The planned digital textbook Human Parasitology, the first of its kind, published by People's Medical Publishing House is an important medical education effort that features the inte-gration of digital resources. This paper introduces the digital textbook construction goal, namely using paper-based textbook for five-year undergraduates as blueprint to reasonably display the digital re-sources based on the features of the discipline. The advantages of this digital approach over traditional paper-based textbook in demonstrating parasitic morphology, lifecycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epi-demiology and control are discussed. Valuable experiences in planning and constructing this digital textbook are to be shared.

Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of Compounded Sour Medicinal Herbs (CSMH) in preventing and amelioration type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rats chronic complication, by analyzing the effects of CSMH on the deposition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and gene expression of their receptor myocardial tissue in T2DM rats. Methods The rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) through peritoneum, and fed with high-fat and high-caloric diets to induce T2DM animal models. Then the rats were randomly divided into three groups:untreated group (model group), AG treated group and CSMH treated group. The deposition of AGEs and gene expression of RAGE in the myocardial tissue of T2DM rats were detected separately by fluorescence and real time PCR method. Results The deposition of AGEs and gene expression of their receptor in myocardial tissue in control group were lower than that of T2DM rats (P

Objective To identify the mutations of DNA gyrase gyrA and Topoisomerase Ⅳ parC genes in quinolone-resistant Shigella flexneri clinical isolates and evaluate the relevance of amino acid changes in GyrA and ParC to quinolone resistance. Methods Based on the antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 47 S.flexneri clinical isolates with different quinolone susceptibility were selected and the fragments including the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) in gyrA and parC were PCR amplified and sequenced. SAS (V 8.2) software was used to analyze the correlation between quinolone resistance and changes in GyrA and ParC. Results Sense mutation(s) in gyrA and parC were commonly observed in all of 44 quinolone-resistant isolates, whereas no sense mutation was found in the 3 quinolone-susceptible ones. The most frequent mutation is at codon 83(TCG→TTG) of gyrA, which was observed in 43 quinolone-resistant isolates. The mixed model analysis indicated that the alterations in amino acid 83 of GyrA and amino acid 80 of ParC are close related to nalidixic acid resistance (P

Objective To evaluate the effect of arthroscopic reshaping procedures on symptomatic discoid meniscus and compare the outcomes between children and adults. Methods The medical records of those who had undergone arthroscopic reshaping procedures for symptomatic discoid meniscus between January 1997 to December 2000 were reviewed. Results Fifty-four patients had been followed up more than 7 years, including 38 children and 16 adults. The average Lysholm score increased from (65.0?10.0) preoperatively to (72.0?10.0) postoperatively. The average 8.2-year follow-up showed no obvious clinical symptoms and signs or osteoarthritis in children. Fourteen knees in adults were found osteoarthritis on X-ray film, of which 6 showed the symptoms and signs of osteoarthritis. Conclusion The midterm efficacy of arthroscopic surgery for symptomatic discoid menisci and the occurrence of postoperative osteoarthritis are related to age and injury course.

AIM:To demonstate the expression of human cytochrome P450 3A4 isozyme in the transgenic cell line CHL - 3A4 established in this laboratory. METHODS:Nifedipine (NIF) can induce the reversal of the brug resistance for adriamycin of multidrug resistant(MDR) cell K562r. The NIF is the specific substlate for CYP3A4. To determine the NIF oxidase activity of the transgenic CHL - 3A4 cells by comparing the biological effect of NIF, which preinculbated with or without CHL - 3A4 S9 mix. RESULTS: When the multidrug resistance cell K562r was cultured in medium with NIF (12. 5 ?g? L- 1 ), a calcium channel blocker and specific substrate for CYP3A, it's IC50 for adri- amycin declined from(6.47?0.60) mg ? L- 1 to (0. 89?0. 15) mg? L-1. When cells were cultured in NIF(exactly the same concentration ) pretreated with CHL - 3A4 S9 mix,no reversal of MDR was observed [IC50 for adriamycin is (6.10?0.50) mg? L-1 ] while if NIF was pretreated with CHL S9 or inactivated CHL - 3A4 S9 mix, its biological effect was not deteriorated [IC50 for adriamycin is (0. 32?0.90) and (0.32?0.04) mg?L-1, P

AIM:To clon human cytochrome P450 2A6 cDNA. METHODS:Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and DNA recombinant technique, a full-length cDNA encoding cytochrome P450 2A6( CYP2A6 ) from human liver was cloned into pBluescript vector. The cDNA segment was identified by DNA sequencing.RESULTS: Comparing with the CYP2A6 sequence, the cloned CYP2A6 cDNA had two different bases, codon 8 CTG(Leu)→TTG(Leu), codon 479 GGC(Gly)→GTC(Val) and was quite different in their 3′end noncoding region. Comparing with CYP2A7 seqence reported by Fernandez-Salguero,the cloned CYP2A6 cDNA had some different in 5′ end coding sequence and several differencey in the 3′ end coding and noncoding sequence, but both codon 479 were GTC(Val).Comparing with the CYP2A7 seqence reported by Yamano,the cloned CYP2A6 cDNA had some difference in the coding sequence but the 3′ end no-coding area was the same. CONCLUSION: The cloned cDNA was a new cDNA of CYP2A6 which may be transcripted from a new allele of CYP2A6.

