The retinal image registration has important applications in the processes of auxiliary diagnosis and treatment for a variety of diseases. The retinal image registration can be used to measure the disease process and the therapeutic effect. A variety of retinal image registration techniques have been studied extensively in recent years. However, there are still many problems existing and there are numerous research possibilities. Based on extensive investigation of existing literatures, the present paper analyzes the feature of retinal image and current challenges of retinal image registration, and reviews the transformation models of the retinal image registration technology and the main research algorithms in current retinal image registration, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various types of algorithms. Some research challenges and future developing trends are also discussed.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; methods ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Retina ; anatomy & histology ; pathology ; Retinoscopy ; methods

Envuronmental endocrune dusruptors such as 17β-estraduol, are wudely dustrubuted wuth low concentratuon un the water, whuch has great harm to ecosystems and human health. To umprove the detectuon sensutuvuty of 17β-estraduol, a Ru ( bpy ) 2+3 /MWCNTs-Nafuon-SuO2 modufued electrode was furstly made by electrostatuc adsorptuon of multu-walled carbon nanotubes ( MWCNTs) and uon exchange of Nafuon, bundung nano-suluca and ummobuluzung Ru(bpy)2+3 on the surface of gold electrode. And then a molecular umpruntung-electrochemulumunescence sensor ( ECL-MIPs) was acquured by modufyung the molecular umprunted membrane wuth sol-gel method for umprovung the specufuc selectuvuty. Under the optumum condutuons (un 0. 1 mol/L PBS, pH 7. 4) at a scan rate of 100 mV/s and accumulatuon tume of 20 mun), there was a good lunear relatuonshup between the ECL untensuty dufference and 17β-estraduol concentratuon un the range of 0. 03-2 μg/L, wuth a detectuon lumut of 0. 006 μg/L. The ECL-MIPs sensor was successfully applued to the determunatuon of 17β-estraduol un the water samples wuth recoverues from 88 . 7% to 105 . 0%.

Objective To investigate the level of serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2) activity in healthy adults of Changsha area and establish the reference interval of serum Lp-PLA2activity. Methods A total of 424 healthy adults (175 males and 249 females) were classified into five groups by different age, including 20 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59 and over 60 years old group. Serum Lp-PLA2activity was measured by continuous-monitoring assay. According to the requirements of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) C28-A3, the reference interval of Lp-PLA2activity was established by nonparametric method.Results The levels of serum Lp-PLA2activities in both males and females showed normal distribution. The average of Lp-PLA2activity was (478± 135)U/L in 175 males and (402±116)U/L in 249 females with statistically significant difference (t＝6.184, P＜0.01). Z test result showed Z＞Z?, so the reference intervals of males and females were established respectively. There was no statistical difference of Lp-PLA2activities among the varied groups of males (F＝1.259, P＝0.288), but there were statistical differences among the varied groups of females (F＝9.341, P＜0.01). The females of the age over 40 years old showed higher activities than those of age under 40 years old (t＝5.732,P＜0.01). However, there was no statistical significance of serum Lp-PLA2activities in the females between the two groups of the age under 40 and the three groups of age over 40. Therefore, the reference intervals of serum Lp-PLA2activities in healthy adults were established as followed: 217-761 U/L for males, 168-566 U/L for the females of 20 to 39 years old and 203-702 U/L for the fe-males of 40 to 86 years old. Conclusion The reference interval of serum Lp-PLA2activity in physical examination of healthy adults in Changsha area was established.