Objective To explore the application of reading education in cultivating nursing students' humanities in vocational college.Methods Nursing students were selected at random and divided into two groups,35 students in the experimental group and 50 in the control group.The students in the experimental group were given the 2-year related instruction through reading activities in the light of the principle enhance general humanities foundation in the first grade and strengthen humanistic features in the second grade.Nursing skill assessment and questionnaire oriented to humanities were used to test the educational effect.Results The result of nursing skill assessment in the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group.The score of humanities' moral,law,culture and aesthetic dimension and the total score of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group.Conclusions Well targeted reading is effective in the cultivation of nursing students' humanities.Meanwhile reading education can serve as an important and beneficial way to improve the cultivation mode of vocational college's nursing humanities.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of intravascular embolization of carotid-cavernous fistulation.Methods 5 cases were examined by DSA of brain to find out the sites of fistulation.The detachable balloon or GDC(Guglielmi Detachable Coil)were employed in embolotherapy.Results 1 cases were embolized successful with detachable balloon and kept free circulation of ICASs;The embolism of ICA involved side were performed in 2 cases for patient with pseudoaneurysm and 1 patients cavernous involved were embolized with GDC for small mouth of the fistula.Another case balloon raptured two times when it was detached to cavernous after one free balloon was dept in cavernous,the patient didn't want to embolized the ICA involved,the trentment was stoped,the patients symptoms was disappeated after one week of therapy.Conclusion The site and size of carotic-cavernous fistulation can be detected by DSA of brain intravascular embolization is the first-choise method of therapy for it.

Background and purpose. Gastric stromal tumor (GST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract and most often arises in the stomach. In the past, surgery was the only effective treatment. The diagnosis and treatment of GST has been revolutionized over the past, since expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT (CD117) was shown to occur on these tumors, the outcome of GST treatment has dramatically been improved. This study focused on the therapeutic experience of GST and analyzed the pathological features and prognostic factors of GST in our center. Methods: All the 26 cases underwent surgical resection and three of them were treated over 6 months with imatinib 400 mg/d. The clinical pathological and follow-up data of 26 patients with GST admitted in our hospital between Jan. 2000 and Dec. 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Results. All the cases underwent curative resections, including palliative liver resection in 3 patients with liver metastasis. Recurrence occured on 6 patients, including 1 case with low risk group, 1 case with intermediate risk group, 4 cases with high risk group. Tumor size ranged from 2 to 15 cm with the mean of 5.5 cm. The immunohistochemistry results revealed that the positive rates of CD117, CD34 and Vimentin were 92.3%, 80.8% and 96.2% respectively. After operation, three patients accepted imatinib mesylate therapy over 6 months. Two of them were alive, but one had liver metastasis. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 36 months (median: 28 months). Four cases were lost. The 1-, 3-year overall survival rates of 26 cases were 96.2% and 84.6%. Conclusion: Tumor size, location, mitosis and immunohistochemical data are important variables to evaluate GST behavior and prognosis. Surgical resection is the main therapy for GST and targeted therapy will improve the prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Thermotherapy has achieved remarkable therapeutic effect on patients with esophageal cancer. However, there are still some problems which cannot be answered today, such as the damage of esophageal mucosa during deep thermotherapy when metal stent is placed in esophagus. OBJECTIVE: To study the metal stent-caused damages to esophageal mucosa of pigs in radiofrequency hyperthermia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Observational study which was performed in the Department of Tumor, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College from October 2004 to January 2005. MATERIALS: 13 pigs weighing 35-40 kg were used in this study. Esophagus stent of memory alloy with membrane was provided by Zhiye Medical Apparatus Institute of Changzhou, China METHODS: Five points were located for measurement, i.e. the middle of the stent, the exit of the stent, 2 cm and 4 cm a distance from the exit and 4 cm from the entrance. Esophagus of 13 pigs was heated for 30 minutes by SR-1000 radiofrequency hyperthermia machine in frequency of 40.82 MHz, pole plate of 25 cm Ⅱ 25 cm and power of 500-700 W. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The esophageal mucosa was observed with naked eyes. And optical microscopy was used to observe the changes of the esophageal mucosa. RESULTS: Because one pig died of anesthesia and there were troubles of thermal detector lines in 4 pigs, only 8 pigs were included in the final analysis. Level of damage of esophageal mucosa on five temperature checkpoints was observed from grade 0 to 1 in naked eyes, and the difference of damaged level between five checkpoints was not obvious in statistics (H=2.0, P=0.157). Level of the damage was observed from grade 0 to 2 in microscope, and the difference was not obvious in statistics too (H=2.734, P=0.255). CONCLUSION: Influence of the metal stent on esophageal mucosa can be neglected in radiofrequency hyperthermia, and metal stent does not cause obvious mechanical damage or thermal damage to esophageal mucosa of pigs. It is safe and feasible to carry out radiofrequency hyperthermia on placed metal stent esophagus.

Objective To investigate the expression level of antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and to evaluate its relation to clinicopathological features and prognosis of HCC.Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method was used to detect the expression of ANRIL in HCC tissues and adiacent tissues (n =90) and to analyze its relationship with clinicopathological data.Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox proportional models were used to study the impact on clinical outcome.Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence ANRIL and to explore the effects of reduced ANRIL expression on cell growth and metastasis.Results ANRIL expression in HCC tissues was significantly higher than in the adjacent non-tumor tissues (t =13.083,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of ANRIL was remarkably associated with the histologic grade (x2 =40.724,P ＜ 0.05) and TNM stage (x2 =43.245,P ＜ 0.05).The mean survival time of the patients with high ANRIL was 18.2 months (95％ CI:14.9-21.5 months),shorter than 39.4 months (95％ CI:35.5-43.4 months) in low expression (x2 =47.590,P ＜0.05).Multivariate analysis suggested that high ANRIL expression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis (HR =2.143,95％ CI:1.083-4.243,P ＜ 0.05).Decreased expression of ANRIL could suppress the cell proliferation,migration and invasion of HCC cells.Conclusion Positive ANRIL expression is negatively correlated with the prognosis of HCC patients.

