Objective To evaluate the role of clinical features,radiography and histopathology in differential diagnosis between chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis(CNPA)and aspergilloma.Methods Thirty-four patients including 8 cases of CNPA and 26 of aspergilloma comfirmed by operation and histopathology in First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University were investigated retrospectively.The clinical manifestations,radiological and pathological findings of all the patients were analyzed and related references were reviewed. Results The age of onset was not significantly different between CNPA and aspergilloma.Obsolete pulmonary tuberculosis and lung abscess were predisposing factors of them.Productive cough was presented in all 8 cases of CNPA,haemoptvsis in 7,and 5 were presented with constitutional symptoms.The most common symptom of aspergilloma was haemoptysis, which was presented in 25 cases.The less common symptoms were cough and sputum,which was presented in 17 cases.Only two cases were presented with constitutional symptoms."Air crescent"sign at radiography was typical and suggestive of diagnosis in both CNPA and aspergilloma,but the wall of cavity in CNPA was thicker and irregular,infiltrates were often to be seen around the cavity.Histologically,CNPA and aspergilloma both showed septate fungal hyphae branching at an acute angle.CNPA was characterized with the presence of tissue invasion by aspergillus,tissue necrosis and granulomatous inflammation. Fungal hyphae ware only found in a preexistent cavity or ectatic bronchus without tissue invasion in aspergilloma.Conclusions Histopathology is gold standard of differential diagnosis of CNPA and aspergilloma. Meanwhile, clinical features and radiological findings appear to be valuable for the diagnosis.

To examine the deletion and point mutation of WWOX (WW domain containing oxidoreductase) exons 6-8 in human non-small cell lung cancer and their possible relationship with pathological stages, tumor tissues and the corresponding normal tissues were obtained from 44 Chinese patients who had undergone surgery for non-small cell lung cancer. RNA was extracted from each sample and deletion and mutation of WWOX exons 6-8 were analyzed by RT-PCR and DNA sequencing. Our results showed that 28 of 44 (63.6%) lung cancer samples showed loss of WWOX exons 6-8 transcript and the deletion was detected in only 3 of 44 (6.8%) corresponding adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05). The transcript sequencing analyses of the 16 lung cancer samples without transcript loss of WWOX exons 6-8 revealed no difference from the sequence of GenBank. Moreover, the deletion of WWOX exons 6-8 was significantly higher in the smokers when compared with the non-smokers. It is also higher in the men and squamous carcinomas than in women and adenocarcinomas (P < 0. 05). The deletion, however, was not found to be associated with pathological stages of the tumors. Our study documented a high incidence of deletion of WWOX exons 6-8 in non-small cell lung cancer in Chinese patients and suggested that the frequent loss of WWOX exons 6-8 might play an important role in the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer in Chinese. WWOX exons 6-8 may serves as a candidate molecular target of smoking carcinogenesis, and point mutation is not a predominant way of alteration of WWOX exons 6-8.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/*genetics ; Exons/genetics ; Gene Deletion ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Lung Neoplasms/*genetics ; Oxidoreductases/*genetics ; Point Mutation ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins

Objective: To detect the abnormal expression of WWOX (WW domain containing oxidoreduc-tase) exons 6-8 at mRNA level in human benign and malignant pleural effusion and to investigate the role of loss of WWOX exons 6-8 in the development of malignant pleural effusion. Methods; Deletion of WWOX ex-ons 6-8 mRNA transcript was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-PCR technology. Results: Of the 56 malig-nant pleural effusion samples, 39 showed loss of WWOX exons 6-8 mRNA transcript (69.6%). This deletion was not detected in the 20 benign pieural effusion samples. Conclusion: WWOX gene may play an important role in the develepment of malignant Neural effusion, Detection of WWOX exons 6-8 mRNA may serve as a candidate molecular target for treatment of malignant pleural effusion and can be a promising index in differen-tial diagnosis of benign and malignant pleural effusion.

