The development of hearing of Kunming strain mouse was studied using evoked auditory nerve action potential (AP). The result showed that the onset of hearing was present during P10( tenth postnatal day) to P14. The thresholds of AP - N1 wave declined gradualy with the growth of the mouse. The auditory thresholds declined dramatically in the period from P10 to P20 and it indicated that the development of hearing was more rapid in this period. The thresholds, amplitudes and latencies of AP - N1 wave attained adult values by P40. The result showed that it took about one month for Kunming strain mouse to attain hearing maturation. The study on the development of hearing in normal mouse may serve as an important reference when studying degenerative lesions of the inner ear and the regeneration of cochlear hair cells.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of lengthening the short-side albuginea of the bending penis by the allogeneic acellular dermal matrix ( Allo-ADM ) for the treatment of penile curvature.MethodsFrom Jun 2007 to Jun 2010,18 patients with penile curvature due to malformation of the albuginea cavernous body were treated.The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 26 years (mean,20 years).Twelve patients were married.The curvature degree ranged from 30° to 80° (mean,55°).There were 17cases of single curvature and 1 case of complex curvature.The grafts ( Allo-ADM ) of different sizes were sutured to the albuginea at the curvatus side of the penis according to the extent of penile curvature through a circumcision incision.The extent of penile curvature and complications were evaluated postoperatively.ResultsPenile curvature was corrected in all 18 patients after the operation.No infection,hematoma and abnormal erection occurred postoperatively. No erectile dysfunction and penile re-curvature was observed during the follow-up period of 3 to 24 months.ConclusionLengthening the short-side albuginea of the bending penis by Allo-ADM could be a safe and effective way to correct penile curvature.

Objective To discuss the surgical techniques and efficacy of a new method of breast treatment of hypermastia. Methods From January 2009 to February 2011, a series of 15 patients underwent a new technique for reduction mammaplasty. This technique involved a superomedial pedicle nipple-areolar complex (NAC). Results In our series, the resection weight per breast was (522. 9±218.3) g and the new nipple-to-sternal-notch distance was (21.7± 1.74) cm postoperatively. Mean nipple elevation was 8. 5cm (range, 4-16 cm). There were no hematoma and partial or complete NAC necroses occurred in our series. Minimal wound dehiscence occurred in one case ( 6.7 % ). Thirteen patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months. NAC sensibilities were comparable before and after operation, and good breast shapes were produced in all cases. Conclusion The superomedial pedicle technique provides good results with respect to NAC viability and sensibility, breast contour and last superomedial fullness.

Objective To assess the long term effects of combined oral contraceptive pills use on the mean of serum TG, TC, HDL C, LDL C, ApoA1, ApoB and Lp(a). Methods The study was carried out in 446 women grouped as combined norethisterone containing ethinylestradiol (EE) 35 ?g and norethisterone 625 ?g; combined 18 metayl norethisterone (norgestrel) containing EE 30 ?g and 18 metayl norethisterone 300 ?g for using 5～25 years, and control subjects wearing IUD for the corresponding period. The three groups were similar in age, body mass index (BMI), continued period of contraceptives use and income. Results The data showed that changes of varying degree of lipid and lipoprotein parameters were obvious in women of long term taking low dose combined norethisterone and norgestrel, compared with the control. The mean of TG, HDL C, ApoA1 were significantly increased simultaneously ( P

