This paper presents plasma exchange(P.E) therapy in 8 cases of four types of immunic diseaes. The colony forming unit-T lymphocyte (TL-CFU), the symbol T-cell subsets with monoclone antibody (McAb), and the cisrculating immune complex (CIC)were examined before and after the therapy of P.E. and compared with the interelationship of each other. The experiments indicated that plasmapheresis may remove the CIC and noxious autoantibodies and regulation of the action of cellular immunity. All these functions are synthetic therapeutic effects. The indices of checkup on therapeutics were: TL-CFU, CIC and the ratio of T_H and T_S. After plasmaphersis, the ratio of CIC was lowered but the TL was higer than before (P

BACKGROUND: Systemic administrations are widely used in preventing or curing bone infections, however, it accompanied by great adverse reactions and limited local blood drug levels. Therefore, local administration becomes a research focus, which aimed to explore a carrier possess good biocompatibility and slow-release antibiotics. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of calcium alginate gel compound vancomycin on prevention of bone infection, simultaneously, single drug was injected or implanted into models to compare the results.METHODS: A total of 60 healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were prepared for osteomyelitis models by injecting Staphylococcus auraus to right tibiae medullaris, and randomly divided into systemic treatment, tricalcium phosphate and calcium alginate gel groups. After model preparation, rabbits in the systemic treatment group were intramuscular injected vancomycin (0.03 g, twice per day, for 4 successive days); in the triceicium phosphate group, 1 g tricalcium phosphate combined with 0.1 g vancomycin.was filled in the defects, sealed with bone wax. In the calcium alginate gel group, calcium alginate gel combined with vancomycin was implanted. Gross observation, radiological image and histological analysis were performed at weeks 4 and 8 after operation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Local swelling and partial sinus were found in the systemic treatment and tricalcium phosphate groups after operation. The pathological slice showed that there were a large number of lymphocytes and some sequestrum in the systemic treatment and tricelcium phosphate groups. However, there was no manifestation of osteomyelitis in the calcium alginate gel group. The results suggested that calcium alginate gel compound vancomycin exhibit superior therapeutic effect on prevention of bone infection to local administration of calcium alginate gel combined with vancomycin or systemic application of vancomycin.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and significance of CT image-based threedimensional (3D) brachytherapy for cervical cancer.Methods Three-dimensional (3D) plan and twodimensional (2D) plan were designed for 55 CT images of brachytherapy from 12 cervical cancer patients who received radical radiotherapy in 2013.Dosimetric comparison was performed between the 3D plan and 2D plan,and paired t-test,Wilcoxon signed rank test,Pearson correlation analysis,and Spearman correlation analysis were performed.Results A point dose,D90,V100,CI,and CI' in 3D plan were higher than those in 2D plan (P=0.015,0.016,0.000,0.000,0.000).Bladder point dose,rectal point dose,and rectal D2 cm3 in 3D plan were slightly higher than those in 2D plan,but hot spot dose was significantly reduced in 3D plan (P =0.140,0.123,0.214).Bladder D2cm3 was significantly higher than bladder point dose (P =0.000).Sigmoid colon D2cm3 was more correlated with the average doses of the three highest rectal points than rectal D2 cm3 (r =0.314,0.630,P =0.000,0.000).V100 showed a linear relationship with high-risk CTV (r =0.981,P =0.000).Bladder D2cm3 was higher than 430 cGy when the bladder volume was more than 80 cm3 ;small intestinal D2 cm3 did not change significantly when the bladder volume was less than 115 cm3,but decreased significantly once the volume exceeded the value.Conclusions Compared with the traditional 2D plan,the 3D plan for CT image-based cervical cancer brachytherapy significantly increases the target coverage and conformity index,but does not significantly increase the doses to organs at risk.Point dose evaluation is confirmed to be inaccurate.The doses to the bladder,rectum,and small intestine can be adjusted by controlling the bladder volume.

