OBJECTIVE To study Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in respiratory tract of severe neurosurgery patients after tracheotomy,and discuss the prevention and management of nosocomial infection.METHODS The data of 19 severe patients admitted in neurosurgery from Dec 2005 to Oct 2007 who underwent tracheotomy were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS Respiratory tract infection occurred in all 19 cases,the incidence rate was 100%.Eleven species and 73 strains of pathogenic bacteria were found.Thirty(41.10%)strains of P.aeruginosa were found in 12(63.16%)cases,the drug resistance rate was higher.CONCLUSIONS P.aeruginosa is the most important pathogenic bacteriaum of respiratory tract nosocomial infection in severe neurosurgery patients after tracheotomy.Strengthening the sterilization,isolation and airway management and selecting antibiotics based on drug sensitive test are the important methods to prevent and control infection.

Objective To investigate the correlation and characteristic of the functional polymorphism of the dopamine D4 receptor gene on the behavioral problems in school-age twins.Method The behavioral problems were assessed among a total of 147 twin pairs aged 6-12 years with the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).The DRD4 gene polymorphism was applied for different types with polymerase chain reaction.The generalized estimating equations model was used to analyze the effect of DRD4 gene polymorphism and the interaction of DRD4 gene polymorphism with children age,gender,monozygotic/dizygotic on twins' behavioral problems.Results (1) School-age children's anxiety/depression,withdrawn,thought problems,attention problems,social problems,delinquent problems,aggressive behavior and total variance mainly were correlated with DRD4 gene polymorphism (P＜0.05),and physical discomfort might be related with DRD4 gene polymorphism (P=0.067).Except social problems,the detection rate of behavioral problems of the twins with 4/6 genotype (Gene type carrying 5 or more repeated sequences) of DRD4 gene (6.25％-21.25％) was higher than those with other genotypes (0-14.74％).(2) Withdrawal was related to children age (x2=4.348,P＜0.05),and twins aged 6-10 might lead to withdrawal.(3) The interaction of DRD4 gene polymorphism and children age had a significant effect on withdrawal (x2=4.348,P＜0.05) and physical discomfort(x2 =5.189,P＜0.05),and the elder age (11-12 years) children had a certainly protective effect on the withdrawal and physical discomfort with 4/6 genotype in twins.The detection rates were 3.54％ and 2.65％ in the younger-age (6-10 years) twins,while all 0 in the elder-age (11-12 years) for the withdrawal and the physical discomfort respectively.Conclusions The DRD4 gene polymorphism may be correlated with behavioral problems in school-age twins.The interaction of DRD4 polymorphism and children age had a significantly effect on withdrawal and physical discomfort.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the drug use in the inpatients of our hospital and evaluate its rationality.METHODS:By using PASS-nested "Army Health No.1" hospital information system,the drug utilization in these patients was analyzed.RESULTS:Among 32 834 medication orders for 586 inpatients,732(1.50%)were warning ones.CONCLUSION:The drug utilization in the inpatients of our hospital was rational on the whole.PASS satisfies clinical doctors' needs,and the physicians feel satisfied with the system.Nevertheless,there are some problems remain to be tackled.

Objective To investigate the factors of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Methods A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted. The study included 129 patients of clinically diagnosed AD and 129 controls selected from Nanchang and Jiujiang areas. The data were analyzed by the conditional logistic regression. Results The results showed the unsociable personality (OR=2.486,95%CI=1.075～6.638),the history of great negative life events (OR=4.125,95%CI=1.706～12.249),using cookers made of aluminum (OR=2.454,95%CI=1.277～5.268) were identified as risk factors for AD. The good family income state (OR=0.324,95%CI=0.106～0.828) and frequently physical exercises (OR=0.258,95%CI=0.104～0.520) were protective factors for AD. Conclusion Alzheimer’s Disease seems to be related to the income state,frequency of physical exercises,personality,big negative life events,using cookers made of Aluminum.

Objective To investigate the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) in inducing insulin resistance in differentiated human adipocytes.Methods Human preadipocytes obtained via liposuction were induced to differentiate into mature adipocytes.iE-DAP,a specific ligand for NOD1,was administered to human adipocytes in culture.NF-κB transcriptional activity and proinflammatory cytokines production were determined by luciferase assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Glucose uptake in adipocytes was measured by 2-deoxy-D-[3 H] glucose uptake (P＜0.05).The expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase p85 (PI-3K p85),insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Akt phosphorylations were detected by Western blotting.Results NF-κB transcriptional activity and cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6,IL-8,and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 secretion were markedly increased after stimulation with iE-DAP (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Insulin-induced glucose uptake was decreased with the activation of NOD1 in a dose-and time-dependent fashion.NOD1 activation weakened insulin signal transduction as being revealed by increasing IRS-1 Ser307phosphorylation,reducing protein expression of PI-3K p85,and attenuating insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt on Ser473 and Thr308in human adipocytes.Conclusion These results indicate that NOD1 activation induces inflammatory response and insulin resistance via IRS-1/PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway in human adipocytes.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum cystatin C(CysC)level in the diagnosis of renal damage in critically ill children.Methods One handred and forty-two critically ill children admitted to the Boai Hospital pediatric intensive care unit from January 2007 to December 2008 were included in the study.CysC,serum creafinine(SCr)and creatinine clearance rate(Ccr)were collected and analyzed.Pediatric critical illness scoring was done to assess the degree of disease.Renal damage was established according to Ccr＜80 ml/(min·1.73 m~2)(traditional gold standard)and CysC＞1.50 mg/L.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)was analyzed to get the best point value of the diagnosis,and evaluated its sensitivity and specificity.Results According to the Ccr and CysC standards,the incidence of renal injury were 40.8%(58/142)and 50.7%(72/142),respectively(χ~2 =64.93,P＜0.001);ROC curve analysis showed that the best diagnosis point of renal injury was 1.55 mg/L;sensitivity of 94.8%,specificity 81.0%.Area under the ROC curve was 0.98(95%CI 0.97～0.98),for the diagnosis of renal damage in critically ill children was statistically significant(P=0.000).Conclusion Serum cystatin C level is a better marker of renal damage than the Ccr,can increase the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.of renal damage in critically ill children.

