Objective To study the finding and patterns of chronic inflammatory sinonasal disease on CT. Methods All of 93 patients with chronic inflammatory sinonasal disease by clinical observations and operation,the appearances and patterns of chronic inflammatory sinonasal disease were analyszed.Results Six radiological patterns of inflammatory sinonasal disease were identified:( 1) infundibular,16/93 or 17%;( 2) osteaomeatal unit,27/93 or 28% ; (3) sphenoethmoidal recess,5/93 or 6%;(4) sinonasal polyposis,17/93 or 18%;(5) sporadic ( unclassifiabal ) ,13/93 or 14%;(6) mixing pattern,15/93 or 16% .Conclusion Assignment of patients to radiological patterns allows tailored endoscopic sinonasal surgical approach.

Objective To study the characteristic of inhibition on platelet P2Y12 and short-term change after clopidogrel intake in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods Thirty-two patients with cardiovascular disease were enrolled. Samples at baseline, 10 h and 36 h after 300 mg loading dose and 75 mg/d maintenance dose of clopidogrel with 100 mg/d Aspirin intake were measured respectively. Platelet aggregation (PAgT) was measured on thromboelastograph(TEG) induced by ADP/AA. INH was detected and calculated activated by Kaolin, AA, ADP and Activator((R)) in the TEG reagent. CD62p and VASP phosphorylation (PRI), platelet activation markers were tested with FACSCalibur Flow Cytometry, and platelet secretion activity and suppression of P2Y12 receptor were detected respectively. The changes of indicators were compared before and after clopidogrel intake, and evaluate their function in platelet receptor activation. Results INHADP at baseline was (11.5 ±9.3)%, and increased to (42.5 ±29.1)% statistically (t =3.155, P<0.05) after taking the P2Y12 at 10 h, but decreased to (20.4±13.1)% at 36 h, non-statistical to baseline (t = 2.078, P > 0. 05) , INHAA increases from baseline level (56. 6 ± 36. 6) % to (83.0 ±27. 3)% at 10h(t=2.086,P>0.05) and (85. 4 ±20. 8)% at 36 h (t= 1. 888, P>0.05), no statistical defferences were found. Inhibition on platelet activativation induced by ADP function well till 36 h after 300 mg loading dose. PAgTADP decrease from (53. 7 ± 14. 1)% at baseline to (49. 2 ±22. 8)% at 10 h non-statistically (t=0.656, P>0.05), and (40.7±12.8)% at 36 h statistically (t=2.418, P<0.05), however PAgTAA decrease at both 10 h and 36 h statiscally, from (34. 3 ± 18. 1) % to (17.4 ± 13. 1) % , (t=3.134, P<0.05) and (14.6±5.1)%, (t=2.532, P<0.05), respectively. Data of PAgT was not corresponding to that from TEG for the difference in sample type partly. PRI in VASP assay was (78. 6 ± 22.3)% before loading dose, and decreased to (70.7 ±9.4)% at 10 h without significance (t = l. 194, P>0.05) and (59.6 ±28.0)% at 36 h (t=1.930,P<0.05) statistically, similarly to INHADP,indicating that within 36 h clopidogrel did not have strong inhibitory effect on the ADP receptor. On the contrary, CD62p changed from (7. 5 ± 1. 4) % at baseline to (4. 2 ± 1. 1) % statistically (10 h, t = 18. 027, P < 0. 05) and ( 4. 3 ± 0. 2 ) % non-statistically (36 h, t = 2. 908, P > 0. 05 ). Inhibition of secretion activity reflected by CD62p was significant. In contrast, it was more obvious inhibition in COX-1 passway, while the inhibition of P2Y12 receptor varied due to assay difference. Conclusions AA-induced platelet activation is significantly decreased in the inhibition of clopidogrel and aspirin, while ADP receptor is significantly inhibited until 36 h after the loading dose of clopidogrel. Platelet function in whole blood reflects total activity of platelet interaction with other components, in which no significant inhibition could be witnessed within 10 h.