Objective The immunocytochemical localizations of GABA\-A\| and GABA\-B\|receptor in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus(Vme) of the rat were examined in order to provide morphological evidence for a possible functional analysis of GABA\|receptor in the transmission and modulation of the orofacial region trigeminal proprioceptive sensory information. Methods An immunocytochemical staining method was used in the present study,and immunostained sections were observed under light microscope. Results Many neuronal cell bodies,fibers and terminals with dense GABA\-A\| and GABA\-B\|receptor\|like immunoreactivity(\|LI) were observed to be localized in Vme,and different subunits of GABA\|receptor\|LI showed the morphological difference in their distribution:1.Immunoreactivity for GABA\-B R1 subunit was intensely distributed in the cell bodies of Vme neurons,whereas the weak immunoreactivity for GABA\-BR2 subunit was only observed in the region surrounding the somata of Vme neurons which showed negative GABA\-BR2\|LI;2.A considerable number of GABA\-A\|like immunoreactive neurons,fibers and terminals were also found in Vme.It was involved four kinds of subunits(?1,?2,?3 and ?).The heavy immunoreactivity for GABA\-AR?1 and GABA\-AR?3 subunits were only seen in the cell bodies of Vme neurons.On the other hand,the immunoreactivity for GABA\-AR?2 and GABA\-AR? subunits was only observed in the fibers and terminals in the region surrounding the somata of Vme neurons,which showed negative immunoreactivity for above subunits;3.Dense GABA\-BR2\|,GABA\-AR?2\| and GABA\-AR?\|LI fibers and terminals surround the somata of Vme neurons,especially for GABA\-AR?2\|LI.Conclusion\ The present results suggest that there are some differences in the distribution of the various subunits of GABA\-A\| and GABA\-B\|receptor in Vme.It is likely that the inhibitory regulation and control effects of GABAergic terminals on the transmission of orofacial region proprioceptive sensory information might be mainly mediated through GABA\-AR?1 and GABA\-AR?3 subunits in somata of Vme neurons.

Objective To observe the connections between the glutamic acid decarboxylase\|like immunoreactive(GAD\|LI) axonal terminals and the positive neurons showing phosphate actived glutaminase(PAG)\|LI or GABA\-A\|receptor ?3 subunit (GABA\-AR?3)\|LI and parvalbumin(PV)\|LI in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus(Vme) of the rat. Methods The triple\|immunofluoresence histochemical staining techniques were used in the present study,and stained sections were observed under a confocal laser\|scanning microscope. Results Many neuronal cell bodies through the whole rostrocaudal extent of Vme were showed dense GABA\-AR?3\|,PAG\| and PV\|like immunoreactivities,respectively.The majority of them were large pseudounipolar neurons(diameter 25\|50?m).About 90% of PAG\|LI neurons expressed both GABA\-AR?3\|LI and PV\|LI.Confocal laser\|scanning microscope further revealed that dense GAD\|LI axonal varicosities were found to surround the somata of Vme neurons showing both GABA\-AR?3\| and PAG\|like immunoreactivities,and formed the close contact each other.Conclusion\ The present results suggested that the GABAergic axonal terminals projecting to Vme might exert inhibitory regulation and control effect through GABA\-AR?3 subunit localizated in somata of Vme neurons on the transmission of orofacial region proprioceptive sensory information mediated by glutamate.

BACKGROUND:Treatment programs for low back pain are of great varieties, but there is stil no a definite treatment. Pressure biofeedback instrument is a tool to measure abdominal muscle activity, and its reliability in the treatment of low back pain is less reported. OBJECTIVE:To explore the reliability and feasibility of the pressure biofeedback instrument for assessment of low back pain. METHODS:Thirty patients with chronic low back pain were enrol ed and subject to four kinds of postures:posture A was prone position;posture B was supine position with flexion of the knee joints, posture C was supine position with unilateral flexion of the hip and knee joint, posture D was prone position with unilateral shoulder flexion. Intra-abdominal pressure values under the different postures were measured twice within a week in the same subject. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the reliability. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Posture A had good test-retest reliability, and the value of ICC was 0.853 (95%confidence interval:0.691-0.930);posture B showed moderate test-retest reliability, and the ICC value was 0.751 (95%confidence interval:0.477-0.882);posture C also had moderate test-retest reliability, and the ICC value was 0.789 (95%confidence interval:0.557-0.900), posture D had good test-retest reliability, and the value of ICC was 0.892 (95%confidence interval:0.641-0.919). Therefore, the pressure biofeedback for evaluation of low back pain has good reliability, which can be used for the evaluation of low back pain.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the selection of operative methods,timing of operation and the effect of hige-energy distal tibia Pilon fracture.