Educational reform of pathophysiology oriented to clinical application is to pass the physician qualifica -tion examination .One of essential approach is to implement pathophysiology teaching with the translational medical philosophy and promote the harmonious development of physician -patient relationship with the utilization of the de-velopment and changes of disease in the teaching process .In that way, the pathophysiology in basic and clinical medicine is worthy of the name of “bridge”, and ultimately achieves the goal of “the transformation and develop-ment of the cultivation of clinical application talents”.

Objective To investigate the role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)signaling pathway in propofol-induced suppression of up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression in LPSstimulated RAW264.7 cells.Methods RAW264.7 cells were purchased from cell bank of Chinese Academy of Sciences and cultured in DMEM culture medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum.The cells were seeded in 6 cm diameter dishes (3 ml/dish) or in 6-well plates (2 ml/well) with a density of 5 × 105/ml and randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =18): normal control group (group C),group LPS (group L)and group LPS + propofol (group LP).The cells were incubated with LPS 1 μg/ml in groups L and LP.Propofol 50μmol/L was added to the culture medium at 2 h before LPS in group LP.Cells were harvested at 30 min after being stimulated with LPS.Phosphorylation of IκB kinase(p-IKK) and NF-κB activity were detected by Western blot.The expression of iNOS mRNA was determined after 6 h exposure of the cells to LPS.Results LPS significantly up-regulated the expression of p-IKK and iNOS mRNA and increased NF-κB activity in group L as compared with group C.Propofol pretreatment significantly attenuated the effects of LPS on p-IKK,iNOS mRNA expression and NF-κB activity.Conclusion NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in the propofol-induced suppression of up-regulation of iNOS mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.

AIM: To explore the role of phosphatidylinositiol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (PI3K/Akt/eNOS) signaling pathways in the inhibitory effects of puerarin on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced tissue factor (TF) expression in vascular endothelial cells.METHODS: The mRNA expression of TF was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.The protein levels of TF and Akt was determined by Western blot.The content of the nitric oxide (NO) was measured by nitrate reduction method.RESULTS: Compared with control group, incubating endothelial cells with ox-LDL significantly induced TF expression at mRNA and protein levels and the dephosphorylation of Akt protein, and decreased NO production.Incubation of the endothelial cells with puerarin for 1 h and then treatment of the cells with ox-LDL decreased the TF expression at mRNA and protein levels, increased Akt protein phosphorylation and intracellular NO content.Co-incubation of the endothelial cells with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and puerarin for 1 h and then treatment of the cells with ox-LDL augmented the TF expression at mRNA and protein levels and the Akt protein dephosphorylation, and decreased NO production.Co-incubation of the endothelial cells with eNOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and puerarin significantly decreased the inhibitory effect of puerarin on ox-LDL-induced TF expression at mRNA and protein levels in the endothelial cells, and reduced Akt protein phosphorylation and NO production.CONCLUSION: Puerarin inhibits ox-LDL-induced TF expression at mRNA and protein levels in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells via activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PECS block under ultrasound guidance in multimodal analgesia after modified radical mastectomy.Methods Sixty female patients aged 18-65 years, ASA grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ, undergoing elective unilateral modified radical mastectomy were enrolled.Patients were randomly divided into PECS group (group P, n=30) or control group (group C, n=30).Two groups of patients were given flurbiprofen axetil 1 mg/kg via intravenous injection before operation.After general anesthesia induction, patients in group P received ultrasound guided pectoral nerves block with 30 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine.Patients in group C didn`t receive nerve block.Anesthesia maintenance was performed by combined intravenous-inhalation Anesthesia.Postoperative VAS pain scores (at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 postoperative hours), does of intraoperative remifentanil, rescue analgesic requirements in the first 24 h after surgery, adverse reactions were recorded.Results VAS score in group P was lower than that in group C at 0, 3, 6 and 12 h after surgery (P<0.05), there was no difference at 24 h.The dose of remifentanil and the rescue analgesic requirements in group P were lower than those in group C (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in postoperative adverse reactions between the two groups.Conclusion As a supplementary mode of multimodal analgesia, PECS block is a safe and reliable technique that provide better analgesia effect for modified radical mastectomy.

Aim To study the apoptotic inducing effects of deguelin on SH-SY5Y cells.Methods SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 0,0.625,1.25,2.5,5,10 and 20 μmol·L-1 deguelin for different time(24,48,72 h);cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay.SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 0,8,20,50 μmol·L-1 deguelin for 24 h;light microscope and AO/EB double stained method were employed for observing the morphology and apoptotic morphology of treated cells.Apoptotic rate of treated cells was determined by flow cytometry.Cells were stained by DCFH-DA,and the whole reactive oxygen species(ROS)was determined by flow cytometry.Spectrophotometry was employed to determine the activation degree of caspase-3.Results Deguelin inhibited cell growth in a time-and dose-dependent manner,and the IC50 value of deguelin was(26.07±2.18),(18.33±0.94),(12.5±1.49)μmol·L-1 when treated with 24,48,72 h respectively.After treated with 8,20,50 μmol·L-1 deguelin for 24 h,cell apoptotic rate,ROS and activation rate of caspase-3 increased markedly(P<0.05),all of which performed a dose related effect.Conclusion Deguelin can inhibit SH-SY5Y cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis,and the mechanism may be concerned with the elevated ROS and activated caspase-3.