To observe the clinical effects of Depulpin in deciduous teeth. It was suggested that Depulpin was an effective and safe drug for pulp devitalizer in children.

We used near-infrared spectroscopy technology to monitor and assess the treatment effect of dehydrating agent in injured rat brain in real time style. We employed the brain edema model in rats resulting from Feeney' s freefall damage, then treated with different doses of mannitol, and collected reduced scattering coefficient (p',) and intracranial pressure (ICP) values after the injury and during the treatment. The results showed that brain edema happened 1 h after the injury in rats' brain tissue, peaked around 72 h after injury, and then began to decrease gradually. The reduced scattering coefficient and ICP values of the treatment group injected with mannitol all decreased after administration. Compared with the effect of low-dose mannitol treatment, that of high-dose mannitol treatment was much better. The duration of the plateau was longer and most experiments results declined significantly. From this we conclude that the reduced scattering coefficient and ICP are consistent with the trend changes, and the reduced scattering coefficient could be used as an indicator for monitoring cerebral edema.
Animals ; Brain Edema ; diagnosis ; Brain Injuries ; therapy ; Dehydration ; Diuretics, Osmotic ; therapeutic use ; Intracranial Pressure ; Male ; Mannitol ; therapeutic use ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Rats ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

Objective To study the relationship between urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER)and cardiac structure and function in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Five hundred and twenty patients with T2DM were divided into three groups by 8 h UAER:normoalbuminuria group(424 cases),microalbuminuria group(75 cases)and macroalbuminuria group(21 cases).At the same time,50 healthy people were selected as control group.The cardiac structure and function in four groups were evaluated by echocardiographic measurements.Results Left atrial dimensio[(34.39±3.46)mm],left ventricular posterior wall thickness[(10.34±1.05)mm],relative wall thickness(0.46±0.05),interventricular septal thickness[(10.49±1.07)mm],left ventricular mass[(167.37±32.12)g],left ventricular mass index[(87.62±12.16)g/m2]in macroalbuminuria group were significantly higher than those in control group[(32.59±2.71)mm,(9.30±0.77)mm,0.42±0.04,(9.75±0.81)mm,(147.33±27.23)g,(80.14±13.81)g/m2](P＜0.05),mean while the ratio of E/A(0.82±0.19)in macroalbuminuria group was significantly lower than that in control group(1.21±0.16)(P＜0.05).Conclusions In T2DM patients with albuminuria,the cardiac structure and function have changed.With the increase of UAER,the impairments are more prominent.And it may predict diabetes cardiomyopathy.

Objective To investigate the type 2 diabetic patients with glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin value as renal finction evaluation.Methods A total of 1217 patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy from August 1,2010 to June 31,2012 were selected.Evaluated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to the currently recommended simplified modification of diet in renal disease study (MDRD) formula.According to the K/DOQI guidelines for chronic kidney disease,patients were divided into three groups:group A [eGFR ≥90 ml/ (min ·1.73 m2)] of 891 cases,group B [60 ml/(min· 1.73 m2) ≤eGFR ＜ 90 ml/(min· 1.73 m2)] of 256 cases,group C[eGFR ＜ 60 ml/(min· 1.73 m2)]of 70 cases,respectively.Eight-hour urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) was compared between and among the groups; according to 8-hour UAER,patients were divided into three groups:group a (8-hour UAER ＜20 μg/min) of 946 cases,group b (20 μg/min≤8-hour UAER ＜200 μg/min) of 193 cases,group c(8-hour UAER ≥ 200 μ g/min) of 78 cases.eGFR was calculated and compared between and among the groups.Results Eight-hour UAER was (32.71 + 79.62),(57.56 + 130.59),(107.50 + 222.64) μ g/min in group A,B,C,and the difference among three groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05).eGFR was (110.78 ±32.75),(108.26 ±45.78),(94.96 ±32.30) ml/ (min ·1.73 m2) in group a,b,c,and the difference between group a and group c,or between group b and group c was statistically significant (P ＜0.05),but the difference between group a and group b was not statistically significant (P ＞0.05).Conclusion When evaluating the function of type 2 diabetic nephropathy,two indicators should be considered:glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the severity of diabetic retinopathy and serum bilirubin level. Methods From August 1 2008 to December 31 2009, hospitalized patients of 1062 cases with type 2 diabetes were divided into three groups according to fundus examination: no diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group (457 cases), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group (484 cases)and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group ( 121 cases). The difference in serum bilirubin level was compared. Results Total bilirubin in PDR, NPDR and NDR group were (9.96 ± 3.84), ( 11.41 ± 3.82),( 13.38 ± 3.98) μ mol/L respectively. There was significant difference among three groups (P ＜ 0.01 ). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that a drop in serum total bilirubin level was an independent risk factor of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusions Bilirubin level and the severity of diabetic retinopathy have some relationship. The antioxidant bilirubin and anti-inflammatory effect should be paid attention to.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cytogenetic characteristics of the patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML-M4), acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5)and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).MethodsChromosomes of bone marrow cells were prepared by short-term culture.Karyotype analysis was performed in 100 AML-M4,46 AML-M5 and 115 MDS by R-banding technique.Results26 ％ (26/100) AML-M4 had clonal cytogenetic abnormalities which mainly include +8,t(8;21) and -7.26 ％ (12/46) AML-M5 had clonal cytogenetic abnormalities which mainly include +11. 39 ％(45/115)had clonal cytogenetic abnormalities which mainly include +8, Hypodiploid and -7. ConclusionCytogenetic detection is very important for the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelocytic leukemia.

