Zinc, copper and iron contents of pooled hair samples of primary and secondary school pupils in Beijing City were determined and their relations with the age and sex of the pupils were discussed. The zinc content of the hair varied with the age of the pupils more significantly than the copper and iron content, and therefore, it might be taken as an indicator of the physical development of the pupils.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on the func-tion of antral G cell in patients with active duodenal ulcer (DU) and functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods According to the status of H. pylori, 77 patients with active DU were randomly divided into three groups:group A, 51 cases whom H. pylori successfully eradicated (male 37 and female 14, with mean age of 35.2± 12.6); group B, 12 cases remained H. pylori positive after eradication therapy (male 9 and female 3, 34.5± 10.3) and group C, 14 H. pylori-negative patients (male 9 and female 5, 37.5 ± 11.8). Twenty-five H.pylori-eradicated FD patients served as controls (male 15 and female 10, 38.1 ± 12.6). Before and one month after therapy gastroendoscopy was performed and antral mucosa specimens were taken to detect the number of G cell (immunohistochemistry) and the expression of gastrin gene (RT-PCR with addition of α-32p-dATP).The plasma gastrin concentrations were also measurece by RIA. ResultsUlcer healed in all DU patients after the therapy. There was no significantly difference in G cell number among the four groups. Before therapy ex-pression levels of gastrin gene were significantly higher in all DU patients (group A 424.5 ± 151.6, group B 435.1 ± 113.8, group C 368.0 ± 184.3) than in FD patients (group D 215.8 ± 94.9 Bq, P ＜ 0.01 ). How-ever, there was not different between those in H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative DU patients ( P ＞0.05). Gastrin concentrations and its gene expression levels in DU patients tended to decrease after therapy but the difference was not significant no matter H. pylori was eradicated or not. However in FD patients (group D) they were decreased after H. pylori eradication (P < 0.05). Although gastrin levels in FD were similar to that in DU patients before the therapy, it was significantly decreased in FD than in DU after H. py-lori eradication (P<0.001). There was a positive relationships between plasma gastrin concentrations and its gene expression level in antral mucosa ( P < 0.05). ConclusionH. pylori infection does not affect antral G cell number but stimulates gastrin gene expression and gastrin release, which decreases after H. pylori eradica-tion. So, it can conclude that H. pylori infection and ulcer per se may affect the function of antral G cells.

Objective To explore the expression of nitric oxide synthases including neuronal nitric oxide synthases(nNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthases(iNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthases (eNOS) in neurogenic bladder tissues, and analyze it's producing feature and significance. Methods There were 30 cases with neurogenic bladder(18 males, 12 females). The average age was 6.3±3.1 years. All patients appeared with myelodysplasia, urinary and fecal incontinence in different degree. Twenty-six cases were manifested with hyperreflexia bladders, and all patients were treated with surgical procedures. During operation, collected bladder tissue samples including tissues of apex vesicae and tissues of bladder neck, and all tissues were enveloped with mineral wax. All tissues were detected for nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS respectively in tissues of apex vesicae and tissues of bladder neck,and with normal bladder tissues as control group (bladder tissues of hypospadia, 10 cases), and according to clinical features, to explore the expression of NOS, and to analyze the relationship among them. Results In normal apex vesicae tissues, all cases stained with nNOS, and distributed among bundles of smooth muscles, and surface of smooth muscles and interstitial tissue, histochemica;score (HS) 2.8-4.0 and 1.2-2.7. There were no stained cells in bladder tissues of iNOS, and HS was very low, HS:0-0. 4 and 0-0.1 ;eNOS mainly distributed in interstitial tissues in rarefaction manners, and mainly in vascular endothelial cell (VEC), and smooth muscles had no stainings the most expression among them was nNOS, and mainly distributed in bladder neck tissues. In neurogenic bladder tissues, the main expression of NOS type was iNOS, and nNOS decreased significantly. eNOS mainly expressed in VEC among interstitial tissues, and had no staining in smooth muscle cells and collagenoblast and rarefaction of microvessel in bladder tissues, and microvessel density decreased significantly than normal bladder tissues. Microvessal density(MVD) in bladder tisssus (6. 8± 3.2/100per square) was less than that in normal tissues (16.7±6.3/100 per square). Conclusions In normal bladder tissues, nNOS mainly distributes in bladder neck and urethra, and nitric oxide mainly derives from nNOS. Much more matrix fibers, fewer nitrogenergic nerves, and less nNOS expression are seen in neurogenic bladder interstitial tissue. There are more iNOS expressions in bladder tissues,and NO is mainly derived from iNOS, and it may play an important role in pathological bladder tissues, especially in fibrosis of bladder wall. eNOS may be considered as angiopoietic labeling, and may evaluate the blood supply of bladder.

