Objective To survey the physical activity status of baccalaureate nursing probationers and compare these differences.Methods By convenient sampling method,the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to collect the data of 80 baccalaureate nursing probationers and 84 baccalaureate nursing students randomly.Results (1)Within a week,the time of baccalaureate nursing students in internship and school engaged in all kinds of physical activities had obviously significant differences,the overall physical activities time of nursing students was more than baccalaureate nursing probationers.They both spent less time on leisure time physical activity,but more on sitting life-style.(2)The metabolic equivalent (MET) of baccalaureate nursing probationers in internship and school engaged in all kinds of physical activities had obvious significant differences,the all physical activities metabolic equivalent (MET) of baccalaureate nursing probationers was more than nursing students.The metabolic equivalent (MET) consumed by work physical activities such as walking was the most.Conclusions The work physical activity of baccalaureate nursing probationers is far great,and students lack of the leisure time physical activity; medical schools and teaching hospitals should be strengthened to cultivate the awareness of students' activities,and promote the physical and mental health of students.

Objective To explore the relationship between expected drop and postpartum depression,analysis of influence factors of postpartum depression.Methods Chinese version of Postpartum Support Questionnaire and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were used to investigate 411 puerpera of 42-56 days postpartum by the convenience sampling method.Results The incidence rate of postpartum depression was 17.03％ (70/411).The correlation coefficient r between the actual situation of postpartum social support and the score of each dimension and the score of Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale was 0.157 to 0.247 (P ＜ 0.01).The correlation coefficient r between the postpartum social support expectation drop and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale score was 0.173 to 0.230 (P ＜ 0.01).Regression analysis showed postpartum depression was related to emotional support,nursing mode,registered permanent residence and gender expectations for baby.Conclusions The positive rate of postpartum depression is still higher.How to reduce the incidence of postpartum depression is still a problem to be solved.According to the characteristics of social support and maternal postpartum to evaluate the importance of targeted social support can reduce the incidence of postpartum depression.

Objective To assess the efficacy of percutaneous transhepatie variceal embolization (PTVE) in treating esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding after esophageal-gastric devascularization with splenectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods Twenty-two patients, who had history of esophageal-gastric devascularization with splenectomy, were either underwent PTVE with TH glue (n=10) or endoscopic injection of sclerosis (EIS, n = 12) for treatment of esophageal or gastric variceal rebleeding between Nov. 2006 and Sep. 2008. The patients were followed-up for recurrent bleeding, mortality, grade of esophageal and gastric varices and liver function. Portal vein pressure was measured before and after collateral embolization in PTVE group. Results ① The patients were followed-up for 12.5 months in PTVE group and 13.4 months in EIS group. There was significant difference (P<0.05) between PTVE and EIS groups in rebleeding rate (1/10 vs 7/12) and mortality (0 vs 3/12). ② The degree of esophageal and gastric varices after embolization or EIS was improved significantly. ③ For patients with portal vein thrombosis, combination of PTVE with portal vein balloon plasty could markedly improve portal vein blood supply. ④ Neither PTVE nor EIS aggravated the liver cirrhosis. Conclusion Compared with EIS, PTVE with TH glue may be a more effiective method in the treatment of rebleeding of patients with liver cirrhosis who had accepted esophagealgastric devascularization with splenectomy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of single balloon enteroscopy (SBE) for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.MethodsA total of 78 SBE procedures was conducted on 72 patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding,with 40 via oral route and 38 via anal route.The procedure time,insertion depth and rate of positive finding were recorded.ResultsFor 40 SBE procedures performed via oral route,the mean procedure time was 60 minutes ( 15-110 minutes),and the mean insertion depth was 195 cm at the distal end of Trentz ligament (30-240 cm).For 38 SBE procedures performed via anus,the mean procedure time was 75 minuets (30-120 minutes),and the mean insertion depth was 160 cm at the proximal end of ileocecal valve (50-200 cm ).The whole diagnostic yield of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding was 62.5％.ConclusionSBE is a safe and useful tool for the diagnosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of pancreatic duct stent in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) of difficult bile duct cannulation.Methods A total of 120 patients who underwent difficult bile duct cannulation during routine ERCP were randomized to receive pancreatic duct stent placement (S group) or not (NS group),and the incidence of PEP,hyperamylasemia and scores of abdominal pain were analyzed.Results There were 15 cases of hyperamylasemia and 5 cases of PEP occurred in S group,but no severe PEP was observed.The score of abdominal pain was (3.82 ± 1.48) in S group.There were 18cases of hyperamylasemia and 14 cases of PEP occurred,including 2 severe PEP in NS group.The score of abdominal pain was (7.48 ± 1.93) in NS group.There was no significant difference in the incidence of hyperamylasemia between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of PEP,severe PEP and the scores of abdominal pain were lower in the S group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Placement of pancreatic duct stent can reduce the PEP rate of difficult bile duct cannulation and relieve the abdominal pain.

