Copy number variations (CNVs) refer as a DNA segment that is 1 kb or larger and is presented at a variable copy number in comparison with a reference genome. Classes of CNVs include insertions, deletions, duplications and their complex combinations. Because they widely distributed in the genome with some important characteristics, such as heritable, relative stable and heterogeneity, CNVs are considered as novel genomic polymorphism markers. And the alteration of gene dosage which resulted from CNVs could change phenotype, so a novel CNV genome-wide association analysis (CNV-GWAS) strategy appeared recently and began to used for identifying susceptible genes of complex diseases. It was approved that it could complement the tranditional genome-wide association studies based on single nucleotide polymorphisms. Therefore, genomic structure variances are favorable for revealing the molecular mechanisms and genetic foundation of complex diseases.

Microskin autografts were covered with artificial collagen skin, pig skin and cadaver skin in the rats. The results showed that the adhesion to wound and hemostasis of artificial collagen skin was better than pig or cadaver skins. The histological section of healing wound with artificial collagen skin showed that there were revascularization and fibroblast infiltration. The results suggest that artificial collagen skin may be used instead of allograft.

Effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino extract on the vitalit y and life-span of thorny nude belly water flea was studied. Resilis showed that all 0. 0125%, 0.0250%, 0.0500% and 0.1000% extract of G. pentaphyllum signifienntly effected the growth, development,reproduction and life span of the water flea.

Mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics has become an indispensable tool for tumor marker discovery.Stable isotope labeling with amino acid in cell culture(SILAC),as a representative of in vivo metabolic labeling strategy,is a simple and relatively quantitative assay for comparative proteomics.Two kinds of cultured cells are grown in the medium containing either a light or heavy isotope labeled essential amino acids.After several cell doublings,the heavy amino acids are introduced into the nascent polypeptides in a sequence-specific fashion and the natural amino acid is completely replaced by its isotopically labeled analog.Accuracy quantification would be feasible by analyzing the peak intensities of every same peptide pairs labeled with light or heavy isotopes by the mass spectrometry.Compared with chemical labeling,SILAC requires much less amount of labeled proteins,and it is an efficient,straightforward,reproducible and accurate approach in cell-based systems.This method can not only investigate the dynamics of protein abundance,but also monitor the variation of posttranslational modifications and protein-protein interactions qualitatively and quantitatively.It is a powerful and important quantitative proteomics tool for tumor marker discovery.

Infantile spasm is the most common epileptic encephalopathy in infancy.Without early diagnosis and effective treatment, serious consequences and economic burden maybe caused.One of the main characteristics of infantile spasm is the hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalography (EEG). It is important to analyze EEG accurately and reliably by scoring EEG.In order to further improve the EEG scoring system and better play the role of EEG in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis implications of infantile spasm, in this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of various EEG scoring systems were analyzed, so as to provide clues by summarizing current EEG scoring systems and their applications in clinical practices.

Nowadays, proteomics focuses on quantitative analysis rather than qualitative. In the field of quantitative proteomics, Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) is one of the most widely used techniques. The advantage of iTRAQ is high throughput, high stability and free of the restriction of sample property. iTRAQ is suitable for almost all kinds of samples, and up to 8 samples can be analyzed simultaneously by commercially available kit. Along with the development of techniques, more and more mass spectrometry (MS) platforms are used in iTRAQ experiments and the accuracy of iTRAQ has been improved. iTRAQ has been applied to studies of microorganism, animal, plant, medical and protein post-translational modification. Here we review the recent progress in the development of iTRAQ and its applications in quantitative proteomics.
Animals ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Proteomics ; methods

