BACKGROUND: Biliary complications are a common cause of death in patients after liver transplantation, biliary endoscopic minimally invasive technique is gradually becoming an important tool to solve biliary complications following orthotopic liver transplantation.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the literatures on the biliary tract complications after liver transplantation, and to demonstrate a clear role of bile duct endoscopy in biliary complications.METHODS: Using "orthotopic liver transplantation, biliary complications, biliary tract, endoscope technique" in English for the search term, Pubmed database were searched between January 1980 and October 2008; Using "liver transplantation, biliary complications, bile duct cast, cholangioscopy" in Chinese for the search term, Vip Chinese Periodical Database and CNKI database were searched between 1994 and January 2009. Literature language was limited to English and Chinese. The studies related to bile duct injury-caused biliary complications after liver transplantation were included, while other research unrelated to biliary complications after liver transplantation were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 52 literatures were screened out by the primary computer inspection, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 ones were involved for analysis. Biliary complications and vascular complications are considered as a common cause of death in patients after liver transplantation, particularly in biliary complications has become the major reason limiting the development of liver transplantation. Because of the difficulties on early recognition and treatment, the importance of the treatment for the complications in liver transplant patients is increasingly attracting more and more attention. Endoscopic operation technology and their subsidiary parts are improving, particularly therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and biliary mirror technology are developing and continuously improving, biliary endoscopic minimally invasive technique is gradually becoming a major approach to solve biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation, The minimally invasive endoscopic diagnosis and treatment is an intuitive, reliable and credible means for the biliary complications after liver transplantation, serving as the most preferred method for diagnosing and treating biliary complications after liver transplantation.

Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) is considered to be effective in restoring the impaired limb motor function in patients after stroke. CIMT enhanced neurogenesis in sub-ventricular zone and promoted the proliferation and long-term survival of the newborn neurons in the ischemic penumbra region. CIMT also enhanced the midline-crossing phenomenon, which means the midline crossing of the contralesional corticospinal tract originated nerve fibers to the denervated side in the cervical spinal cord. CIMT down-regulated the expression of Neurite outgrowth inhibitor-A (Nogo-A) as well as regulated other molecules to promote the growth of nerve fibers. In addition, CIMT ajusted the expression of brain- derived neurotrophic factor and Rho kinsase. Nevertheless, whether the structural plasticity caused by CIMT really participated in limb function remains unknown. And many studies on molecular mechanisms lack the evidence of necessary promotion and inhibition of the related molecule.

Objective To establish a flow cytometric method for assay of platelet aggregation induced by shear stress(SIPA) and investigate its clinical value. Methods After the whole blood was subjected to a certain shear stress by a rotational viscometer, the platelets were activated and aggregated. Then the fluorescence antibody CD61 PerCP was added to stain the platelets. The free platelets and aggregates were counted respectively by flow cytometry, thereby the ratio of platelet aggregation was calculated. Results Shear stress-induced whole blood platelet aggregation varied with the increase of shear stress and time of stress. Only a small amount of platelet aggregation was detected at relatively low shear stress of 100S -1, and it was increased at 500S -1. However, a significant increase occurred with 2 000S -1. It approached to the maximum value (58.4%?5.3%) at 3 000S -1 with exposure of 3min, which was higher than the values at 100S -1(9.4%?1.3%)and 500S -1(26.4%?3.2%). At the same time, the aggregates increased in size and became more compact with increase in the shear stress and prolongation of time. High shear stress induced platelet aggregation(H-SIPA) was significantly enhanced in patients with AMI, cerebral infarction, TIA or diabetes, all of them were susceptible to coagulopathy, compared with normal control. Conclusion The results indicated that shear stress could induce platelet aggregation directly, and the degree of SIPA had positive correlation with the stress stength and exposure time.The measurement of H-SIPA was of some clinical value in the diagnosis of arterial thrombosis.

Objective To evaluate miniature probe endoscopic ultrasonography (mEUS) in diagnosis of submucosal tumor (SMT) of upper digestive tract.Methods We observed 91 patients with SMT,and mEUS was performed to assess the lesions arised from the specific layer of the wall.Results Among all cases,leiomyoma was the most common,57 cases,found in esophagus more than in stomach;14 of cysts,9 of vascular lesions,5 of lipoma,and 2 cases of malignant stromal tumors.Malignant lesions and part of benign lesions were confirmed by histological examination.Conclusion mEUS is a simple,safe and effective method for SMT,and it can be clue to the location and nature of SMT.