Objective To observe the effects of nourishing lung and kidney formulas on inflammatory response of alveolar epithelial cells stimulated by monocytes conditioned medium and study the anti-inflammatory mechanism of the formulas for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).Methods The reproduction of inflammation models of A549 cells were stimulated by monocyte THP-1 cell strain conditioned medium.A549 cells were randomly divided into blank control group (20％ blank rabbits serum),model group (20％ blank rabbits serum+25.0％ THP-1 cell conditioned medium),nuclear transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway inhibitor T-5224group (20％ blank rabbits serum+25.0％ THP-1 cells conditioned medium+100 μmol/L T-5224),nourishing lung and kidney group (20％ rabbits serum with nourishing lung and kidney formulas+25.0％ THP-1 cells conditioned medium).The contents of interleukins (IL-6,IL-8),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-αα),matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) in cell culture supernatant were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),the supernatant content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was detected with thibabituric acid (TBA) method,the total activity of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) was detected with hydroxylamine method,and the activity of AP-1 pathway was detected with electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) method.Results Compared with the blank control group,the A549 cell proliferation were significantly increased at 24 hours,48 hours stimulation by 25.0％ cell conditioned medium (A value:24 hours was 0.41 ± 0.02 vs.0.37 ± 0.04,48 hours was 1.30 ± 0.09 vs.1.15 ± 0.19).Compared with the blank control group,the contents of IL-6,IL-8,TNF-αα,MMP-9,MDA,AP-1 expression were significantly increased in model group [IL-6 (ng/L):35.00±3.63 vs.23.15±1.72,IL-8 (ng/L):273.09± 164.36 vs.231.45±33.90,TNF-α(ng/L):51.61 ± 9.51 vs.28.87 ± 3.34,MMP-9 (ng/L):442.85 ± 78.86 vs.235.60 ± 14.62,MDA (μmol/L):6.90 ± 0.11 vs.6.01 ± 0.12,AP-1 expression (A value):2.260 ± 0.062 vs.1.000 ± 0.000],MDA/T-SOD ratio was increased (4.43 ± 0.05vs.3.96 ± 0.06).Compared with model group,the levels of IL-8 (ng/L:100.29 ± 17.03),TNF-α (ng/L:25.13 ± 0.46),AP-1 expression (A value:1.38 ± 0.02),and the MDA/T-SOD ratio (4.23 ± 0.23) in T-5224 group,and MMP-9 (ng/L:195.44±9.80),MDA (μmol/L:5.86±0.30),MDA/T-SOD ratio (3.56±0.41),AP-1 expression (A value:0.76 ± 0.01) in nourishing lung and kidney group were all reduced significantly (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Nourishing lung and kidney formulas can suppress the inflammatory response through regulating the alveolar epithelial cells AP-1 signaling pathways.

0. 05) ; whereas Herrmann Ⅲ ,Ⅳand T3 ,T4(depth of invasion) were more often seen in advanced signet cell carcinoma (P 0. 05 ). Conclusion Compared with other pathological types, patients with advanced signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach are with comparable long term survival.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and radiological results of locking plate for treatment of proximal humerus frac‐tures and the efficacy of anatomical healing of tuberosities .Methods A total of 57 patients with proximal humerus fractures were treated with locking‐plate from July 2008 to March 2012 .A standardized radiological evaluation was conducted .Patients were divid‐ed into two groups :group A (anatomical healing of tuberosities) with 31 cases and group B (without anatomical healing of tuberosi‐ties) with 26 cases .Clinical assessment was performed using the Neer rating scale .Results Considering the entire sample ,the mean Neer score was 87 .96 ± 5 .06 points ,the excellent rate was 94 .74℅ .Comparing these parameters in the two groups ,group A was significant higher in the Neer scores and the range of movement than that of group B (P<0 .05) ,there was no statistic differences in the scores of pain and function (P>0 .05) .Conclusion the locing plate for treatment of complex proximal humerus fractures has a high subjective satisfaction rate .A good functional result depends on anatomical reestablishment of proximal humerus anatomy , particularly the healing of the greater tuberosity .

Objective To explore the clinical effects of laparoscopic combined with gastroscopic surgery for the gastric stromal tumors (GSTs) from the muscularis propria.Methods The clinical data of 25 patients with GSTs from the muscularis propria who were admitted to the Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University between January 2011 and January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients received the general anaesthesia by endotracheal intubation.The pneumoperitoneum was done by an arc incision of 0.5 cm above margin of the umbilical cord and then laparoscopy was placed for exposing and gastroscopy was placed for confirming the location of the tumor.A laparoscope was placed in the cavity via the trocar at the navel,and the other two trocars penetrated both the abdominal and stomach walls.With gastroscopic monitoring,the operation was carried out in the gastric lumen using laparoscopic instruments and the tumor was resected.The tumor tissue was removed orally using a gastroscopic basket,and puncture holes and perforations were sutured using titanium clips.The proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics were used as the conventional therapy for 3 days,while adjuvant therapy with a usage of imatinib was applied to patients who were confirmed with the high-risk GSTs by pathological examination after tumors resection,and the other patients did not receive adjuvant therapy.Gastroscopic reexamination was done every 3 months within postoperative 1 year and then every 6 months after 1 year.Abdominal CT reexamination was done every 6 months within postoperative 1 year and then every 1 year after 1 year.The followup was done till December 2014.Results All the 25 patients received successfully modified laparoscopic combined with gastroscopic surgery without conversion to open surgery and postoperative complication.The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,diameter of tumor,duration of postoperative abdominal pain and duration of hospital stay were (79 ± 4) minutes,(28 ± 3) mL,(2.6 ± 0.3) cm,(2.8 ± 0.3) days and (6.3 ± 0.3) days,respectively.GSTs were confirmed by postoperative pathological examination.The mitotic count was (3.3 ± 0.3) /50 HPF and reached R0 resection.Extremely low risk was detected in 3 patients,low risk in 19 patients,intermediate risk in 3 patients and no high risk was detected.Two of 3 patients with intermediate risk took the medicines following instructions without the adverse drug reaction,and 1 of 3 patients refused to take the medicines due to low income.All the patients were followed up for 12-36 months without the recurrence or metastasis of tumors.Conclusion Modified laparoscopic combined with gastroscopic surgery is feasible and effective for the treatment of gastric stromal tumors (GSTs) from the muscularis propria.