With regard to the ethical nursing for patients suffering from cervical cancer,eight strategies are developed: To help establish credible relationship between nurses and target patients by psychological and ethical nursing and health education such as nursing on nutrition,skin,vaginal irrigation,radio-colitis,radio-cystitis and discharge instruction to the patients.

Background and purpose:Breast cancer has the highest morbidity and mortality rate in women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has no speciifc target and has low survival rate. Recent studies have veriifed BRD4 could promote tumor progression. This study aimed to detect the expression level of BRD4 in TNBC after treatment with gemcitabine, and to reveal the effect ofBRD4 silencing plus gemcitabine as a treatment for TNBC. Methods:The expression ofBRD4 in TNBC cell lines treated with gemcitabine was detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The effect of BRD4 silencing plus gemcitabine in TNBC was illustratedin vitro and in vivo.Results:The expression ofBRD4 in TNBC was signiifcantly increased after treatment with gemcitabine.In vitro,BRD4 knockdown signiifcantly lowered the IC50 value. The apoptotic rate of TNBC was signiifcantly increased in theBRD4 silencing plus gemcitabine group compared to the other. The growth rate of tumorin vivo was signiifcantly lowered in the BRD4 silencing plus gemcitabine group.Conclusion:BRD4 may play an important role in the drug resistance to gemcitabine in TNBC.BRD4 silencing plus gemcitabine may be a novel treatment strategy for TNBC.

BACKGROUND: Previous artificial ligament is easy to break for material fatigue and to appear synonitis for materialbiocompatibility.OBJECTIVE: To observe the application effect of ligament advanced reinforcement system (LARS) artificial ligament inreconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament via follow-up.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An own control, follow-up observation was performed between August 2004 andJanuary 2007 at the Department of Orthopedics and Joint Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury, including 16 with sport injury and 12 withvehicle accident injury.MATERIALS: The main component of LARS artificial ligament (Laboratoire d'Applieation et de Recherche Scientifique,France) is the high-tenacity polyester fiber polyethylene terephthalate.METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury were performed arthroscopic reconstruction of theligament with LARS artificial ligament and were averagely followed up for 20 months.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients' anterior drawer test, Lysholm score, range of motion prior to transplantationand in follow-up.RESULTS: The knee unstable symptom of 28 patients disappeared, anterior drawer test was negative, joint function wasgood with the flexion of 5.71 to 129.64 degrees. Average Lysholm score raised from (45.7±9.82) points prior totransplantation to (86.5±6.44) points after transplantation (P < 0.001). All patients resumed normal activities at 2 monthsafter transplantation, without acute or chronic synovitis and host response to materials.CONCLUSION: LARS artificial ligament is a relatively safe transplantation material and especially suitable to reconstructanterior cruciate ligament with sport injury. Mid-/short-term follow-up shows good result.

Objective To explore the differences of the joint function and the patient's satisfaction between two different methods to reconstruct limb length for unilateral Crowe Ⅳ developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).Methods The clinical controlled study were used.21 cases with unilateral DDH Crowe Ⅳ treated with total hip arthroplasty were divided into 2 groups randomly.The patients in the first group were reconstructed the limb with the compensatory length and those in the second group were did with the real length.The patients were followed up 10 years.Two independent sample t-test was used to compare these two operations.Harris scores and SF-36 scores were used in the test.Survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier method was involved in the survival of the prosthesis and then test with Log-rank test.X-ray films of different period were compared to confirm the prosthetic loosening.Results Seventeen patients were followed up 8-10 years.There were no significant differences both in Harris score and most of the SF-36 scores at the median follow-up of 10 years.The item mental healthy of SF-36 expressed significant difference.Five patients required revision.There were 10 cases suffered with polyethylene wear,6 cases with severe osteoporosis in greater trochanter,and 3 cases with osteolytic reaction.Conclusion There are no significant differences between the two surgical method in the survival rate of prosthesis and the joint function in the median follow up.The satisfaction of the control groups is lower than the trial groups both at the early stage after the operation and the median follow up.The revision rate between the two groups is similar but the reason is different.