On the basis of superimposed stenosis, a model of femoral occlusive thrombus was produced in 12 dogs. Among them, urokinase+saline were given in 6 dogs (group A), aptamer was given ten minutes before urokinase in another 6(group B). The aim of the study was to explore the effect of a new direct sited thrombin inhibitor thrombin aptamer on thrombolysis . The results showed that the interval between thrombosis and reflow was significantly different between this two groups ( P

Objective To study the relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and intracranial and extracranial vascular stenosis in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Methods 405 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease were chosen to detect their serum homocysteine(Hcy) concentrations using automatic biochemical analyzer by enzymatic cycle detection,and the levels of serum folate and Vitamin B12 were detected .The intracranial vascular were detected by Transcranial Doppler, and the extracranial vascular were detected by Color Doppler. The internal carotid arteries(ICA) were classified as normal, mild stenosis(95%). Results Mean serum Hcy concentrations were significantly higher in patients with stenosis of intracranial or (and) extracranial vascular than that in the patients with no arterial stenosis (P0.05). The serum Hcy concentrations were different significantly in patients with different severities of the ICA stenosis and the MCA stenosis (all P0.05). The serum Hcy concentrations were positive correlation with severities of the ICA stenosis and the MCA stenosis(r=0.356, P

Objective To develop a balloon-type head fixation pillow for interventional neuroradiology operation.Methods Some radiotransparent sponge with high elasticity and strength and some nonopaque cloth with high skin compatibility were employed to make pillow base adaptable to the posterior fossa, neck and shoulder. A inflatable balloon made of anti-tensile airtight nylon was used to fix the underjaw.Results The fixation pillow gained advantages over the common one in imaging times, X-ray exposure dose and abnormal condition.Conclusion The head fixation pillow may decrease operating time, exposure dose and complications during interventional neuroradiology operation, and thus is worth popularizing clinically.

Objective To summarize our experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic splenic rupture (TSR), in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment effect of TSR. Methods Retrospective (analysis) of the diagnosis and treatment of 184 patients with traumatic splenic rupture in recent 9 years was made. Results The preoperative correct diagnosis rate was 96.7% and was established on the history of (injury), clinical presentation, abdominal paracentesis, abdominal ultrasonography and CT. All the 34 of (patients) treated nonoperatively were cured. Of the 150 patients treated by operation, two died during operation and 148 patients were cured. Conclusions Combination of obtaining a detailed history of injury, physical examination, abdominal paracentesis, abdominal ultrasonography and CT can improve the accuracy rate of (preoperative) diagnosis.Under the ensurrance of the safety of the patients' life, preservation of the spleen should be performed if possible, especially for children. Both splenorrhaphy with or without ligation of splenic artery are simple, safe and effective methods to salvage the spleen.

Objective To investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of endovascular implantation of 125I seeds under the dual-guidance of ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with portal vein tumor thrombus. Methods A total of 30 patients with primary HCC complicated by portal vein tumor thrombus underwent implantation of 125I seeds via portal vein. Guided by ultrasound, percutaneous transhepatic puncturing of portal vein was performed first, then, catheter was inserted, which was followed by transcatheter 125I seeds implantation into the affected portal vein under DSA guidance. The technical success rate, postoperative complications, routine blood tests, liver function, the suppression of portal vein tumor thrombus and survival time were analyzed. Results Successful implantation of 125I seeds was achieved in all patients, no serious procedure-related complications occurred. All patients were followed up for 3-36 months, the portal vein tumor thrombus showed a significant shrinkage in all patients. The median survival time was about seven months. Conclusion For the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with portal vein tumor thrombus, endovascular implantation of 125I seeds under the dual-guidance of ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography is clinically safe and feasible. This treatment has satisfactory effect on the portal vein tumor thrombus.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of fractures caused by earthquake to elevate the quality of prevention and treatment and reduce the mortality and disability rate.Methods A retrospectire study was performed on the data of 1 262 patients with fractures caused by earthquake from May 12,2008 to Aug 31,2008.The following data was statistically analyzed:cause of injury,injured part,associated injuries and treatment.Resultsof the 1 262 cases,11 resulted in deaths;bruise and crush trauma was the major cause (93.98%)of casualties;fractures oflimbs were the main types(55.7%)of fracture;operation was the major treatment.Concluslon Correct treatment is important for fractures caused by earthquake to reduce mortality and disability rate.