Standardized patient(SP) is the core element of medical student evaluation system and completes the contents and tasks of objective structured clinical skills examination(OSCE).Its training level directly affects the accuracy and science of the evaluation system.By training and management,SP can be applied in interrogation,physical and other exams for undergraduate,graduate,continuing education students.It has been recognized apparently that the application of SP meets the target of cultivating innovative medical talents and plays a key role in practice evaluation and appraisal system.SP is the useful supplement for the cmrent clinical teaching methods and means.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the morphology and proliferation of follicles from cryopreserved human ovarian tissue by vitrification.

METHODSOvarian biopsy specimens were taken from 12 patients. The specimens were randomly distributed into fresh group (Group A) and vitrification group (Group B). Histological examination and ultrastructural observation were performed after cryopreservation. Both were embedded in paraffin block and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSThe proportions of primordial and primary follicles from Group A and Group B were 86.4%, 13.6% and 84.5%, 15.5%, respectively (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in proportions of morphologically normal primordial follicles between Group A and Group B (P>0.05); but the proportion of morphologically abnormal primary follicles was significantly higher in Group B than that in Group A (P<0.05). The ultrastructural studies showed that in histologically normal primordial follicles, there was no difference between Group A and Group B, while there were a few abnormalities of primary follicles in Group B. Granulosa cells and oocytes of primordial and primary follicles and stromal cells were positive for PCNA staining both in fresh and cryopreserved ovarian tissues; there were no differences between two groups.

CONCLUSIONVitrification is a favorable method in human ovarian cryopreservation.

Adult ; Cell Proliferation ; Cryopreservation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Oocytes ; cytology ; Ovarian Follicle ; cytology ; ultrastructure ; Ovary ; anatomy & histology ; Vitrification

Objective To explore the correlation between depressive symptoms and frailty,in order to provide evidence for prevention and relief of depressive symptoms in elderly inpatients.Methods A cross-sectional survey and comprehensive geriatric assessment(CGA)were conducted with 248 eligible elderly inpatients from December 2015 to February 2017 in our hospital.Depressive symptoms were assessed by the 5-Item Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS-5),and frailty was identified by the frailty phenotype method.Results In all respondents,50 (20.2 ％)patients showed depressive symptoms,93(37.5 ％)patients had pre-frailty and 39 (15.7 ％)patients had frailty.Correlation analysis showed that frailty degree,low grip strength,slow gait speed,low physical activity,fatigue,and weakness were all positively correlated with depressive symptoms in elderly inpatients (r =0.441,0.315,0.426,0.316,0.395 and 0.151,respectively,P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that patients who had more severe frailty faced a much higher risk of developing depressive symptoms (OR=2.608,P＜0.05).Of the 5 indicators of frailty,slow gait speed and frailty also increased the risk of having depressive symptoms (OR =2.801 and 3.484,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Frailty degree,gait speed and fatigue are associated with increased risk of depression in the elderly.Depressive symptoms can be reduced in elderly inpatients with prevention and intervention of pre-frailty and frailty.