Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis as its pathological basis. Although current therapeutic drugs can alleviate symptoms， they are often accompanied by a high risk of side effects. In recent years， the use of flavonoids from traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of RA has garnered significant attention. Studies have shown that the mechanisms by which flavonoids treat RA include inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory factors， regulating multiple cellular signaling pathways， alleviating oxidative stress， modulating immune system functions， inhibiting bone destruction， and suppressing angiogenesis. Due to their notable anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， and immunomodulatory activities， flavonoids hold promise as potential therapeutic agents for RA. A substantial number of articles in this field have been published. By reviewing Chinese and international literature and applying bibliometric and visual analysis using CiteSpace， this paper explored research hotspots and frontiers in this field， systematically reviewed the structures and anti-RA mechanisms of TCM flavonoids， provided a theoretical basis for their use in RA treatment and clinical applications， and offered new perspectives and references for the discovery of novel TCM-based anti-RA drugs.

Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis as its pathological basis. Although current therapeutic drugs can alleviate symptoms， they are often accompanied by a high risk of side effects. In recent years， the use of flavonoids from traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of RA has garnered significant attention. Studies have shown that the mechanisms by which flavonoids treat RA include inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory factors， regulating multiple cellular signaling pathways， alleviating oxidative stress， modulating immune system functions， inhibiting bone destruction， and suppressing angiogenesis. Due to their notable anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， and immunomodulatory activities， flavonoids hold promise as potential therapeutic agents for RA. A substantial number of articles in this field have been published. By reviewing Chinese and international literature and applying bibliometric and visual analysis using CiteSpace， this paper explored research hotspots and frontiers in this field， systematically reviewed the structures and anti-RA mechanisms of TCM flavonoids， provided a theoretical basis for their use in RA treatment and clinical applications， and offered new perspectives and references for the discovery of novel TCM-based anti-RA drugs.

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Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of autophagy related proteins Beclin-1,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)in placenta tissues of pregnant women with fetal growth restric-tion(FGR).Methods A total of 40 pregnant women undergoing delivery due to FGR and 40 pregnant women un-dergoing normal delivery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were enrolled as FGR group and healthy group between August 2022 and August 2023.The general clinical data in the two groups were collected.The levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 mRNA in placenta tissues were detected by PCR,and expressions of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.The differences in positive of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins among patients with different clinical data were analyzed.Results The placental thickness,placental mass and neonatal weight in FGR group were lower than those in healthy group(P＜0.05).The mRNA levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 in FGR group were higher than those in healthy group(P＜0.05)and positive expression rates of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins were significantly higher than those in healthy group(P＜0.05).There was significant difference in positive expression profile of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins among patients with different placental thickness,placental mass and neonatal weight(P＜0.05).Conclusions The positive expressions of autophagy genes(Beclin-1 and LC3)are related to FGR,and their specific expression levels are closely related to fetal growth and development.

The Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) is an ancillary transcription initiation complex which is highly conserved. The ADA1 (alteration/deficiency in activation 1, also called histone H2A functional interactor 1, HFI1) is a subunit in the core module of the SAGA protein complex. ADA1 plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as stress resistance. In this paper, we performed genome-wide identification of banana ADA1 gene family members based on banana genomic data, and analyzed the basic physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, selection pressure, promoter cis-acting elements, and its expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses. The results showed that there were 10, 6, and 7 family members in Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana and Musa itinerans. The members were all unstable and hydrophilic proteins, and only contained the conservative SAGA-Tad1 domain. Both MaADA1 and MbADA1 have interactive relationship with Sgf11 (SAGA-associated factor 11) of core module in SAGA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that banana ADA1 gene family members could be divided into 3 classes. The evolution of ADA1 gene family members was mostly influenced by purifying selection. There were large differences among the gene structure of banana ADA1 gene family members. ADA1 gene family members contained plenty of hormonal elements. MaADA1-1 may play a prominent role in the resistance of banana to cold stress, while MaADA1 may respond to the Panama disease of banana. In conclusion, this study suggested ADA1 gene family members are highly conserved in banana, and may respond to biotic and abiotic stress.
Musa/genetics* ; Phylogeny ; Fungal Proteins ; Cell Nucleus ; Histones ; Stress, Physiological/genetics*