Objective To analyze the possible risk factors of esophageal stenosis after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Methods From January 2008 to December 2009, a total of 219 procedures of esophageal EMR were performed to resect early esophageal squamous carcinoma and its precancerous lesions,and esophageal stenosis was observed in 9 cases. Data of these 9 patients ( stenosis group) were collected and compared with those of patients without stenosis ( control group, n = 202, 8 patients were excluded because of being diagnosed as squamous carcinoma with submucosal infiltration after EMR and being transfered to surgery). Results There was no significant difference between two groups in regard of gender, age, location of the lesion, length of the lesion or pathological diagnosis after EMR, while the rate of patients with mucosal defect larger than 3/4 circumference in stenosis group ( 8/9, 88.9% ) was significantly higher than that in control group (9/202, 4. 5%, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion In EMR for early esophageal squamous carcinoma and its precancerous lesions, post-EMR mucosal defect larger than 3/4 circumference is a risk factor for esophageal stenosis.

Studies have suggested that human cytomegalovirus-activated infection is closely associated with atherosclerosis. The levels of interleukin-8 increase significantly in human cyto-megalovirus infection-related atherosclerosis, inducing and aggravating inflammatory reaction through the chemokine receptors, and thus plays an important role in the process of atherosclerosis.

Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for lesions at gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Methods A total of 51 lesions located at GEJ from 51 patients, with an average size of 10. 9±4. 0 mm (3-28 mm), were treated with EMR between November 2005 and March 2009, among which 39 were diagnosed as low grade dysplasia and 12 as high grade dysplasia pathologically after EMR. The histopathologic results were compared between biopsies and EMR samples. All patients were followed up endoscopically. Results Complete resection was achieved in 44 ( 86. 3% ). The histopathologic diagnosis of 25 cases (49. 9% ) was inconsistent between biopsy and EMR samples, with 24 exhibited higher grade dysplasia after EMR. Main complication during EMR was bleeding in 17 patients ( 33. 3% ), all of which were successfully managed. No perforation or postoperative stenesis occurred. Endoscopic follow-up was carried out in 8 patients for more than 3 years, in 17 for 2-3 years, in 12 for 1-2 years and in 14 for less than 1 year. No death occurred during follow-up. Conclusion EMR can be adquately adopted as an effective treatment for pre-cuncerous lesions at GEJ, which is important in blocking malignant progression of dysplastic lesions.

Objective To learn 2009~2014 Shaanxi Province sentinel surveillance six classes of HIV infection focus groups, and estimates of HIV-1 new infection.Methods Used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)and Western blot (WB)experiments for the 2009~2014 HIV sentinel surveillance Shaanxi Province Category 6 focus groups conducted a total of 77 778 HIV antibody screening and confirmatory testing estimates of HIV-1 new infection.Results 2009~2014 men who had sex with men and people with HIV infection rate were 3.75%,8.77%,3.50%,5.00%,6.20% and 5.75%,and a slow upward trend;HIV-1 new infection were 5.04%,8.96%,5.01%,5.95%,4.68% and 6.39%,the overall downward trend. Young students,drug addicts,sex workers,pregnant women,and male STD clinic attenders five people with HIV infection and HIV-1 new infection were emerging to remain low.But male STD clinic attenders of HIV infection and HIV-1 new in-fection was emerging slowly rising trend.Conclusion Shaanxi MSM HIV infection and HIV-1 new infection were high,but HIV-1 new infection had decreased slowly.Emerging trend should continue to increase the population of the intervention ef-forts.The infection rate in other monitoring population was relatively low but a few people on the rise,the need to take the necessary coping methods.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) and bile tumor marker in differential diagnosis of suspected biliary stricture.Methods A total of 57 patients with biliary stricture (8 benign strictures,49 cases of malignant strictures),who underwent IDUS and tests of serum and bile tumor markers (CA19-9 and CEA),were analyzed.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy were compared among the outcomes of B-ultrasonography,CT,MRCP,IDUS,as well as IDUS combined with bile tumor markers.Results The specificity of the IDUS and the combined group were 63.6％ (7/11) and 77.8％ (7/9) respectively (P ＞ 0.05).The positive predictive value of the IDUS and the combined group were 91.8％ (45/49) and 95.9％ (47/49) respectively (P ＞0.05).The diagnostic accuracy of the IDUS and the combined group were 91.2％ (52/57) and 94.7％ (54/57) respectively (P ＞0.05).Data of the two groups were significantly higher than conventional imaging like B-ultrasound,CT and MRCP.The accuracy of IDUS combined with bile CEA for the diagnosis of distal bile duct cancer was 97.9％ (46/47),significantly higher than that of IDUS.Conclusion IDUS combined with biliary tumor markers is of high value for distinguishing the bile benign from malignant stricture.IDUS combined with biliary CEA test can improve the diagnostic accuracy of distal malignant biliary stricture diseases.