10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2013.12.003

AIM:To establish the assessing method of traditional Chinese medicine chromatogrphic fingerprints by the involution similarity and quantitative involution similarity and its application. METHODS: The fingerprint of Ginkgo biloba L.extract(GBE) was evaluated by the involution similarity and quantitative involution similarity,and the contrast studies were implemented by other appraisal targets,eg.the included angle cosine S_F,the correlation coefficient r and the indexes with quantitative characteristic,such as the apparently quantitative similarity R%、the average mass percent M%,etc.. RESULTS: The involution similarity could reflect the similarity change in each sample from different bathes and be of quantitative function.The quantitative involution similarity and quantitative weighted similarity could perfectly reflect the changes in contents of the consituents of GBE. CONCLUSION: The involution similarity and quantitative involution similarity can qualitatively and quantitatively assess the similarity between sample and the referential fingerprint.They are certainly the novel method of evaluating the traditional Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprints.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Pediatric Dentistry ; Root Canal Preparation ; Subcutaneous Emphysema ; diagnostic imaging

Objective To establish a less-damage method for tracheal intubation so as to improve the quality of post-cardiac arrest syndrome.Methods Thirty rabbits wvere divided into 3 groups of 10 rabbits each according to the random number table:group A receiving direct endotracheal intubation after anesthesia,Group B separation of cervical tissue and retrograde tracheal intubation after anesthesia and Group C percutaneous retrograde tracheal intubation after anesthesia.After the intravenous injection of forskolin,cardiac arrest was induced by endotracheal tube clamping.After 5 minutes of untreated arrest,conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated.Changes in arterial pressure,occurrence of post-resuscition syndrome and survival time were examined in all groups.Results Groups A,B and C showed 40％,60％ and 80％ success rate in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (P ＜ 0.01) and animal survival time of 23.4 hours (11.6-35.8 hours),62.7 hours (29.4-88.6 hours) and 79.5 hours (40.9-118.2 hours) (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Percutaneous retrograde tracheal intubation is suitable to increase cardiopulmonary resuscitation rate and survival rate in rabbits with post-cardiac arrest.The model has good stability and repeatability and can be used for study of post-cardiac arrest syndrome.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the effect of ticagrelor versus prasugrel on platelet reactivity,and provide evi-dence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,CJFD and Wanfang Database,randomized con-trolled trials(RCT)about the effect of ticagrelor versus prasugrel on platelet reactivity were collected. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man software after data extract and quality evaluation by Cochrane 5.1.0. RESULTS:Totally 17 RCTs were enrolled,involv-ing 2 757 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed,regardless of Verity Now(VN)detection method [MD=15.43,95%CI(-0.39, 31.25),P=0.06] or vasodilator stimulus phosphoprotein(VASP)detection method [MD=-3.04,95%CI(-8.98,2.90),P=0.32], ticagrelor and prasugrel had the same effects on platelet reactivity under loading dose,the differences were not statistically significant;regardless of VN detection method [MD=-48.94,95%CI(-58.04,-39.84),P<0.001] or VASP detection method [MD=-14.32, 95%CI(-20.45,-8.20),P<0.001],the effects of ticagrelor were better than prasugrel on platelet reactivity under maintenance dose,the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS:At the loading dose,there was no difference between ticagrelor and prasugrel,but ticagrelor has more benefits than prasugrel under maintenance dose.

