This paper presents plasma exchange(P.E) therapy in 8 cases of four types of immunic diseaes. The colony forming unit-T lymphocyte (TL-CFU), the symbol T-cell subsets with monoclone antibody (McAb), and the cisrculating immune complex (CIC)were examined before and after the therapy of P.E. and compared with the interelationship of each other. The experiments indicated that plasmapheresis may remove the CIC and noxious autoantibodies and regulation of the action of cellular immunity. All these functions are synthetic therapeutic effects. The indices of checkup on therapeutics were: TL-CFU, CIC and the ratio of T_H and T_S. After plasmaphersis, the ratio of CIC was lowered but the TL was higer than before (P

BACKGROUND: Systemic administrations are widely used in preventing or curing bone infections, however, it accompanied by great adverse reactions and limited local blood drug levels. Therefore, local administration becomes a research focus, which aimed to explore a carrier possess good biocompatibility and slow-release antibiotics. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of calcium alginate gel compound vancomycin on prevention of bone infection, simultaneously, single drug was injected or implanted into models to compare the results.METHODS: A total of 60 healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were prepared for osteomyelitis models by injecting Staphylococcus auraus to right tibiae medullaris, and randomly divided into systemic treatment, tricalcium phosphate and calcium alginate gel groups. After model preparation, rabbits in the systemic treatment group were intramuscular injected vancomycin (0.03 g, twice per day, for 4 successive days); in the triceicium phosphate group, 1 g tricalcium phosphate combined with 0.1 g vancomycin.was filled in the defects, sealed with bone wax. In the calcium alginate gel group, calcium alginate gel combined with vancomycin was implanted. Gross observation, radiological image and histological analysis were performed at weeks 4 and 8 after operation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Local swelling and partial sinus were found in the systemic treatment and tricalcium phosphate groups after operation. The pathological slice showed that there were a large number of lymphocytes and some sequestrum in the systemic treatment and tricelcium phosphate groups. However, there was no manifestation of osteomyelitis in the calcium alginate gel group. The results suggested that calcium alginate gel compound vancomycin exhibit superior therapeutic effect on prevention of bone infection to local administration of calcium alginate gel combined with vancomycin or systemic application of vancomycin.

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV),family Nanaviridae,genus Babuvirus,is a single stranded DNA virus (ssDNA) that causes banana bunchy top disease (BBTD) in banana plants.It is the most common and most destructive of all viruses in these plants and is widespread throughout the Asia-Pacific region.In this study we isolated,cloned and sequenced a BBTV sample from Hainan Island,China.The results from sequencing and bioinformatics analysis indicate this isolate represents a satellite DNA component with 12 DNA sequences motifs.We also predicted the physical and chemical properties,structure,signal peptide,phosphorylation,secondary structure,tertiary structure and functional domains of its encoding protein,and compare them with the corresponding quantities in the replication initiation protein of BBTV DNA1.

Objective To study blood type B antigen elimination with α-galactosidase in human liver tissue,and discuss the feasibility of blood type conversion in human liver.Methods The liver specimens from patients with blood type B in liver transplantation were collected,and an in vitro liver perfusion model was established.The in vitro livers were perfused with UW solution +/-α-galactosidase.The effect of enzyme in B antigen of human liver were analyzed by immunofluorescence.Results With UW solution containing α-galactosidase to perfuse the in vitro livers,immunohistochemistry showed the level of blood type B antigen in liver was significantly reduced after hypothermic perfusion and preservation.The B antigen level in 1 h perfusion was reduced to approximate 58％ of this figure prior to perfusion,in 2 h was 10％,and in 4 h was 4％.Among the different intervals,the blood group antigen levels showed significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).In the control group,the blood group antigen levels showed no obvious change on statistical analysis.Conclusions α-galactosidase was effective to clear blood type B antigen in isolated liver tissue.In the experimental group,Although the B antigen did not fall to a undetectable level,liver blood type conversion from B→O remains a promising potential which has been meaningful for related researches on blood type conversion of human organs.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and significance of CT image-based threedimensional (3D) brachytherapy for cervical cancer.Methods Three-dimensional (3D) plan and twodimensional (2D) plan were designed for 55 CT images of brachytherapy from 12 cervical cancer patients who received radical radiotherapy in 2013.Dosimetric comparison was performed between the 3D plan and 2D plan,and paired t-test,Wilcoxon signed rank test,Pearson correlation analysis,and Spearman correlation analysis were performed.Results A point dose,D90,V100,CI,and CI' in 3D plan were higher than those in 2D plan (P=0.015,0.016,0.000,0.000,0.000).Bladder point dose,rectal point dose,and rectal D2 cm3 in 3D plan were slightly higher than those in 2D plan,but hot spot dose was significantly reduced in 3D plan (P =0.140,0.123,0.214).Bladder D2cm3 was significantly higher than bladder point dose (P =0.000).Sigmoid colon D2cm3 was more correlated with the average doses of the three highest rectal points than rectal D2 cm3 (r =0.314,0.630,P =0.000,0.000).V100 showed a linear relationship with high-risk CTV (r =0.981,P =0.000).Bladder D2cm3 was higher than 430 cGy when the bladder volume was more than 80 cm3 ;small intestinal D2 cm3 did not change significantly when the bladder volume was less than 115 cm3,but decreased significantly once the volume exceeded the value.Conclusions Compared with the traditional 2D plan,the 3D plan for CT image-based cervical cancer brachytherapy significantly increases the target coverage and conformity index,but does not significantly increase the doses to organs at risk.Point dose evaluation is confirmed to be inaccurate.The doses to the bladder,rectum,and small intestine can be adjusted by controlling the bladder volume.