Purpose:To detect the abnormalities of WWOX(WW domain containing oxidoreductase) gene in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Methods:Deletion of WWOX exons 6-8 transcript was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-PCR technology; loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of WWOX gene was analyzed by PCR-based assays for dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms technology. Aberrant expression of WWOX protein was analyzed by western blot. Results:A549 cells samples showed loss of WWOX exons 6-8 transcript.This deletion was not detected in normal primary cultured human bronchial epithelial cells samples.Three microsatellites(D16S3029、D16S3096、D16S504)did not have LOH in the normal primary cultured human bronchial epithelial cells samples, but D16S2029 and D16S3096 were all found to have LOH in A549 Cells samples. We further observed that expression of WWOX protein was significantly lower in A549 cell samples compared to the normal primary cultured human bronchial epithelial cells samples. Conclusions:WWOX gene may be important during tumorigenesis in lung adenocarcinoma cancer.Deletion of exons 6-8,LOH and aberrant expression of protein are all modes of WWOX gene inactivity in lung adenocarcinoma cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous biliverdin on lung injury induced by brain death (BD) in rats. Methods Twenty-three adult male Wistar rats in which Fogarty balloon catheter was successfully inserted into cranial cavity were randomly divided into 3 groups: group Ⅰ sham operation (group S,n = 7); group Ⅱ brain death (group BD, n = 8) and group Ⅲ biliverdin + BD (group B, n = 8). The animals were anesthetized, intubated and mechanically ventilated. Femoral artery and vein were cannulated for MAP monitoring and drug and fluid administration. Brain death was induced by injecting slowly normal saline into the balloon in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. BD was confirmed by dilated and fixed pupils, apnea, transient hypertension and EEG changes. In group Ⅲ biliverdin 35 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally as soon as BD was confirmed. The animals were mechanically ventilated for another 1.5 h during which MAP was maintained at 80-120 mm Hg by iv norepinephrine infusion. Arterial blood samples were obtained before anesthesia, immediately before and at 5, 30,60, 90 min after intraperitoneal biliverdin for blood gas analysis and determination of plasma bilirubin concentration. PaO2/FiO2 was calculated. The animals were sacrificed at 1.5 h after biliverdin administration. The left lung was removed for detection of MDA content, SOD activity, total antioxidant capacity, cell apoptosis and biliverdin reductase expression in lung tissue. Results Brain death significantly decreased PaO2/FiO2, lung SOD activity and total antioxidant capacity and increased lung MDA content and apoptosis as compared with sham operation group. IP biliverdin significantly attenuated BD-induced lung injury in group B as compared with group BD. The plasma bilirubin concentration and biliverdin reductase expression were significantly higher in group B than group BD. Conclusion Exogenous biliverdin can attenuate BD-induced lung injury by inhibiting pulmonary oxidative stress response and apoptosis.

Cardiac surgery carried out on cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) in a pregnant woman is associated with poor neonatal outcomes although maternal outcomes are similar to cardiac surgery in non-pregnant women.Most adverse maternal and fetal outcomes from cardiac surgery during pregnancy are attributed to effects of CPB.The CPB is associated with utero-placental hypoperfusion due to a number of factors,which may translate into low fetal cardiac output,hypoxia and even death.Better maternal and fetal outcomes may be achieved by early pre-operative optimization of maternal cardiovascular status,use of perioperative fetal monitoring,optimization of CPB,delivery of a viable fetus before the operation and scheduling cardiac surgery on an elective basis during the second trimester.

Objective To study the influence of clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical treatment of gastric cancer on patients' survival rate.Methods From Apr.1994 to Aug.2005, the data of 759 gastric cancer patients concerning surgical treatment, pathological diagnosis and outcome were collected. Retrospective analysis of the results was made, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier curve method, univariate analysis was done through Log-rank and multiple factors comparison through Cox regression analysis, and follow-up duration was 4-131 months.Results Single factor analysis indicated that age,tumor location,diameter of tumor, Borrmann type, type of histology, TNM stage, depth of infiltration, lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, blood of transfusion during operation, extent of the radical cure of the tumor and excision techniques were significantly influential factors for the prognosis of patients. Cox regression analysis showed that tumor location, diameter of tumor,depth of infiltration, lymph node metastasis,liver metastasis, TNM stage, peritoneal dissemination, blood transfusion during operation, extend of the radical cure of the tumor and excision techniques were independent factors influencing the postoperative survival rate.Conclusion Independent factors influencing the postoperative survival rate include tumor location, diameter of tumor, lymph node metastasis, infiltration depth of the tumor, pathological classification, liver metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, and TNM stage, extent of the radical cure of the tumor, lymphanodectomy techniques and blood transfusion during operation are also important factors.