Background Acute retinal ischemia anoxic injury is common in eye disorders,such as acute glaucoma,central retinal artery occlusion and ischemic optic neuropathy,etc.This will cause retinal ischemia anoxic injury and induce retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) death in addition.Endogenous cannabinoid (CB) and its receptors are involved in the central nervous system injury,ischemia,inflammation,and poisoning and other physiological and pathological process.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of CB on RGCs damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD).Methods The eyeballs were obtained from 6-week-old normal C57BL/6J mice to prepare retinal frozen sectionsand the expression and distribution of cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R) in RGCs was detected by immunofluorescence staining.The eyeballs of ten newborn C57BL/6J mice (postnatal 0-3 days) were obtained after immersed by 75％ alcohol and the retinas were isolated in preeooling DMEM for the primary culture of RGCs.The cells were identified by detecting the expression of Brn3a,a marker of RGCs,with immunofluorescence staining.Then the cells cultured for 14 days were divided into normal control group (in complete culture medium+95％ air+5％ CO2) and OGD group (in glucose-free medium+95％ N2 +4％ CO2 + 1％ O2) for 20 hours.The mitochondrial damage and RGCs morphology changed were evaluated by JC-1 staining to observe the mitochondrial membrane potential change.SR141716A (CB1R antagonist,1 μmol/L),SR144528 (CB2R antagonist,1 μmol/L) and 5 or 10 μmol/L WIN 55212-2 (CB1R and CB2R agonist) were added,and the survival rate of RGCs was assayed MTT.Results CBR was positively expressed in various layers of normal mouse retinas.The cells in the normal control group showed uniform size and polygon in shape with the long and thin axons,and the expression of Brn-3a was seen in the cells.However,in the OGD group,cell shrinkage and fragments were found and most of the axons disappeared.The expression of Brn-3a was evidently weakened.The fluorescence intensity of JC-1 was evidently weakened in the OGD group compared with the normal control group,showing the reduce of mitochondrial membrane potential.MTT assay showed that the survival rate of RGCs was (100.00± 13.87)％,which was significantly higher than (89.52-± 18.16)％ in the normal control group (q =8.065,P =0.008).The mean survival rates of RGCs were (116.63±22.21)％ and (112.61 ±19.02)％ in the cells treated by SR141716A and SR144528,and that in the normal cells was (89.52 ± 18.16)％ in the OGD group,with significant differences between SR141716A-or SR144528-treated cells and normal cells (q =29.780,17.391;both at P＜ 0.01).Conclusions Hypoxia and glucose-free up-regulate the expression of CB and activate CB pathway.Inhibition of activation CBR process has a neuroprotection effect under the Hypoxia and glucose-free condition.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the effect of organic cation transporter 2 [(OCT2)808G>T] gene polymor-phism on the metformin hydrochloride pharmacokinetics in vivo,and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical medication. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,EMBase,Foreign Medical Journey Service,CJFD,VIP database and Wanfang database,re-lated studies about the effect of (OCT2)808G>T gene polymorphism on the metformin hydrochloride pharmacokinetics in vivo were collected,and Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.1 statistics software. RESULTS:A total of 5 retrospective studies were included,involving 172 patients. The result of gene type was type GT,type TT and type GG. Results of Meta-analysis showed,compared with type GT volunteers,type TT could prolong the half-time period of metformin hydrochloride;compared with type TT,type GG could increase the peak concentration. However,(OCT2)808G>T gene polymorphism had no effects on the renal clearance rate,creatinine clearance rate and area under the drug-time curve. CONCLUSIONS:(OCT2)808G>T gene poly-morphism has certain effect on the half-time period and peak concentration of metformin hydrochloride in vivo of health volunteer, and has no effect on the renal clearance rate,creatinine clearance rate and area under the drug-time curve. Due to the limit of re-search methodological quality,large-scale and high quality studies are required for further validation of the conclusions.

Objective To explore the computed tomography (CT)manifestations of adrenocortical oncocytoma (ACO)for better understanding the disease and improving its diagnosis accuracy.Methods The CT manifestations of 9 cases with adrenocortical onco-cytomas confirmed by surgery were retrospectively reviewed and compared with pathological results.Results Five of cases were lo-cated in left side while 4 cases were in right side.Well defined and round or oval border could be found in all the cases.Of all the ca-ses,3 cases were solid lesions with equal density,< 3 cm in diameter,and mild consistent intensification after enhancement.Cystic lesion was detectd in 6 cases with > 3 cm in diameter.The mixed cystic and solid components with polycystic changes could be found on CT image,and remarkable intensification on solid lesion while no intensification on cystic lesion after the enhancement. Moreover,patchy or cotton-like shape could be found on solid lesion in 4 cases and 1 case with island like intensification;reticular pattern could be found in the central of lesion in 3 cases and 1 case with stellate shape.Pathological observation showed that the on-cotytomas were comprised of cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and necrotic and fibrous capsule without pathological mitosis could be found in some of lesion.Conclusion The characteristic CT features of adrenocortical oncotytoma has a worse specificity,its diagnosis was dependent on pathologic examination.

