Aiming at the present situation that the students of traditional Chinese college usually have relatively weak background knowledge in western medicine, we proposed that pharmacological teaching should improve teaching quality by explaining the profound knowledge in simple terms, focusing on key-point knowledge, contacting clinical practice ,and making full use of multimedia.

Objectives To investigate antimicrobial resistance and beta-lactamase production of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from respiratory tract in children and to understand the characteristics of BRO beta-lactamase gene. Methods From June 2011 to Sep-tember 2012, 401 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates were obtained from respiratory tract in children. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of commonly-used antibiotics were determined by microbroth dilution assay, and beta-lactamase production was detected by Nitroceifn disk test. PCR combining restriction endonuclease analysis was employed to do the BRO genotyping. Results 96.5%iso-lates were beta-lactamase positive (387/401), MIC (MIC50/MIC90) values and resistant rates of beta-lactamase producing isolates were higher than those of non beta-lactamase producing isolates for ampicillin, cefaclor and cefuroxime (P<0.05). The positive rate of BRO gene was 99.2%in beta-lactamase producing isolates (384/387), consisting of 93.0%BRO-1 isolates and 7.0%BRO-2 isolates. MIC50 and MIC90 values of BRO-1+isolates were higher than those of BRO-2+isolates for ampicillin, cefaclor, cefuroxime and azithromycin. Conclusions The beta-lactamase production rate is high in Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from respiratory tract in children. BRO-1 type was the dominant genotype of beta-lactamase producing isolates, having more inlfuence than BRO-2 type in the inlfuence on some beta-lactams and macrolides.

Objective To translate the English version of Infant Feeding & Nutrition Checklist For Congenital Heart Disease (IFNC:CHD) into Chinese,and to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of IFNC:CHD.Methods After obtaining authorization from the developer,the IFNC:CHD was translated and culturally adapted into Chinese version.The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of IFNC:CHD were tested in 168 patients.Results The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.804.Two nurses used the scale to evaluate the consistency of the results,and the Kappa coefficient was 0.812.The content validity index of item ranged from 0.80 to 1.00,and the average index was 0.90 for the total scale.The correlations coefficients between each dimension score and the total score ranged from 0.339 to 0.474 (P＜0.01),and the correlations coefficients between each dimension score ranged from 0.198 to 0.861(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),Three factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 72.66％.Conclusion The Chinese version of IFNC:CHD has been proved to have good reliability and validity.It can be used to assess infant feeding and nutritional risk of congenital heart disease in the Chinese settings.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.24.007

Objective To study the characteristics and differences of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and the fractional ALFF (fALFF) of the major disorder depression (MDD) and their first-degree relatives in the resting state by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),to understand the early brain function in patients with MDD.Methods 3.0T fMRI in the resting state was performed in 10 patients with MDD (the depression group),10 first-degree relatives of MDD (the first-degree relatives group) and 10 healthy volunteers (the control group).A statistics analysis of ALFF and fALFF were performed subsequently.Results The ALFF and fALFF values measured in left cerebellum, left precuneus and left medial prefrontal cortex of MDD group were significantly lower than those of the first-degree relatives group (P<0.05).The ALFF values measured in right posterior cingulate cortex and right superior parietal lobule of MDD group were significantly lower than those of the first-degree relatives group (P<0.05).The ALFF and fALFF values measured in left cerebellum, left precuneus and left superior parietal lobule of MDD group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).The ALFF values measured in right cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex of MDD group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).There was no significance difference found in ALFF values between the first-degree relatives group and the control group,the fALFF values measured in left superior parietallobule of the first-degree relatives group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion As the widespread ALFF, fALFF abnormalities of brain in MDD and first-degree relatives of MDD,a hypothesis can be get that these abnormal brain region may be associated with cognitive network disorders and emotional distress in MDD.

Aim To investigate the reversal effect of cinobufacine(Cino)on adrimycin(ADM)resistant human breast cancer cell line MCF-7/ADM.Methods The cytotoxic effect of Cino or ADM and the sensitivity of ADM to cells was determined by MTT assay.The intracellular concentration of ADM was detected by HPLC. The expression of P-glycoprotein(P-gp)was examined by flow cytometric(FCM) .Results The maximum non-toxic dose Cino(15 mg?L-1) increased the sensitivity of ADM in MCF-7/ADM,decreased the IC50 of ADM in MCF-7/ADM from 38.14 mg?L-1 to 12.93 mg?L-1, and significantly increased the intracellular concentration of ADM in MCF-7/ADM and reduced the expression of P-glycoprotein.Conclution The results showed that Cino can partially reverse multidrug resistance(MDR)of MCF-7/ADM cells and the mechanism might be associated with the increase of intracellular accumulation of ADM and the reduced expression of P-glycoprotein(P-gp)in MCF-7/ADM cells.