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV),family Nanaviridae,genus Babuvirus,is a single stranded DNA virus (ssDNA) that causes banana bunchy top disease (BBTD) in banana plants.It is the most common and most destructive of all viruses in these plants and is widespread throughout the Asia-Pacific region.In this study we isolated,cloned and sequenced a BBTV sample from Hainan Island,China.The results from sequencing and bioinformatics analysis indicate this isolate represents a satellite DNA component with 12 DNA sequences motifs.We also predicted the physical and chemical properties,structure,signal peptide,phosphorylation,secondary structure,tertiary structure and functional domains of its encoding protein,and compare them with the corresponding quantities in the replication initiation protein of BBTV DNA1.

Objective To study blood type B antigen elimination with α-galactosidase in human liver tissue,and discuss the feasibility of blood type conversion in human liver.Methods The liver specimens from patients with blood type B in liver transplantation were collected,and an in vitro liver perfusion model was established.The in vitro livers were perfused with UW solution +/-α-galactosidase.The effect of enzyme in B antigen of human liver were analyzed by immunofluorescence.Results With UW solution containing α-galactosidase to perfuse the in vitro livers,immunohistochemistry showed the level of blood type B antigen in liver was significantly reduced after hypothermic perfusion and preservation.The B antigen level in 1 h perfusion was reduced to approximate 58％ of this figure prior to perfusion,in 2 h was 10％,and in 4 h was 4％.Among the different intervals,the blood group antigen levels showed significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).In the control group,the blood group antigen levels showed no obvious change on statistical analysis.Conclusions α-galactosidase was effective to clear blood type B antigen in isolated liver tissue.In the experimental group,Although the B antigen did not fall to a undetectable level,liver blood type conversion from B→O remains a promising potential which has been meaningful for related researches on blood type conversion of human organs.

Objective To investigate the effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) pretreatment on the liver injury in rats undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Methods Forty male adult SD rats,weighing 220-250 g,served as liver transplant donors and recipients.The recipient rats were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =8 each):sham operation group (group S),OLT group and EP group.Group S only underwent simple laparotomy.The model of OLT was established according to the modified Kamada's two-cuff technique in groups OLT and EP.EP 40 mg/kg was injected via the caudal vein at 1 h before skin incision in group EP.Venous blood samples were taken at 2 h of neohepatic phase to determine the serum activities of alanine amino-transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino-transferase (AST).Hepatic specimens were obtained to detect the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD).Results Compared with group S,the levels of serum ALT and AST and MDA were significantly increased and the activity of SOD was significantly decreased in groups OLT and EP ( P ＜0.05 or 0.01).The levels of serum ALT and AST and MDA were significantly lower and the activity of SOD was significantly higher in group EP than in group OLT ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).Conclusion Ethyl pyruvate pretreatment can attenuate the liver injury in rats undergoing OLT.

Objective To investigate the effect of berberine preconditioning on the intestinal injury caused by liver cold ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Twenty-four pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-250 g,were randomized into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),I/R group,and berberine preconditioning group (B group).The animals were anesthetized with 5％ chloral hydrate 60 mg/kg.In B group,berberine 200 mg/kg was administered through a gastric tube once a day for 7 consecutive days starting from 7 days before operation.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead of berberine in group Ⅰ/R.At 8 h after operation,the rats were sacrificed and the intestines were harvested for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio),levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD),expression of cytochrome C,Bax and Bcl-2 and apoptotic cell count,and for microscopic examination.Intestinal damage was assessed and scored according to Chiu.Results Compared with group S,Chiu's score,W/D ratio,MDA content and apoptotic cell count were significantly increased,SOD activity was decreased,the expression of cytochrome C and Bax was up-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 was downregulated in I/R and B groups.Compared with group I/R,Chiu's score,W/D ratio,MDA content and apoptotic cell count were significantly decreased,SOD activity was increased,the expression of cytochrome C and Bax was down-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated in B group.Conclusion Berberine preconditioning can reduce the intestinal injury caused by liver cold I/R in rats,and the mechanism is related to inhibition of lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis.