Objective:To explore the effect of complement component C1s on the proliferation,migration and adhesion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cells and on the growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice.Methods:The C1S mRNA ex-pression of ESCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues(ANTs)were analyzed using NCBI-GEO database.The C1s expression of ESCC cell lines was analyzed with RT-qPCR and Western blot.The knockdown or overexpression of C1s in ESCC cells lines was performed using C1s small interfering RNA(siRNA),C1s short hairpin RNA(shRNA)or C1s overexpression lentivirus,and the cell prolifera-tion was detected by CCK-8 assay,cell migration was detected by cell wound healing assay,cell adhesion was detected by cell-matrix adhesion assay,the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases MMP1 and MMP13 were detected by Western blot,and the effect of C1s on the growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice was detected by subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay in nude mice.The expression of CD34 in the xenograft tumors was detected by immunohistochemistry,and the formation of tumor microvessel was analyzed.Results:The expression of C1S mRNA in ESCC tissues was significantly higher than that in ANTs.Knockdown of C1s significantly suppressed proliferation,migration and cell-matrix adhesion of ESCC cells,as well as growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice,while overexpres-sion of C1s had the opposite effects.The expressions of MMP1 and MMP13 were decreased in ESCC cells TE-1 with C1s knockdown.Compared with control group,the microvessel of the xenograft tumors in the C1s overexpression group were more abundant.Conclu-sion:C1s is significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues,and promotes proliferation,migration,cell-matrix adhesion of ESCC cells,and the growth of xenograft tumors.C1s may play an important role in the occurrence and development of ESCC.

Background::Limited information exists regarding the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on psoriasis patients. The objective of this study was to identify clinical factors associated with the prognosis of psoriasis following SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods::A retrospective, multicenter study was conducted between March and May 2023. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related psoriasis outcomes. The study included 2371 psoriasis patients from 12 clinical centers, with 2049 of them having been infected with SARS-CoV-2.Results::Among the infected groups, lower exacerbation rates were observed in individuals treated with biologics compared to those receiving traditional systemic or nonsystemic treatments (22.3% [236/1058] vs. 39.8% [92/231] vs. 37.5% [140/373], P <0.001). Psoriasis progression with lesions (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 8.197, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 5.685–11.820, compared to no lesions), hypertension (adjusted OR = 1.582, 95% CI = 1.068–2.343), traditional systemic (adjusted OR = 1.887, 95% CI= 1.263–2.818), and nonsystemic treatment (adjusted OR= 1.602, 95% CI= 1.117–2.297) were found to be associated with exacerbation of psoriasis after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not biologics (adjusted OR = 0.931, 95% CI = 0.680–1.274, compared to no treatment), according to multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusions::A reduced risk of psoriasis exacerbation after SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed with biologics compared to traditional systemic and nonsystemic treatments. Significant risk factors for exacerbation after infection were identified as existing psoriatic lesions and hypertension.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of subretinal injection and intravitreal injection of conbercept in the treatment of polypoid choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).Methods:A prospective, randomized double-blind controlled study. From June 2022 to January 2023, 35 patients of 35 eyes with PCV diagnosed at Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University were included in the study. All patients were first-time recipients of treatment. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were performed in all affected eyes. BCVA was performed using an international standard visual acuity chart and converted to logarithmic minimum resolved angle (logMAR) visual acuity for statistical purposes. Enhanced depth imaging with OCT instrument was used to measure the macular retinal thickness (MRT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and pigment epithelium detachment (PED) height. Randomized numerical table method was used to divide the patients into subretinal injection group (group A) and vitreous cavity injection group (Group B), 18 cases with 18 eyes and 17 cases with 17 eyes, respectively. Comparison of age ( t=0.090), disease duration ( t=-0.370), logMAR BCVA ( t=?0.190), MRT ( t=0.860), SFCT ( t=0.247), and PED height ( t=?0.520) between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). The eyes of group A were given one subretinal injection of 10 mg/ml conbercept 0.05 ml (containing conbercept 0.5 mg), and subsequently administered on demand (PRN); eyes in group B were given intravitreal injection of 10 mg/ml conbercept 0.05 ml (containing conbercept 0.5 mg). The treatment regimen was 3+PRN. Lesions were categorized into active and quiescent according to the results of post-treatment OCT and BCVA. Active lesions were treated with intravitreal injection of conbercept at the same dose as before; stationary lesions were followed up for observation. BCVA and OCT were performed at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9 months after treatment; ICGA was performed at 3, 6 and 9 months. BCVA, MRT, SFCT, and PED height changes before and after treatment were compared and observed in the affected eyes of the two groups. Independent sample t-test was used to compare between the two groups. Results:With the prolongation of time after treatment, the BCVA of the affected eyes in groups A and B gradually increased, and the MRT, SFCT, and PED height gradually decreased. Compared with group B, at 2, 3, 6, and 9 months after treatment, the BCVA of group A was significantly improved, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=?2.215, ?2.820, ?2.559, ?4.051; P<0.05); at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9 months after treatment, the MRT of the affected eyes in group A ( t=?2.439, ?3.091, ?3.099, ?3.665, ?5.494), SFCT ( t=?3.370, ?3.058, ?3.268, ?4.220, ?4.121), and PED height ( t=?3.460, ?4.678, ?4.956, ?5.368, ?6.396) were significantly reduced, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). No complications such as intraocular inflammation, high intraocular pressure, or vitreous hemorrhage occurred in any of the affected eyes during or after treatment. Conclusion:Compared with the intravitreal injection of conbercept, the subretinal injection of conbercept can more effectively reduce the height of MRT, SFCT, PED height, and improve the visual acuity of the affected eyes with PCV.