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effect of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) mediated herpes simplex virus thymedine kinase (HSV-TK) on mice ovarian cancer.Methods Forty female BALB/c-nu mice were randomly divided into four groups after the models of subcutaneous transplantation tumors were established:(A)HSV-TK + Microbubbles + Ultrasound (HSV-TK+ MBs + US);(B) HSV-TK+ Ultrasound (HSV-TK + US);(C) HSV-TK;(D) PBS.TheTK protein and mRNA expression were separately detected by western-blot and real time RT-PCR.TUNEL staining was used to detect the tumor cell apoptosis.The inhibition rates and survival time of the animals were compared among all groups.Results The HSV-TK gene transfection efficacy and tumor inhibitory effect of HSV-TK on mice transplantable tumor in group A (HSV-TK + MBs + US) were significantly improved compared with group B (HSV-TK + US),group C (HSV-TK) and group D (PBS) (P ＜0.05).However,group A has no significant difference (P ＞0.05) with other groups in improving the survival time of tumor-bearing mice.Conclusions Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction can effectively transfect HSV-TK gene into target tissues and play a significant inhibition effect on ovarian cancer in mice.However,this new method is not able to improve the survival time of mice for a short-term observation.

Objective To study the relationship between umbilical cord leptin levels and fetal growth as well as neonatal birth weight. Methods One hundred and forty - two neonates selected from February 2009 to June 2013 in Shangqiu First People's Hospital according to the different gestational age and birth weight were divided into 3 groups. Group A included 44 cases(small for gestational age,birth weight below the average weight of the 10th percentile at the same gestational age),23 boy cases,21 girl cases;group B included 56 cases(appropriate for gestational age,birth weight at the average weight of the 10th to 90th percentile at the same gestational age),30 boy cases,26 girl cases;group C included 42 cases(large for gestational age,birth weight above the average weight of the 90th percentile at the same gestational age),22 boy cases,20 girl cases. Neonatal body mass index,birth weight,placenta weight and umbilical lep-tin levels of three groups were compared. Results Neonatal birth weight,neonatal body length,body mass index and the placenta weight leptin levels in group A were significantly lower than those of group B,having statistically significant difference(all P ﹤ 0. 001);Neonatal birth weight,neonatal body length,body mass index and the placenta weight leptin levels in group C were significantly higher than those in group B,with statistically significant difference( all P ﹤0. 001). Neonatal birth weight in the boy group was obviously higher than that of the girl group,and the difference was statistically significant(P ﹤ 0. 001). Neonatal leptin levels in the boy group were significantly lower than that of the girl group,and the difference was statistically significant(P ﹤ 0. 001). There were positive correlations between the umbili-cal cord leptin levels and the neonatal birth weight,neonatal length,neonatal weight index and the placenta weight(r =0. 382,0. 276,0. 358,0. 412,all P ﹤ 0. 01). Conclusions The umbilical cord leptin levels are closely associated with neonatal birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation,and it can be used as one of the important indicators for reflec-ting neonatal birth weight and fetal growth.

Objective To study the value of score for neonatal acute physiology Ⅱ(SNAP]Ⅱ) and its extension version Ⅱ (SNAPPE-Ⅱ) in predicting neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) outcome.Methods We explored 73 NEC patients by statistics who were treated in our hospital from January 2002 to January 2012.The patients were divided into two groups:surgery group and non-surgery group,then they were divided into subgroups:alive group and death group.The general information including birth weight,age,clinical manifestations,treatment of patients were collected.Every patient was checked and scored by the methods SNAP-Ⅱ] and SNAPPE-Ⅱ in time.Results The scores (27.0 ± 2.3,26.5 ± 1.8) of surgery group including SNAP-Ⅱ and SNAPPE-Ⅱ were higher than those (14.0 ± 2.1,15.0 ± 2.5) in the non-surgery group(P ＜ 0.01).The scores(31.0 ± 3.2,31.0 ± 3.4) of the death group including SNAP-Ⅱ and SNAPPE-Ⅱ were higher than those(11.0 ± 2.5,10.0 ± 3.6) in the alive group(P ＜ 0.01).According to the area under the curve(AUC) analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve for measuring the scores of surgery predicting,AUC was 0.726 for SNAP-Ⅱ and 0.732 for SNAPPE-Ⅱ.The value of predicting surgery risk was 20 and 24 respectively.According to the AUC analyzed by the ROC curve for measuring the scores for surgery predicting,AUC was 0.752 for SNAP-Ⅱ and 0.825 for SNAPPE-Ⅱ.The value of predicting mortality risk was 31 and 33 respectively.All P values were less than 0.01 and there were significant differences.Conclusion The two kinds of score for neonatal acute physiology have an important significance in predicting surgery and mortality risk of NEC.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic accuracy of the score of toxic epidermal necrolysis (SCORTEN) scoring system in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) or Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS).Methods Clinical data were collected from 39 patients with SJS/TEN hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital during April 1992 and March 2014,and retrospectively analyzed.Among the 39 patients,13 had died,and the other 26 patients,who were matched to the dead patients in a ratio of 2:1 for age,all had a definite diagnosis and were discharged with improved conditions.The SCORTEN scoring system was used to evaluate the 39 patients with SJS/TEN and calculate expected mortality.The expected mortality and actual mortality were compared between different groups stratified by age in the 39 patients.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to assess the prognostic accuracy of the SCORTEN scoring system.Results According to the SCORTEN scoring system,15 out of the 39 patients scored 1 point,14 scored 2 points,6 scored 3 points,and 4 scored 4 points.The total number of expected deaths was 6.808,while that of actual deaths was 13.There was no significant difference between the expected mortality and actual mortality in every SCORTEN score-based group.The area under curve (AUC) was 0.832 8,indicating a good predictive ability of the SCORTEN scoring system.Conclusion The SCORTEN scoring system can predict mortality in TEN/SJS patients at early stage.