Objective To identify-and study a monoclonal antibody (McAb) against pancreatic cancer stem cell in vitro,as well as to provide candidate antibody-drug for cancer stem cell-targeted therapy of pancreatic cancer.Methods Cell culture in serum-free medium and PKH26 staining were used to determine the existence of cancer stem cell in PANC-1 cell line.Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of CD24 and CD44 in PANC-1 cells and sphere cells,Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of CD24 and antigen recognized by 15D2.The effects of 15D2 on self-renewal,proliferation and chemosensitivity to gemcitabine of PANC-1 parent or sphere cells were identified by serum-free suspension culture and CCK-8 assay,Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the level of antigen recognized by 15D2 in cancer and adjacent tissues.Results PANC-1 cells could survive,proliferate and form sphere cells in serum-free medium.The sphere-forming rate was (2.5±0.5) ％.The percentage of CD44+ CD24+ cells population in sphere cells increased by 11.4 folds compared to PANC-1 cells,in which single nearly 97 ％ CD24+ cells was CD44+ CD24+ cells.Therefore,CD24+ was selected for cancer stem cell marker in PANC-1 in this study.The two-color immunofluorescence assay showed that 15D2 could recognize cells which was also stained by CD24.In vitro functional experiments demonstrated that 15D2 significantly suppressed the sphere formation of PANC-1 cells,with the inhibitory rate being 30.4 ％.Meanwhile,the combination of 15D2 and gemcitabine can significantly attenuate the growth of PANC-1 sphere cells.The IC50 was 0.10 μmol/L in 15D2+gemeitabine group,and 0.39 μmol/L in mlgM+gemcitabine group,Immunohistochemical results showed that the antigen recognized by 15D2 was greatly expressed in about 76.9 ％ (11/13) human pancreatic cancer tissues and hardly detected in adjacent normal tissues (10.0 ％,1/10).Conclusion McAb 15D2 can inhibit self-renewal and drug-resistance of pancreatic cancer stem cell in PANC-1 cell line,and it might become a candidate drug for target pancreatic cancer stem cell treatment.

BACKGROUND:Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells are gaining widespread interest in the Achil es tendon tissue engineering and regeneration, and an enabling environment (oxygen concentration) for cellinduction and differentiation is particularly necessary.
OBJECTIVE:To co-culture adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells with primary tenocytes in standard culture condition (20%O 2 tension) and in an atmosphere of reduced oxygen (2%O 2 tension) in order to determine whether the two conditions differ in their effect on tenogenic differentiation.
METHODS:Tenocytes were isolated via serial expansion in culture from several Sprague-Dawley rats’ Achil es tendons. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were purchased. After one passage, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were indirectly co-cultured with tenocytes in standard culture condition (20%O 2 tension) and in an atmosphere of reduced oxygen (2%O 2 tension). Col agen 1, col agen 3, Tenomodulin, Thrombospondin-4, Scleraxis levels were compared for each culture condition at 7, 14 and 21 days fol owing co-culturing. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate production of col agen 1 and Thrombospondin-4.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Fol owing indirect co-culturing, hypoxic differentiated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells expressed higher levels of tendon-related genes and proteins than normoxic controls, which suggest that oxygen levels can significantly affect tenogenic differentiation, and hypoxia is advantageous for efficient differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro for tendon tissue engineering.

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane postconditioning on oxidative stress responses during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats,weighing 240-280 g,were randomly assigned into 3 groups:sham operation group (group S),focal cerebral I/R group (group I/R) and sevoflurane postconditioning group (group SP).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 350 mg/kg.Focal cerebral I/R was produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion.In group SP,3.9％ sevoflurane (1.5 MAC) was inhaled starting from 20 min before reperfusion until 10 min after reperfusion.While 100％ O2 and air were given instead of sevoflurane in groups I/R and S,respectively.Six rats chosen from each group at 24 h of reperfusion were sacrificed and brains were removed for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA),glutathione (GSH),superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR) levels and for microscopic examination.The cerebral infarct size was measured by TTC staining.Results Compared with group S,MDA level and cerebral infarct size were significantly increased in groups I/R and SP,and GSH,SOD,CAT,GSH-Px and GR levels were decreased in group I/R,and GSH-Px level was decreased in group SP (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,cerebral infarct size and MDA level were decreased,and GSH,SOD,CAT,GSH-Px and GR levels were decreased in group SP (P ＜ 0.05).The pathological changes were significantly attenuated in group SP compared with group I/R.Conclusion The mechanism by which sevoflurane postconditioning mitigates focal cerebral I/R injury in rats is related to enhanced antioxidase activity and inhibition of oxidative stress responses.