Bacillus subtilis is a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) strain that has been widely used in industries including fodder, food, and biological control. In addition, B. subtilis expression system also plays a significant role in the production of industrial enzymes. However, its application is limited by its low sporulation frequency and transformation efficiency. Immense studies have been done on interpreting the molecular mechanisms of sporulation and competence development, whereas only few of them were focused on improving sporulation frequency and transformation efficiency of B. subtilis by genetic modification. The main challenge is that sporulation and competence development, as the two major developmental events in the stationary phase of B. subtilis, are regulated by the complicated intracellular genetic regulatory systems. In addition, mutual regulatory mechanisms also exist in these two developmental events. With the development of genetic and metabolic engineering, constructing genetic regulatory networks is currently one of the most attractive research fields, together with the genetic information of cell growth, metabolism, and development, to guide the industrial application. In this review, the mechanisms of sporulation and competence development of B. subtilis, their interactions, and the genetic regulation of cell growth were interpreted. In addition, the roles of these regulatory networks in guiding basic and applied research of B. subtilis and its related species were discussed.
Bacillus subtilis ; genetics ; physiology ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Metabolic Engineering ; Spores, Bacterial ; physiology

Objective: To analyze the expression of CMTM1-v17 in normal prostate tissue and prostate carcinoma originated cell lines, and study its impact on the transactivation of androgen receptor and the possible mechanism. Methods: The expression of CMTM1-v17 in normal prostate tissue was analyzed with immunohistochemistry method. In immounocytochemistry was used to analyze the expression of CMTM1-v17 in prostate carcinoma originated cell lines. Luciferase assay was used to study the impact of CMTM1-v17 on the transactivation of AR and its mechanism. Results: The results of immunohistochemistry showed that CMTM1-v17 was highly expressed in prostate. In prostate cancer originated cell lines, CMTM1-v17 could also be detected in prostate cancer originated cell lines PC3, Du145 and LNCaP. And the results of luciferase implied that the relative luciferase activity of the PC3 cells transfected with 1 ?g and 2 ?g pCDI-CMTM1-v17 plasmids separately were 70.8 and 34.7, compared with the control set as 100. When trichostatin A, the inhibitor for histone deacetylase, was used, the repression of androgen receptor could be recovered with trichostatin A treatment,for the relative luciferase activity of the PC3 cells transfected with 1 ?g and 2 ?g pCDI-CMTM1-v17 plasmids and treated with 100 nmol/L trichostatin A rebound to 90.9 and 86.4. Conclusion: CMTM1-v17 is highly expressed in both normal prostate and prostate carcinoma originated cell lines. It may recruit histone deacetylas to inhibit the function of androgen receptor.

Objective:Discuss the diagnosis values on the upper digestive tract staininged by the endoscopy.Methods:After spraying straining on the 72 cases below parts using stomach endoscopy,who are suffering from esophagus,stomach disease,and duodenal,observe the staining struction and take some samples.Results:Take samples from Lugol's iodine unstaininged but areas on the 18 esophagus disease,the pathobology shows that 9 suffering f from esophagus carcinomas,3 Barrett's esophagus,6 chroinc esophgitis.Taking the staining areas as samples from 29 diseases (it is 80.55% among 36 disease suffering from methylene blue staining stomach),it appears that 5 are suffering from stomach cancer,21 are intestinal metaplosia and gastric dysplasia.Among 18 staining on bulbs of duodenal ulcer,11 unstaininged are checked gastric metaplasia (61.11%).Conclusions:The endoscopy staining possesses the ability of enlarging the endoscopy diagnosis.The method is simple and safe,it is worthy of clinical application and extending.

ObjectiveTo explore relationship between psychological resilience and life events of Tibetan nursing students receiving free vocational nursing education.Method The questionnaire of Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)and ASLEC were used in the survey among 120 nursing students to investigate the psychological resilience and life events and SPSS 17.0 was used to look into the correlations between them.Results The scores on psychological resilience of Tibetan nursing students was higher than the norm (P<0.05).There were negative correlations between life events and psychological resilience(P<0.05).Their psychological resilience was positively related to personal relations and health conditions(P<0.05)but negatively to learning pressure,punishment and losses (P<0.05).Conclusion The school and hospital should make teaching measures to psychologically support them in daily life to strengthen the abilities to handle failure and adjust to the society.