Objective To explore ideal surgical axillary management of early breast cancer,and to determine the feasibility of reducing false negative rate of sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB)by combination of axillary suspicious lymph node biopsy and SLNB.Methods From Jan.2008 to Oct.2009,42 consecutive cases with early breast cancer were enrolled.All patients underwent suspicious node hook-wire location by doppler ultrasonography before operation.SLNB and suspicious lymph node biopsy were performed during operation.Complete axillary nodes dissection(ALND)or level II dissection would be conducted according to the biopsy result.The difference of node status prediction between SLNB and SLNB with axillary suspicious lymph node biopsy and was compared.Results All the 42 cases successfully underwent SLNB (100%).There were 2 false negatives occurred in SLNB,resulting in false negative rate of 11%,sensitivity of 88.9%and accuracy of 95.2%in predicting axillary nodes status.By contrast,SLNB with axillary suspicious node biopsy showed a false-negative rate of 0%,sensitivity of 100%,and accuracy of 100%.Conclusions Compared to SLNB in early breast cancer,combination of suspicious node biopsy and SLAB has a tendency of reducing false negative rate.However,Because of the limited samples,the difference has no statistical significance(P=0.2500).

ObjectiveTo explore risk factors of colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases and its prognosis. Methods From Aug 1994 to Feb 2004, 106 colorectal cancer patients with synchronous hepatic metastases were enrolled. Fifteen clinicopathological parameters were collected for mono-variable and multi-variable analysis. Treatment result was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and COX regression. Results Bowel obstruction, ascites, pelvic nodules, peritoneal invasion, serosal infiltration, organs involvement, tumor size, circumference of bowel invasion, depth of invasion were all individually relevant with synchronous hepatic metastasis. Logistic regression demonstrates depth of invasion, serosal infiltration, pelvic nodules and ascites were most important factors resulting in synchronous hepatic metastases. Radical resection(57 cases), palliative resection(39 cases) and laparotomy only(10 cases) resulted respectively in mean survival time and median survival time of 41.0 and 34.0 months,23.6 and 18.0 months,16.5 and 12.0 months,respectively (all P=0.0095).Surgery, location of tumor and pelvic nodules were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions Synchronous liver metastasis may present when primary tumor infiltrates serosa, or pelvic nodules and ascites are present. Radical excision significantly improves survival rate.

Triple-negative breast cancer,which lacks estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor,and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,accounts for about 15％-20％ of breast cancers,and is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype.It displays poor prognosis from traditional therapies,therefore,there is an urgent need to find new treatments.This paper mainly describes the characteristics of protein and gene expression,such as PIM1,MYC,CDK4,TGF-β,TP53,MYOF,FOSB,MENA,and the latest research of therapeutic approaches of triplenegative breast cancer about PARP,PI3K/Akt/mTOR,EGFR,Hedgehog,Met,etc..

Abstract: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) polysaccharides are active polysaccharides extracted from Chinese herbal medicines, many of which exhibit specific biological activities. Modern research has revealed that polysaccharide components extracted from plants, animals, and algae have a significant role in improving kidney injury. Currently, drug therapy is the primary treatment for kidney injury, with few reports on the use of TCM polysaccharides. This review explores the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of TCM polysaccharides on diabetic nephropathy, nephritis, kidney stones, hypertension-induced kidney injury, chemical toxin-induced kidney injury, and drug-induced kidney injury. Additionally, it discusses the prospects for the development of TCM polysaccharides in this field to provide a reference for further research.