METHODSFrom July 2006 to December 2009, 29 patients with hige-energy distal tibia Pilon fractures were treated, including 23 males and 6 females with an average age of 36.8 years old ranging from 21 to 54 years. According to Ruedi-Allgower classification on Pilon fractures, there were 3 cases of type I, 16 of type II and 10 of type III. The type I patients were fixed by screws and Kirschner wires and the cases of type II and III were fixed by filmy clover steel plates closed up tibia medial border or tibia lateral anatomical steel plates. All patients were evaluated by the tumid algesic level of ankle joint, gait,the activity of ankle joint according to Mazur score.

RESULTSNone of patients occurred complications such as deep infection, fractured internal fixation and prolapsed internal fixation. All patients were followed up from 6 to 42 months (averaged 28 months). The time of fracture healing was from 10 to 32 weeks (means 15 weeks). According to the ankle score of Mazur, the results were excellent in 15 cases,good in 10 cases,fair in 3 cases, poor in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONThe step-by-step delayed open reduction and internal fixation for hige-energy distal tibia Pilon fracture is an effective method with fewer complications and good function after the recovery of soft tissue injury. The method can not only mitigate the level of soft tissue injury, but also is beneficial to the early joint motion with rigid fixation.

Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibia ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Time Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of autologous granular fat graft applied for penile lengthening and augmentation.Methods After all the superficial ligment and 1/3-2/ 3 part of the deep suspensory-ligament had been cut off for penile lengthening,local pedicaled fasciaadipose flap was designed to fill the depression,the pre-centrifuged autologous granular fat was injected into the space beneath Buck's fascia for penile augmentation.Normal length,pulling penis length,diameter,circumference and complications were evaluated.Results 34 cases were performed and followed up for 3-18 months,both ideal length and diameter increase of penis were achieved.The differences of nomal length,pulling-length,the diameter and circumference were (2.8±0.1) cm,(2.1±0.2) cm,(0.9 ± 0.1) cm,(2.8 ± 0.1) cm,respectively.The common complications included poor wound healing in 4 cases,preputial edema and subcutaneous scleroma in 8 cases for 3 months.Conclusions Autologous granular fat graft for penile augmentation during the lengthening surgery is a reliable and effective method and easy procedure.Detail processing can decrease the complications.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influences of staphylococcus aureus in planktonic and biofilm forms on the expression of lysozyme, SLPI and gp340 in the human sinonasal explant model. METHOD: Mucosa samples from ethmoid sinus were collected from ten patients of cerebrospinal fluid leak and were cultured with and without S. aureus biofilms and planktonic cells. After the infection, the explant model was confirmed by CLSM, and the secretion of lysozyme, SLPI and gp340 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 8, 16, and 24 h after S. aureus challenge. Expressions of lysozyme, SLPI and gp340 in mRNA and protein levels after 24 h S. aureus challenge were detected using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western bolt assay respectively. RESULT: The secretion of lysozyme, SLPI and gp340 in the explant model was observed with a trend to increase in a time-dependent manner. At 8 and 16 h after S. aureus challenge, the secretion of lysozyme, SLPI and gp340 in biofilms group was significantly higher than these in planktonic cells group and control group (P<0. 05). S. aureus biofilms enhanced the mRNA expressions of lysozyme, SLPI and gp340 significantly compared with planktonic cells and controls, and the mRNA expressions in the explant model challenged by planktonic cells were significantly higher than controls (P < 0.05). Although the Western bolt assay showed no differences between the lysozyme expression in the planktonic cells group and control group (P > 0.05), the biofilms enhanced the expressions of lysozyme, SLPI and gp340 significantly compared with planktonic cells and controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION S. aureus biofilm induced the expressions of lysozyme, SLPI and gp340 to a higher level than planktonic cells, indicating that S. aureus biofilm was an influencing factor on the innate immune system.
Biofilms ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Ethmoid Sinus ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Muramidase ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor ; metabolism ; Staphylococcal Infections ; metabolism ; Tissue Culture Techniques