Objective To investigate the effect of NS-398, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, on the expression of P-glycoprotein(P-gp) in a gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. Methods SGC-7901 cells were treated with NS-398 in different concentrations (0, 10 ?mol/L and 100 ?mol/L) respectively. Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) was detected by ELISA. Twenty four hs and 48 hs later, the expression of mdr1 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. P-gp protein expression in SGC-7901 cells was detected by immunocytochemical technique after NS-398 treatment.Results NS-398 can inhibit the expression of PGE2 in a dose-dependent manner(P

Objective To investigate the different expression of various subtypes of human leukocyte antigen-G(HLA-G)in placenta of patients complicated with severe pre-eclampsia.Methods Ten placental samples from early-onset severe pre-eclamptic pregnancies and ten from late-onset severe preeclamptic pregnancies were collected as study group; ten placental samples from preterm pregnancies and ten from normal pregnancies were collected as control group.The levels of HLA-G protein in the four groups were measured by western blot and immunohistochemistry.Results(1)HLA-G1 protein decreased significantly in both the early-onset(2.4 ± 0.6 versus 2.9 ± 1.1,P ＜ 0.05)and the late-onset pre-eclampsia groups (3.5 ± 2.1 versus 4.2 ± 2.4,P ＜ 0.05).(2)HLA-G5 protein increased in the late-onset pre-eclampsia groups(1.8 ± 1.1 versus 1.1 ± 0.9,P ＜ 0.05); the increase in the early-onset pre-eclampsia group is not obvious(1.6 ± 0.9 versus 1.4 ± 0.7,P ＞ 0.05).(3)The level of HLA-G1 protein in placenta from patients complicated with premature labor is lower(2.9 ± 1.1 versus 4.2 ± 2.4,P ＜ 0.05); HLA-G5 protein does not change significantly(1.4 ± 0.7 versus 1.1 ± 0.9,P ＞ 0.05).(4)HLA-G1 and G5 proteins mainly express in the placenta extravillous cytotrophoblast cells.There is also a high level of expression around the blood vessels and in the extraembryonic mesoderm.Conclusions(1)HLA-G1 decreased significantly in both the early-onset and late-onset pre-eclamptic patients.(2)HLA-G5 increased in both the early-onset and late-onset pre-eclamptic patients,and the increase in the late-onset pre-eclamptic patients is obvious.(3)In late pregnancy,the level of HLA-G1 is lower in patients complicated with premature labor,this may be the result of its earlier pregnancy week; HLA-G5 does not change significantly.(4)HLA-G1 and G5 mainly express in the placenta extravillous cytotrophoblast cells.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics and outcomes of twin pregnancies complicated with growth discordance.Methods Five hundred and seventy-six twin pregnancies who delivered between January 1,2000 and July 31,2012 in Peking University First Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Cases with twin-twin transfusion syndrome had been excluded.Fetal weight was estimated by abdominal circumference and femur length; neonatal birth weight was recorded.The weight difference between two babies was divided by the weight of the bigger one to obtain the differential ratio.Twin pregnancy complicated with growth discordance was diagnosed if the ratio was equal or greater than 25％ (discordance group,n=68),and growth concordance was diagnosed if the ratio was less than 25％ (concordance group,n=508).The incidence of twin pregnancies complicated with growth discordance was analyzed.The incidence of maternal complications,premature delivery,perinatal death and neonatal complications were compared between the two groups.Chisquare test and t test were used for statistical analysis.Results The incidence of twin pregnancies complicated with growth discordance was 11.8％ (68/576).The incidence of growth discordance in monochorionic twins was higher than that in dichorionic twins [17.6％ (40/227) vs 8.0％ (28/349),x2=11.40,P＜0.05].The gestational age at delivery in the discordance group was earlier than that in the concordance group [(35.6±4.1) weeks vs (36.6±3.2) weeks,t=-1.66,P＜0.05],and the incidence of premature delivery in the discordance group was higher than that in the concordance group [58.8％ (40/68) vs 47.6％ (242/508),x2=3.85,P＜0.05].The perinatal mortality in discordance group was higher than that in the concordance group [9.6％ (13/136) vs 4.7％ (48/1 016),x2=5.84,P＜0.05].Among babies in discordance group,the incidence of intracranial lesion in monochorionic twins was higher than that in dichorionic twins [20.9％ (14/67) vs 6.8％ (3/44),x2=4.06,P＜0.05].Conclusions Twin pregnancies with growth discordance are prone to adverse pregnancy outcomes.Prenatal care should be strengthened and fetal condition should be assessed timely.It is suggested that neonates should undergo overall checkup and long-term follow-up.