Objective:To analyze independent factors for treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity (TR-ROP) and establish a predictive nomogram model for TR-ROP.Method:A retrospective cohort study. A total of 6 998 preterm infants who were born at Guangdong Women's and Children's Hospital between January 1, 2012 and March 31, 2022 and were screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were included in the study. TR-ROP was defined as type 1 ROP and aggressive ROP; 22 independent factors including general information, maternal perinatal conditions, interventions and neonatal diseases related to ROP were collected. The infants were divided at the level at an 8:2 ratio according to clinical experience, with 5 598 in the training cohort and 1 400 in the validation cohort. t test was used for comparison of quantitative data and χ 2 test was used for comparison of counting data between groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out for the indicators with differences in the univariate analysis. The visualized regression analysis results of R software were used to obtain the histogram. The accuracy of the nomogram was verified by C-index and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Results:Among the 6 998 children tested, 4 069 were males and 2 920 were females. Gestational age was (33.69±3.19) weeks; birth weight was (2 090±660) g. There were 376 cases of TR-ROP (5.4%, 376/6 998). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age [odds ratio ( OR) =0.63, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 0.47-0.85, P=0.002], intrauterine distress ( OR=0.30, 95% CI 0.10-0.99, P=0.048), bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( OR=0.23, 95% CI 0.09-0.60, P=0.003), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy ( OR=5.40, 95% CI 1.45-20.10, P=0.012), blood transfusion history ( OR=4.05, 95% CI 1.50-10.95, P=0.006) were the independent influencing factors of TR-ROP. Based on this and combined with birth weight, a nomogram prediction model was established. The C-index of the training set and validation set were 0.940 and 0.885, respectively, and the area under ROC curve were 0.945 (95% CI 0.930-0.961) and 0.931 (95% CI 0.876-0.986), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were 86.2%, 94.0% and 83.2%, 93.3%, respectively. Conclusions:Gestational age, intrauterine distress, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and blood transfusion history are the independent factors influencing the occurrence of TR-ROP. The TR-ROP nomogram prediction model based on independent influencing factors has high sensitivity and specificity.