AIM: To study inhibitory effect on proliferation of docetaxel on murine angiosarcoma cell line (ISOS-1) and compare with etoposide. METH ODS: In vitro, the inhibitory effect on proliferation of docetaxel and etoposide on ISOS-1 cells were carried out by Alamar Blue assay. In vivo study, after murine angiosarcoma model establishment, seventy mice were divided into trial and control group with 5 mice for each group. The dosages of docetaxel and etoposide were 5, 10, 20 mg · kg-1 respectively through administration by intravenous (iv) or intraperitoneal (ip) injection. The iv injection was performed once a week and total 4 times as one course. The ip injection was taken once a day, keeping for 5 d as a course and then repeated once more after 2 wk. The control group was injected with the normal saline. The volumes of the tumors and the survival days were calculated. RESULTS: In vitro study, the IC5o of docetaxel for ISOS-1 cells was 15.8 μg · L-1 showing obviously lower than that of et oposide group ( 1. 175 mg · L-1 ). In vivo study, the anti-tumor effect of docetaxel was better than that of et oposide at three different doses by iv, and all the in hibitory rates of tumor volume were more than 70 %. The life prolonging effect of 5 mg · kg- 1 docetaxel was similar to that of etoposide 10 mg · kg-1. The adverse reactions of ip injection were stronger than those of ivinjection. The dosage of etoposide 20 mg · kg-1 almost reached the lethal dose. CONCLUSION: Docetaxel shows obviously inhibitory effects on proliferation of murine angiosarcoma cell line (ISOS-1), which is superior to that of etoposide. It is safe and effective with low dosage once a week by iv.

Objective: To evaluate value of application of intravascular ultrasound imaging (IVUS) in diagnosing borderline lesions in left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left main coronary artery (LM). Methods: According to results of coronary angiography (CAG) in 60 cases with coronary borderline lesions, including 20 cases in LM, 20 cases in proximal segment of LAD and 20 cases in middle segment of LAD, the diagnostic value of IVUS in coronary borderline lesion was evaluated. Results: Compared with CAG, mean diameter stenosis rate of each coronary artery [LM: (65.3l±7.81) % vs. (75.28±8.89) %，proximal segment of LAD: (66.67±8.79) % vs. (78.89±7.88) %，middle segment of LAD: (71.55±6.83) % vs. (75.3l±7.81) %, P<0.01 all] significantly increased in IVUS. The differences of detection rate of plaque calcification and plaque rupture were no significant between CAG and IVUS（＞0.05）. Conclusion: Different degrees of underestimation of coronary artery stenosis exist in CAG, especially in proximal segment of LAD. IVUS can be an effective complement to CAG.

Objective:To study whether gangliosides inhibit the antigen-presenting capability of epidermal Langerhans cells.Methods:In the vitro test, the purified Langerhans cells were exposed to increasing concentration of gangliosides for 5 hours at 37℃,then KLH was added and incubated for 2 hours at 37℃.At last we added HDK1 and after 72 hours of coculture, levels of IFN-? in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. In the vivo test, immunity to the S1509a spindle cell carcinoma was induced by s.c. inoculation at weekly intervals into naive syngeneic(CAF1) for a total of three immunizations. Delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH) was elicited 1 week after the last immunization by injection a hind footpad with TAA-pulsed Langerhans cells incubated with or without gangliosides. Footpad swelling was assessed at 24 and 48 hours with a spring-loaded engineer′s micrometer.Results:The presence of gangliosides during HDK1 activation reduced the expression of IFN-? in vitro test. Gangliosides suppressed Langerhans cells to elicit DTH against TAA in vivo test.Conclusion:Ganglioside inhibit the antigen-presenting capability of epidermal Langerhans cells.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of Yangjinhua Powder Capsule(Flos Daturae Powder Capsule)in the treatment of Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods Of the 51 PD patients,15 who came for the first visit were administered Yangjinhua Powder Capsule only,and 36 who had been taking western medicine were given Yangjinhua Powder Capsule without stopping using the original medicine.The Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS)was used to score the patients before treatment,7 days,3 months,and 6 months after treatment respectively,and as well to evaluate the total effect and untoward reactions.Results After treatment,29(56.86%)patients were remarkably improved;11(21.57%)patients were improved;and 2(3.92%)patients were slightly improved.Totally 42 patients were improved.The total effective rate was 82.35%.After 7 days' treatment,the improvement of tremor was significant(P