Objective To investigate the protective effects of dl-3-n-butylphthalide（NBP）on amyloid β peptide 25-35（Aβ25-35）-induced apoptosis in PC-12 cells.Methods Cultured PC12 cells were divided into 6 groups：normal group,Aβ25-35 treated model group,0.1,1.0,10,100 μmol/L NBP pretreatment groups.MTT assay was employed to analyze the PC12 cell viability.The ultrastructural changes of neuronal mitochondria were viewed under transmission electron microscope.In order to observe the effects of oxidative stress,MDA and SOD activities were detected by spectrophotometry.Results NBP pretreatment could significantly prevent the cell viability induced by Aβ25-35（P 0.05）.Pretreatment with 10 μmol/L NBP could significantly inhibit the viability decrease induced by Aβ25-35（P 0.05）.Compared with the cells in the model group,the number and morphology of neuronal mitochondria changed distinctly in the NBP pretreated cells.The activity of SOD in the NBP pretreated cells was obviously higher than that of the cell in the model group,while MDA activity had opposite result.Conclusion NBP could protect the mitochondria in Aβ25-35 induced apoptosis by inhibiting the MDA activity and activating the SOD activity.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of continuous infiltration of Lidocaine in joint replacement surgery.Methods From May 2013 to October 2013,patients scheduled to undergo total hip or total knee arthroplasty were randomized into two groups:the local infiltration analgesia group received continuous infiltration of Lidocaine while the other group received PCIA filled with fentanyl after surgery.The equipments were removed 48 hours after the surgery.The visual analogue scale score at five points (immediate postoperative,24 hours after the surgery while resting,24 hours after the surgery while exercising,48 hours after the surgery while resting,48 hours after the surgery while exercising) were recorded and if the score was higher than 4,analgesics wound be given to the patients.The vital sign,blood test,ECG,the circumference of lower limbs,the range of motion of the joint,the rehabilitation and complications were also recorded.Results 42 patients were included,11 male and 31 female.There were 25 patients and 36 total knee arthroplasties.17 patients underwent a total of 19 hip arthroplasties.The demographic data,the diagnosis and the surgery type were comparable between two groups.The VAS scores at immediate postoperative,24 hours and 48 hours after the surgery while resting,the average dose of analgesics and the complication rate were statistically different be tween two groups.However,the VAS scores at 24 hours after the surgery and 48 hours after the surgery while exercising,the change of the circumferences of the lower limb,the range of motion of the joint,the rehabilitation satisfactory rate and length of stay were comparable between two groups,while no significant difference was observed.One patient in the PCIA group suffered from incision fat liquefaction and healed after three weeks.There were no infection and subcutaneous hydrocele in both groups.Conclusion Continuous infiltration of Lidocaine is more effective than the PCIA while resting after joint replacement surgery and no inferior to it while exercising.It can decrease the amount of Opioid.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of postoperative analgesia between intercostal nerve freezing and con‐trolled intravenous analgesia in patients of thoracic surgery .Methods 80 patients of thoracic surgery from January 2012 to June 2013 were randomly divided into two groups :Intercostal nerve cryotherapy group (frozen group n=40) and intravenous analgesia group(control group n=40) .Frozen group :the intercostal incision and down each one intercostal and chest tube placement of inter‐costal nerve roots were frozen before sternal closure ;control group :intravenous analgesia pump were used postoperative .According to VAS method to evaluate pain level and observe adverse reactions ,complications and analgesic drug usage of postoperative pa‐tients .Results The analgesic effect of frozen group was better than that of control group within five days after thoracotomy .Com‐pared with the control group ,the incidence of adverse reactions ,postoperative complications ,and analgesic drug usage was signifi‐cantly reduced in frozen group ,there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0 .05) .Postoperative follow‐up dis‐play :intercostal nerve area in some patients may appear numbness ,dysesthesia ,etc .,but the above situation can return to normal gradually .Conclusion The analgesic effect of intercostal nerve cryotherapy for thoracotomy patients is excellent ,and with few side effects and good safety ,and it is worthy of promotion .

Objective To investigate the age-associated changes of ultrastructure,mRNA and protein expressions of H+-K+-ATPase in elderly gastric parietal cell. Methods Fifty patients with relative normal stomach without gastroduodenal diseases were enrolled,including younger group (aged 20-59 years,n=19) and elderly group (aged≥60 years,n=31).Furthermore,the elderly group was divided into 3 subgroups:60-69 years old (n =11 ),70-79 years old (n=10 ),above 80 years old (n =10).The ultrastructure of gastric parietal cell was observed under electron microscope.The expression of H+-K+-ATPase α subunit mRNA and H+-K+-ATPase β subunit protein were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western-blot,respectively.The ageing-associated changes of all these data were respectively compared. Results No significant difference was showed in the morphology of gastric parietal cell and acid-secretion-associated organelles among all the groups.The average ratio Am to Ac (Am means the area of mitochondria,Ac means the area of cytoplasm) of gastric parietal cell and the average At to Ac ratio (At means the area of secretory canaliculi and tubulovesicular system )between younger group and elderly group had no significant difference[(48.4±7.5) ％ vs.(50.6±7.6) ％,t=-0.775,P=0.444; (13.8±4.1) ％ vs.(12.2±4.7) ％,t=0.984,P=0.332].Meanwhile,there were no distinctions in the expression of H+-K+ -ATPase α subunit mRNA and H+-K+-ATPase protein among all elderly subgroups(F=1.522,2.32,P=0.24,0.114).However,the mRNA expression of H+-K+-ATPase a subunit was higher in the elderly group than in the younger group(t=-3.682,P=0.001).Furthermore,the expression of H+ -K+ -ATPase protein in the elderly group was increased as compared with younger group(t=-3.389,P=0.004). Conclusions Acidsecretion-associated organelles of human gastric parietal cell have no degeneration and the expression of H + -K+-ATPase is in trend of increase with aging,indicating that healthy elderly people have the basis of ultrastructure and molecular biology to maintain well function of acid secretion.

