In this article, the author presents experience of JICA’s project, “The Project for Enhancement of Nursing Competency through In-Service Training” (hereinafter referred to as “the Project”) that is under implementation with the Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, five universities and nine hospitals in Indonesia (hereinafter referred to as “counterparts”) based on the author’s experience as an expert for the Project from December 2012 to December 2015. In the Project, Indonesian counterparts improved their Nursing Career Ladder (hereinafter referred to as “the Ladder”) and modified/developed several training curricula in line with the Ladder.
  As a result, through improvement/development of the Ladder and several curricula in the Project, several results were found such as utilization of the Ladder for curriculum development; training planning and management; allocation of nursing authorities to nurses; effective allocation of human resources. It was also found that the Ladder could be utilized as the internal control in line with the Ladder of the Project and literature study.
  Presently, the Ladder is utilized for human resource development and human resource allocation and defined as a tool for nursing human resource development and career management, however the author concluded that the Ladder can be utilized for nursing management in consistent manner; communication between hospital (management) and nurse; fair evaluation; designated training contents and effective training planning; communication between hospital and stakeholders; allocation of authority; internal control by discussing the Ladder based on literature study, project activities and project results that were reported in the reports such as the Project’s mind-term review reports, experts reports to JICA and Indonesian counterparts and so on.

  The Government of Indonesia (GOI) implemented a social security program, however, not all the population are covered as the Constitute of the Republic of Indonesia guarantee at its article 28th and obligate the GOI provide social security to all population.
  In 2004, the GOI introduced a new social security system targeting all population in order to achieve an improved coverage and integrated it into a unified system. The GOI has introduced a National Health Insurance System ahead of other social security systems on the 1st January 2014.
  It is also obligated foreigners who have lived in Indonesia for more than 6 months to participate. However, dissemination of the new system to the public was not enough at the timing of the introduction. Especially for foreigners as there is not enough information in any foreign language.
  The new system follows some parts of the previous program which was introduced for lower income population in 2005, the focuses are prioritizing on primary care and introducing a payment system for health care services. For accessing the health care services under the insurance system, all insurance holders have to attend the primary care institution at the beginning. Improving the quality and quantity of primary care service institutions requires important key factors to enhance the system and to increase the coverage.
  This article reviews the previous social security system and studies the laws and regulations relating to it, especially the new national health insurance system which was introduced in January 2014. It also discusses the challenges in enhancing the health insurance system and achieving Universal Health Coverage.