Objective:It has been demonstrated that anesthetics exposure may lead to neurocognitive impairment in developing brain of animal models.However,for the limitation that the animal models can-not fully mimic the dose and duration in clinical settings especially for dental general anesthesia,the cli-nical significance of anesthetics exposure on developing central nervous system remains undetermined. Therefore,we conducted the current study in order to observe the fluctuation of intelligence quotient (IQ)after the administration of dental general anesthesia comparing to that before surgery.We conducted the current study in order to observe the fluctuation of intelligence quotient (IQ)after the administration of dental general anesthesia compared with that before surgery.Methods:Thirty two patients,ASA Ⅰ, who were exposed to dental general anesthesia in Department of Pediatric Dentistry Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology,aged 4 to 6.5 years,were enrolled in this prospective study.Patients with severe learning difficulties or communication disorders were excluded.Written and informed consent was obtained from each patients’family which was fully explained of the purpose and method of study. Their intelligence quotients were evaluated with the Chinese Wechsler young children scale of intelligence (Urban version)before and 2 weeks after dental anesthesia.They were treated by experienced pediatric dentists and the sevoflurane,propofol and nitrous oxide were used for general anesthesia by anesthetist. Articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injections were used for their pulp treatment or extrac-tion.The examiners and scorers for IQ had technical training in the test administration.All the patients were tested by the same examiner and with standardized guide language.Each subtest was scored accor-ding to the tool review.Verbal IQ and performance IQ consisted of relevant 5 subtests and full scale IQ. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS 18.0.All the scores of subtests and 3 types of IQ were ex-pressed as x-±s.Paired two-tailed t test was applied and P<0.05 was accepted as statistically signifi-
cant.Results:The results of intelligent assessment from 28 subjects were collected.The anesthetic time was (163.4 ±32.6)min and the number of treated teeth was 12.1 ±2.3,mean age (4.60 ±0.41 ) years;age range=4.04 to 5.44 years.Among the patients,there were 13 girls and 15 boys.There was no significant difference in gender distribution.The postoperative full IQ (128.46 ±10.85 )was higher than that before surgery (124.64 ±11.46,P=0.017).We found that the elevation of performance IQ, to a large extent,contributed to this change in full IQ (P=0.007).Correspondingly,there was no sta-tistical difference in the verbal IQ,which was 119.68 ±11.74 to 120.21 ±15.61 (P=0.854).Con-clusion:Dental general anesthesia has no negative effect on the intelligence of preschool children,who were treated under general anesthesia by sevoflurane,propofol and nitrous oxide for 2 to 4 hours.The full IQ and performance IQ were slightly enhanced after treatment which can be explained by the memory effect.

Objective:To evaluate the reliability of several formulae for estimating the quantity of glucose absorption of peritoneal dialysate (GA).Methods:Forty-four patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were enrolled in this study. The quantities of GA obtained from actual measurement and estimation were compared to judge whether there was statistical difference between them.Results:The GA quantities estimated by Grodstein formula, Bodnar formula, K/DOQI formula, empirical method A (based on 60% absorption rate) and empirical method B (based on 50% absorption rate in daytime and 80% absorption rate in night) were as follows: 81.3 (64.2, 118.0) g, (97.8±19.7) g, (94.1±25.8) g, 87.1 (76.2, 109.0) g and (89.5±16.0) g, respectively; the actually measured GA quantity was [94.2 (77.5, 111.6)] g. Wilcoxon signed rank test of paired samples showed that only the results of Bodnar formula and K/DOQI formula did not present statistical differences from actually measured result.Conclusion:It can be considered to use Bodnar formula and K/DOQI formula to roughly estimate the GA quantity of CAPD patients, but to accurately understand the individual GA value, actual measurement is still required.