Objective To prove that valve sparing aortic root reconstruction may have an impact on the outcome and longevity of the repair for patients with acute type A aortic dissection.Methods Clinical data of 98 consecutive AAAD patients undergoing the valve sparing aortic root reconstruction were analyzed.The postoperative follow-up and the clinical effect of the procedure were retrospectively analyzed.Results Pre-operative grade of aortic insufficiency was(2.3 ± 0.5), CPB-time was (217.8 ± 43.1)min, aortic cross clamp time was(142.7 ± 37.4)min and stay on ICU (11.1 ± 5.7) days, while hospitalisation was(14.3 ± 3.2) days.8 patients(8.2％) died peri-operatively.None of the early deaths were valve-related.Rethoracotomy rate was 3.1％.All patients followed up(19.3 ± 7.6) (6-68) months.Survival at 1 year was 90.8％.Freedom from valvular reoperation was 97.9％ at 3 years.At last investigation, mean grade of aortic insufficiency for AADA was 0.5 ± 0.3 (0-3).Conclusion Regardless of the underlying indication, the aortic valve preserving reimplantation technique can be performed with favourable functional results.

Objective: To study therapeutic effect of personalized aerobic exercise based on exercise load test assessment on heart function and psychological state in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: According to random number table, a total of 80 AMI patients during recovery period were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group (n=40, received routine drug therapy) and exercise group (n=40, received personalized aerobic exercise based on exercise load test assessment on the basis of routine treatment group). Serum levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), stroke volume (SV), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), ventricular wall thickening rate (△T), motion amplitude of interventricular septum (AIS), and scores of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were compared between two groups before and after 12-week intervention. Results: Compared with before intervention, there were significant reductions in serum levels of hs-cTnI and CK-MB, and scores of SAS and SDS; and significant rise in LVEF, SV, LVFS, △T and AIS in both groups after 12-week intervention (except LVEF of routine treatment group), P<0.05 or <0.01; compared with routine treatment group, there were significant reductions in serum levels of hs-cTnI [(9.31±1.04) ng/L vs. (5.89±0.72) ng/L] and CK-MB [(11.34±1.25) U/L vs. (8.41±1.01) U/L],in scores of SAS [(51.34±6.54) scores vs. (42.32±5.29) scores] and SDS [(50.23±6.92) scores vs. (43.86±6.03) scores];and significant rise in LVEF [(57.12±6.67)% vs. (62.32±7.34)%], SV [(62.45±7.13) ml vs. (69.18±7.84) ml], LVFS [(23.93±2.96)% vs. (28.45±3.12)%], △T [(28.51±3.41)% vs. (34.52±4.87)%] and AIS [(9.56±1.02) mm vs. (12.45±1.46) mm] in exercise group, P<0.05 or <0.01. Conclusion: Personalized aerobic exercise based on exercise load test assessment can reduce myocardial cell injury, improve cardiac function, relieve negative emotions and promote patients’ rehabilitation rapidly.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome in the treatment of humerus shaft comminuted fractures using limited open reduction and internal fixation combined with an external fixator.Methods Data of 80 patients with comminuted humerus shaft fractures treated from January 2005 to January 2013 were analysed retrospectively.All the patients underwent limited open reduction and internal fixation combined with an external fixator (treatment group) and open reduction and plate fixation (control group) according to the random number table.In the treatment group,there were 40 patients (28 males,12 females),at mean age of 33.5 years (range,21-54 years),with causes of injury including traffic accidents in five patients,falls in nine,crashes in seven and others in six.There were seven patients with open fractures and 33 with closed fractures.In the control group,there were 40 patients (25 males,15 females),at mean age of 32.9 years (range,19-55 years),with causes of injury including traffic accidents in 16 patients,tumbling in seven,crush in seven and others in ten.There were eight patients with open fractures and 32 with closed fractures.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,bone union time and complications in both groups were recorded.Clinical efficacy was evaluated using the Stewart and Hundley standard.Results Mean follow-up was 19 months (range,15-24 months).Treatment and control groups showed significant differences in operation time [(55.5 ± 10.3) minutes vs.(120.5 ± 15.3) minutes],intraoperative blood loss [(120.4 ± 20.7) ml vs.(245.4 ± 26.7) ml] and bone union time [(11.6 ± 1.3) weeks vs.(14.9 ± 2.3) weeks] (P ＜ 0.05).Rate of incision infection was 8％ (3/40) in treatment group and 10％ (4/40) in control group (P ＞ 0.05).In treatment group the results were excellent in 31 patients and good in nine.In control group the results were excellent in 27 patients,good in nine,fair in one and poor in three.One patient with radial nerve injury after a second surgery for implant removal and two patients with osteomyelitis or bone nonunion were noted in control group.Conclusion Limited open reduction and internal fixation in combination with an external fixator is associated with small trauma,easy operation,short operation time,few bleeding,rigid fixation,early functional exercises and reduced bone nonunion for treatment of comminuted humerus shaft fractures,which exhibits great clinical value.