Objective To study the mutagenic activity of the organic extract and its five fractions of the dust collected from an aluminum electrolytic plant in so as to find out the genetic toxicants with stronger mutagenic activity.Methods The dust derived from aluminum electrolytic plant was collected on a fiberglass filter within the scope of the operator's breathing air. Four samples were equidistantly placed in the electrolytic plant. The sampling time lasted for 2 days. Before and after each sampling period, the filter was conditioned at constant relative humidity (50%±2%) and temperature (22℃±2℃) for 24 h and weighted to obtain the weight of suspended dust. The dust-laden filter was placed in Soxhlet extractor and the organic material was extracted for 8 h with 250 ml of spectrograde benzene. The benzene solution was filtered, concentrated to 10 ml and then lyophilized to have the dust organic extract. The dust organic extract was fractionated with a modified method of Wynder and Hoffmann into three fractions: organic acid, organic alkali and neutral. The neutral part was divided into aliphatic hydrocarbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and polar compounds. The dust organic extract and its five fractions were dissolved in DMSO, and stored in the dark at 4℃. The mutagenic activities of these fractions were detected with two Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98 and TA100). Both of the two strains bring R factor, and very sensitive to mutagenic activity of environmental pollutant. Based on the results of four-step method, they accorded with the experimental standard. A 9000g liver supernatant S9 was prepared from Aroclor 1254-induced male Wistar rats. In the tests of metabolic activation, 50 μl of S9 was used in a plate. Ames test was performed essentially according to the procedure described by Maron and Ames. Dust organic extract and its five fractions were dissolved in DMSO. Three doses of the test were 200 μg/plate, 400 μg/plate and 800 μg/plate, respectively. Meanwhile, blank and positive controls were used, each treatment in triplicate. All of the tests were repeated 3 times.Results Mutagenic activities of the dust organic extract and its five fractions were different from one another although within the concentration range of the test, the dust organic extract and its five fractions all increased in revertants for TA98 and TA100. After addition of S9, revertants increased slightly. Mutagenic activity of the dust organic extract was very strong for TA98 and TA100, and after adding S9, it was higher than that without S9. All polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon showed a mutagenic activity for TA98 and TA100, with and without S9. All polar compounds, detected for TA98, with and without S9, showed mutagenic activities, but they could result in mutagenic activity for TA100 at the concentrations of 400-800 μg/plate only. Organic acid showed mutagenic activity only at the concentrations of 400-800 μg/plate for TA98 and TA100, with and without S9. In the same conditions, no mutagenic activities were detected in the other two fractions, namely organic alkali and aliphatic hydrocarbon, either for TA98 or TA100, with and without S9.Conclusions The dust organic extract derived from an aluminum electrolytic plant and its three fractions, namely organic acid, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and polar compounds, showed mutagenic activities. According to the results of this study, protective measures should be taken to abate the dust in aluminum plants, control carcinogens and mutagens, and to protect the environment and human health.

