Objective To investigate the role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)signaling pathway in propofol-induced suppression of up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression in LPSstimulated RAW264.7 cells.Methods RAW264.7 cells were purchased from cell bank of Chinese Academy of Sciences and cultured in DMEM culture medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum.The cells were seeded in 6 cm diameter dishes (3 ml/dish) or in 6-well plates (2 ml/well) with a density of 5 × 105/ml and randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =18): normal control group (group C),group LPS (group L)and group LPS + propofol (group LP).The cells were incubated with LPS 1 μg/ml in groups L and LP.Propofol 50μmol/L was added to the culture medium at 2 h before LPS in group LP.Cells were harvested at 30 min after being stimulated with LPS.Phosphorylation of IκB kinase(p-IKK) and NF-κB activity were detected by Western blot.The expression of iNOS mRNA was determined after 6 h exposure of the cells to LPS.Results LPS significantly up-regulated the expression of p-IKK and iNOS mRNA and increased NF-κB activity in group L as compared with group C.Propofol pretreatment significantly attenuated the effects of LPS on p-IKK,iNOS mRNA expression and NF-κB activity.Conclusion NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in the propofol-induced suppression of up-regulation of iNOS mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.

Objective:To study the differentiation capacity of the fibroblast-like cells isolated from human skin dermis into mesenchymal stem cells, and to explore the feasibility to use these cells as alternative cell source of autologus bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs ) for regeneration of tissue inj uries and defects. Methods:Full thickness skin samples were obtained from the abdomen of surgical patients, then digested with dispase and collagenase Ⅰ subsequently. Thereafter, the digested cells were collected and cultured, followed by suspension with serum free medium containing N2,B27,basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF),and epidermal growth factor (EGF).The skin dermis derived spheroids (SDDSs)were collected and monolayer cultured in serum-containing medium.Finally,the cells were characterized by immunofluorescence staining and differentiation assays.Results:The dermis derived cells proliferated and formed SDDSs in the suspension of serum-free medium. After monolayer cultivation in serum-containing medium, the cells from spheroids were successfully expanded to large number. The cells expressed mesenchymal stem cells markers CD90, CD105 and vimentin. Under osteogenic,chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation conditions,these cells were differentiated into the alizarin red,safranin O, and oil red O staining positive cells, displayed similar differentiation traits with BMSCs. However,safranin O staining was weaker in the dermis derived cells than BMSCs. Conclusion:A kind of fibroblast-like cells exist in human skin dermis, and have osteocytic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation potentials,demonstrating that these cells will be utilized as a novel cell source for repairing the tissue injury and defect in clinic.

This study was to investigate the effects of the combination of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) on pigs. Twenty-four weaning piglets were divided into a control group fed a diet free of mycotoxins and a toxin group fed a diet containing 1 mg/kg DON and 250 microgram/kg ZON. The results showed that supplementation of DON and ZON in diets had extensive effects on pigs. More specifically, DON and ZON caused levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin in sera to decrease (p < 0.05) by 14.5%, 6.5% and 11.3%, respectively, and at the same time increased (p < 0.05) the serum enzyme activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase by 72.0%, 32.6% and 36.6%, respectively. In addition, DON and ZON decreased (p < 0.05) the level of anticlassical swine fever antibody titers by 14.8%. Real-time PCR showed that DON and ZON caused the mRNA expression levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, to decrease (p < 0.05) by 36.0%, 29.0% and 35.4%, respectively. Histopathological studies demonstrated that DON and ZON caused abnormalities in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, uterus, and kidney. The concentrations of DON and ZON used in this study are in line with the published critical values permitted by BML. Our study clearly put the standard and adequacy of safety measures for these toxins into question. The authors suggest that with the increasing availability of cellular and molecular technologies, it is time to revisit the safety standards for toxins in feeds so as to make feeds safer, providing consumers with safer products.
Animal Feed/*analysis ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Diet/veterinary ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/blood/*chemically induced/*physiopathology ; Trichothecenes/*administration & dosage/*adverse effects/pharmacology ; Zearalenone/*administration & dosage/*adverse effects/pharmacology

BACKGROUND:With the continuous advancement of medical technology,stem cell therapy has been used to treat a variety of diseases,including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of stem cell therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and prospect the development trend of this field. METHODS:PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and WanFang Data were searched for articles published from 1995 to 2024 using the key words"amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,mesenchymal stem cells,neural stem/progenitor cells,pluripotent stem cells."A total of more than 1 700 articles were retrieved,and 58 articles were finally included in this review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease that affects lower motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord and upper motor neurons in the motor cortex.The related research of stem cells in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has become a research hotspot.In this review,we summarize the application of different types of stem cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis research,including mesenchymal stem cells,neural stem progenitor cells,and induced pluripotent stem cells,and evaluate the key points of preclinical research such as stem cell source,cell volume,stem cell modification methods,and drug delivery routes,which lays the foundation for the future application of stem cell therapy.