48 years. Prevalence of risk factors for cerebrovascular disease reported in 148 patients was as follows: hypertension ( n=43, 29.1%), dyslipidemia ( n=19, 12.8%), diabetes mellitus ( n=14, 9.5%), and smoking ( n=12, 8.1%); 89.8% of carotid webs(44/49) caused mild stenosis of carotid artery (stenosis degree<50%). In secondary stroke prevention, the recurrence rate of stroke patients treated with anticoagulation plus antiplatelet was obviously lower than that of patients treated with antiplatelet alone (11.1% vs. 49.3%). No ischemic stroke or surgical complications were noted in 23 patients underwent carotid endarterectomy and 54 patients underwent carotid stent implantation during the mean follow-up period of 12 months (one-60 months) and 11 months (3-144 months), respectively. Conclusions:Carotid web may be a vital risk factor for cryptogenic stroke. Anticoagulation plus antiplatelet is superior to antiplatelet alone in preventing stroke recurrence. Carotid endarterectomy and carotid stent implantation may be the perfect choices for carotid web patients with high risk of stroke recurrence.

Plasmodium vivax malaria is an endemic disease in Korea, which rarely causes severe complications including those occurring in the cerebrum. There are limited numbers of complicated cases that have been reported around the world. We experienced a case of vivax malaria with cerebral complication: cognitive impairment and ataxia. A 55-year-old female with diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department with acute fever of two days' duration. She did not have any history of travelling abroad or receiving blood transfusions. Peripheral blood smear revealed vivax malaria with parasitemia density of 0.53 percent. She demonstrated loss of orientation, especially regarding time and place, and ataxia. Although the initial hydroxychloroquine treatment for malaria was successful, cognitive impairment and ataxia persisted and were not recovered. Brain MRI showed no structural abnormality. Brain PET showed diffuse hypometabolism in right parieto-temporal lobe of the brain.
Ataxia ; Blood Transfusion ; Brain ; Cerebrum ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Emergencies ; Endemic Diseases ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine ; Hypogonadism ; Korea ; Malaria ; Malaria, Cerebral ; Malaria, Vivax ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Orientation ; Parasitemia ; Plasmodium ; Plasmodium vivax