Objective Using transcranial Doppler (TCD) to evaluate the effect of selective shunt (SS) during carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods TCD was used for intraoperative bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) cerebral blood flow continuous monitoring in 169 patients with carotid stenosis treated with CEA. The patients were divided into shunt (n =32)and non-shunt (n = 137) groups according to whether they performed shunt or not. The open approaches of anterior collateral circulation were recorded. The peak systolic velocity (PSV),mean velocity (MV), pulsatility index (PI), and ratio of MV in bilateral MCA were compared after anesthesia, before and after carotid artery occlusion, before and after shunt, and after carotid artery open. Results MV before carotid artery occlusion in the shunt and non-shunt groups were 34.73 ± 13.54 cm/sand 35.32 ± 13.18 cm/s, respectively, and there was no significant difference (P = 0. 825). MV in the shunt group after carotid artery occlusion was significantly decreased in the non-shunt group (P =0. 000). The mean decline rate of MCA MV was 69.34% ± 20. 93%, and it was decreased more significantly than that in the non-shunt group (P=0. 000). The decline rate of MCA MV was increased significantly after shunt operation, the average increase was 35.68 ± 16.69 cm/s (P=0. 000). Conclusions TCD can objectively evaluate the hemodynamic changes before and after shunt operation.

Objective To evaluate the short-term and long-term effects in patients of carotid artery subtotal or complete occlusion after carotid endarterectomy ( CEA) using vascular ultrasound. Methods A total of 107 consecutive patients were diagnosed as carotid artery occlusive disease with DSA and treated with CEA at Beijing Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2005 to January 2014 were enrolled retrospectively. Sixty-three of them had subtotal occlusion ( the carotid artery stenosis rate 95% to 99%) and 44 had complete occlusion. The occurrence of perioperative complications of all patients was documented. The follow-up study used outpatient follow-up and telephone tracking. The patients of surgical recanalization were followed up with ultrasound at 1 week, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after procedure. The clinical prognosis, restenosis, vascular structure and hemodynamic changes of the patients after CEA were documented. Results (1) Of the 107 patients,86 (80. 4%) achieved recanalization after procedure and 21 (19. 6%) did not. The incidence of stroke and death was 4. 7% (5 cases) within 30 days after procedure,among them the incidence of subtotal occlusion group was 4. 8% ( n=3 cases) and the complete occlusion group was 4. 5% (2 cases). (2) Within one week after procedure,the peak systolic velocity ( PSV) ,end diastolic velocity ( EDV) ,and pulsatility index ( PI) of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery in the recanalization patients increased significantly (120 ± 39 cm/s vs 60 ± 17 cm/s,50 ± 18 cm/s vs 33±11cm/s,and0.96±0.20vs0.67±0.14,respectively).Thereweresignificantdifferences(allP<0. 01). Carotid artery ultrasound showed that the local vessel diameters of the original lesions in the recanalization patients were widened as compared with preoperation (4. 4 ± 1. 1 and 3. 6 ± 1. 0 mm). There was significant difference (P<0. 01). (3) Sixty-nine patients with recanalization were followed up for 1 to 60 months( the median time was 12 months) . One to six months after procedure,the patency rate of the patients was 95. 6%(n=66),>6 to 12 months was 94. 2%(n=65),>12 to 24 months was 94. 2%(n=65),and more than 2 years was 91. 3%(n=63). Conclusion Vascular ultrasound can conduct short-term and long-term follow-up for carotid artery occlusive disease after CEA. The degree of blood flow improvement should be identified and restenosis should be found in time after procedure.

AIM: To establish a sensitive and specific liquid chromatobraphy-mass spectrometry(time-of-flight)[LC-MS(TOF)] for the determination of astragaloside Ⅳ in rabbit plasma. METHODS: The HPLC-MS utilizing solid phase extraction was established to determine the concentration of astragaloside IV and ginsenoside R_~g1 , was used as internal standard. The analysis was carried on Agilent Hypersiol ODS(5 ?m, 4.6 mm?250 mm) column with a mobile phase of methanol-water (80∶20, v/v).Detection was performed on a time-of-flight mass spectrometry equipped with an ESI internal and operated in positive-ionization mode. Astragaloside Ⅳ quantitation was realized by computing the peak area ratio (astragaloside Ⅳ-ginsenoside R_~g1 )(astragaloside Ⅳ m/z807[M+Na]+ and ginsenoside R_~g1 m/z823[M+Na]+) and comparing them with calibration curve (r=~0.999 ). RESULTS: The linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of 0.01-5 ?g?L~-1 .The detection limit of astragaloside Ⅳ was 0.01 ?g?L~-1 .The average recovery was more than 98%.The intra-and inter-run precision was measured to be below 5% of RSD. CONCLUSION: The method is sensitive, simple and rapid ,so, it can meet the need for the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of astragaloside Ⅳ.