Aim To study the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and genetic factor-ABO blood group. Methods 177 cases of peptic ulcer were studied, including 127 cases with H. pylori infection in Group A and 50 cases without H. pylori infection in Group B. The percentages of ABO blood group in two groups were compared each other and were compared with that of the control group(the material of ABO blood group percentages of the people in the easten China) respectively. Results ①The percentage of blood group O in group A(53. 54％) was significantly higher than that of the control (P＜0. 01). ②No significant difference was observed between Group B and the control(P＞0.05) or Group A(P＞0. 05). Conclusion There is the relationship between H. pylori infection and blood group O.

Objective To evaluate the urodynamic outcome after bladder augmentation using double de-epithelialized segment of small intestine lined with urothelium. Methods Twenty-five children with neurogenical bladder (age range,4 to 14 years;16 males and 9 females) underwent bladder augmentation using de-epithelialized segment of small intestine lined with urothelium.Pre- and post-operative voiding cystoureterography,urodynamic and clinical evaluation were performed on them.Of them 21 cases were followed up for 6 to 24 months after operation. Results Bladder volume was increased from pre-operative (142.14?45.88)ml to post-operative (242.62?60.04) ml,compliance from (3.26?1.57) ml/cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa) to(8.10?3.00)ml/cmH 2O,and maximum urine flow rate from (3.00?1.00) ml/s to (7.60?2.90)ml/s,respectively(P

Objective To investigate the relationship among the content of serum HBV-DNA and the different degree of chronic liver damage,and the marks of hepatitis B virus and to explore its value in the evaluation of therapy.Method Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to measure the concentration of sera HBV-DNA in 113 patients infected by HBV.Results The serum HBV-DNA in mild chronic hepatitis group was the highest.In the patients with aggravating liver damage,the serum HBV-DNA concentration was decreased gradually.It was indicated that serum HBV-DNA concentration in the patients with HBeAg positive was significantly higher than that of HBeAg negative.However,there were no evident relationship among HBV-DNA concentration,ALT,AST activities and different Child's classification of cirrhosis.The patients with lower serum HBV-DNA concentration before treatment had a better outcome.The therapeutical effects were correlated with the serum of viral DNA concentrations.Conclusions The quantitative detection of serum HBV-DNA has instructive value in understanding the relationship among the clinical status of chronic hepatic disease,the duplication level of hepatitis virus and evaluating therapy.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of anuria caused by pediatric congenital bilateral ureteral stenotic obstruction,and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Methods This series included 7 infants(2 males and 5 females;age range,35-57 d) with congenital bilateral ureteral stenotic obstruction.The clinical presentations were characterized by sudden anuria or oliguria.B-ultrasound,cystography and puncture pyelography were performed in all of them,and magnetic resonance urography(MRU) in 3.Based on the definite diagnosis,resection of stenotic segment of the ureter or ureteral implantation was performed on them.Results The diagnosis was confirmed by puncture pyelography in all of the 7 cases.Six cases underwent phase I surgery and recovered.No ureteral stenosis and cystoureteral reflux occurred during a follow-up of 2-4 years.The renal function was normalized in them.One case had stenosis recurrence due to scar formation,and was cured by the second operation.Conclusions Anuria caused by pediatric congenital bilateral ureteral stenosis should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.Definite diagnosis can be established by puncture pyelography and MRU.Resection of the obstructive segment of the ureter,protection of renal function,and ureteral implantation are the main therapies.