Objective To investigate the effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) pretreatment on the liver injury in rats undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Methods Forty male adult SD rats,weighing 220-250 g,served as liver transplant donors and recipients.The recipient rats were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =8 each):sham operation group (group S),OLT group and EP group.Group S only underwent simple laparotomy.The model of OLT was established according to the modified Kamada's two-cuff technique in groups OLT and EP.EP 40 mg/kg was injected via the caudal vein at 1 h before skin incision in group EP.Venous blood samples were taken at 2 h of neohepatic phase to determine the serum activities of alanine amino-transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino-transferase (AST).Hepatic specimens were obtained to detect the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD).Results Compared with group S,the levels of serum ALT and AST and MDA were significantly increased and the activity of SOD was significantly decreased in groups OLT and EP ( P ＜0.05 or 0.01).The levels of serum ALT and AST and MDA were significantly lower and the activity of SOD was significantly higher in group EP than in group OLT ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).Conclusion Ethyl pyruvate pretreatment can attenuate the liver injury in rats undergoing OLT.

Objective　To evaluate the expression of MAGE-1 gene in esophageal carcinoma and determine whether esophageal carcinoma patients should be eligible for MAGE-1 antigen-based vaccine therapies． Methods　 MAGE-1 mRNA expression in esophageal carcinoma was assessed by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification． The PCR products were then digested by restriction endonucleases and inserted into the pET-30a(+) vector． The sequence of the inserted gene fragment was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis． Results　Out of the 30 esophageal carcinomas studied, 43% of the esophageal carcinomas tissues expressed MAGE-1 gene and no expression was found in matched adjacent normal esophageal mucosae． The entire cDNA of the gene was cloned． Conclusion　Owing to the high frequency of MAGE-1 gene expression in esophageal carcinoma and MAGE-1 antigen can be recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes when presented by class-I HLA molecular, a large proportion of these patients might be suitable candidates for immune therapy involving tumor specific antigens encoded by MAGE-1 gene．

BACKGROUND:Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells are gaining widespread interest in the Achil es tendon tissue engineering and regeneration, and an enabling environment (oxygen concentration) for cellinduction and differentiation is particularly necessary.
OBJECTIVE:To co-culture adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells with primary tenocytes in standard culture condition (20%O 2 tension) and in an atmosphere of reduced oxygen (2%O 2 tension) in order to determine whether the two conditions differ in their effect on tenogenic differentiation.
METHODS:Tenocytes were isolated via serial expansion in culture from several Sprague-Dawley rats’ Achil es tendons. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were purchased. After one passage, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were indirectly co-cultured with tenocytes in standard culture condition (20%O 2 tension) and in an atmosphere of reduced oxygen (2%O 2 tension). Col agen 1, col agen 3, Tenomodulin, Thrombospondin-4, Scleraxis levels were compared for each culture condition at 7, 14 and 21 days fol owing co-culturing. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate production of col agen 1 and Thrombospondin-4.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Fol owing indirect co-culturing, hypoxic differentiated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells expressed higher levels of tendon-related genes and proteins than normoxic controls, which suggest that oxygen levels can significantly affect tenogenic differentiation, and hypoxia is advantageous for efficient differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro for tendon tissue engineering.

Objective To establish quality standards for stem leaf ofAstragali Radix.Methods A method of TLC identification was used for qualitative discrimination. The moisture, total ash and extracts contents of the stem leaf of Astragali Radix were determined by pharmacopoeia method. Total contents of astragaloside and astragalus polysaccharide were measured by colorimetry. The astragalosideⅣ and calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside contents were detected by HPLC.Results The spots of TLC were round and clear with good repeatability. The moisture contents of the stem leaf ofAstragali Radix were between 6.24%–12.24%; the total ash was between 8.21%–10.55%; the water- solubility extracts were between 12.12%–27.30%; alcohol-solubility extracts were between 6.89%–10.28%; the total contents of astragaloside were between 23.74–26.52 mg/g; astragalus polysaccharide were between 23.31–45.70 mg/g; the astragalosideⅣ contents were between 0.047%–0.18%; the calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside were 0.21%–0.26%. Conclusion The method is convenient, fast and repeatable, and the results are accurate and reliable, which can be used to control the quality of the stem leaf ofAstragali Radix effectively, and as the main index of the quality standard.

ObjectiveTo assess the validity of virtual-reality simulator UroMentorTM in skill training of ureteroscopy. MethodsThirty urologists were included and divided into groups A (n =18) and B (n =12 ) based on former ureteroscopy experience ( ≥ 20 or ＜ 20).Participants were assessed on their ability to perform cystoscopy,gnidewire insertion,semirigid ureteroscope advancement and basket extraction of a distal ureteric stone on the simulator.A blinded examiner assessed the subjects' performance using global rating scale (GRS).In addition,computer-generated parameters including time to complete the task,endoscope and instrument trauma,and the number of attempts to insert a guidewire were recorded as pretest.After 2 days of simulator training,they were retested with the same task. ResultsAll participants had reduced time to completion (333 ± 32 s & 228 ± 18 s,P =0.001 ) and improved GRS (24.4 ± 2.1 & 28.1 ±1.2,P =0.010).Differences were significant between the two groups in the time to completion (before 405 ±40 s & 262 ±22 s,P =0.014; after 276 ± 12 s & 179 ±9 s,P =0.000),and GRS (before 19.6 ±2.5 & 29.2 ± 1.3,P =0.009 ; after 25.0 ± 1.1 & 31.2 ± 0.7,P =0.002).Previous ureteroscopy experience was correlated to GRS (before r=0.705,after r=0.756). ConclusionThe UroMentor virtual-reality simulator is an appropriate and useful tool in training and assessing the skills of ureteroscopy.