Background and purpose:With the improvement of skill of video-assisted thoracic surgery, thoracoscopic anatomic segmentectomy becomes more and more mature. This paper aimed to study the safety, feasibility and clinical features of thoracoscopic anatomic segmentectomy for stageⅠ lung cancer.Methods:Data from 64 patients who was diagnosed as having clinicalⅠ stage lung cancer and received thoracoscopic anatomic pulmonary segmentectomy were retrospectively analyzed from Mar. 2008 to Jan. 2014. There were 28 men and 36 women with a median age of 59 years (39-86 years).Results:Sixty-four patients underwent thoracoscopic anatomic segmentectomy successfully. The median operative time was 120 min (90-240 min). The median blood loss in operation was 50 mL (10-200 mL). The median thoracic drainage time was 3 d(2-7 d). The median postoperative length of stay was 5 d(3-23 d). There was no postoperative mortality or severe complications. There was one conversion to lobectomy but no conversion to thoracotomy. There were 51 patients with ground glass opacity (GGO). Of the 51 patients, postoperative pathology showed invasive adenocarcinoma in 30, adenocarcinoma in situ in 10, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma in 6 and benign lesions in 5.Conclusion:Thoracoscopic anatomic pulmonary segmentectomy is a feasible and safe technique for a skilled doctor. Not only can it be a method of diagnosis, but also it can be a method of treatment for clinical stageⅠ lung cancer, especially for GGO in lung.

Objective To understand the effect of anti-cysticercus therapy for patients with cerebral cysticercosis and the changes of cysticercus on CT image after treatment. Methods The patients with cerebral cysticercosis were classified by the presentation of their brain CT image before treatment, then the effect of anti-cysticercus therapy on them after treatment was analyzed and the presentations of their brain CT images between before and after treatment were compared. Results There were different changes on CT image of cysticercus in brain tissues after anti-cysticercus therapy for different types of patients with cerebral cysticercosis. Type Ⅰ: the focus was absorbed completely after treatment in the majority of patients and calcificated in the minority. Almost all the patients were cured clinically after anticysticercus therapy. Type Ⅱ: the focus was absorbed completely in the minority, and one to two or more calcification dots were observed in the majority of patients. Anti-cysticercus therapy was effective. Type Ⅲ and Ⅳ: the absorption of focus was not very good and the effect of anti-cysticercus therapy was lower relatively. Conclusion The changes of CT image such as absorption, calcification, has important significance in forecasting prognosis and instructing clinical usage.

Objective: To observe the immediate effect of small-angle Tui-Pushing and An-Pressing anti-rotation bone-setting manipulation in improving the correction of braces for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: A total of 50 cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were selected and given brace correction first. The whole spine anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken, the Cobb angle was measured, and the visual analog scale (VAS) score of pain caused by brace wearing was recorded. After removal of the brace, small-angle Tui-Pushing and An-Pressing anti-rotation bone-setting manipulation was performed once. After treatment, the same brace was put on again to take a whole spine anteroposterior radiograph, the Cobb angle was measured, and the VAS score was recorded. The changes in Cobb angle and VAS score after manipulation were compared, and the immediate efficacy was evaluated. Results: After the manipulation, the Cobb angle was significantly smaller than that before treatment (P<0.01) and the VAS score was significantly lower than that before treatment (P<0.01). Conclusion: Small-angle Tui-Pushing and An-Pressing anti-rotation bone-setting manipulation can improve the immediate efficacy of brace in treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and relieve the pain caused by brace wearing at the same time.

The aim of this research is to find an effective cardiomyocyte-induced method derived from porcine amniotic fluid stem cells (pAFS). For cardiac differentiation, the cells were formed embryoid bodies (EBs) firstly, then cultured in induced-medium including 5-azacytidine (5-aza) and vitamin C (Vc). We detected the specific markers of cardiomyocyte by immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and transmission electron microscope. The results showed that some embryoid bodies beat rhythmically after 10 days of induction. Furthermore, analysis of t test revealed that the percentage of beating cardiomyocyte-like cell clusters was highest (33%) when induction using 0.1 mmol/L Vc and 5 micromol/L 5-aza. Immunocytochemistry analysis demonstrated that cardiomyocyte-like cell clusters expressed alpha-actin, Tnni3. RT-PCR analysis also illustrated that TbX5, Gata4, alpha-MHC and Tnni3 were expressed positive in cardiomyocyte-like cell clusters. Especially, we observed basic structures of myocardium, such as myofilament, glycogen granule and so on by transmission electron microscope. In conclusion, 5-azacytidine and vitamin C could promote differentiation of pAFS into myocardium.
Amniotic Fluid ; cytology ; Animals ; Ascorbic Acid ; pharmacology ; Azacitidine ; pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryoid Bodies ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Female ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; Swine

Based on the development trends of nursing care in the ongoing healthcare reform, the PEST model was called into play to analyze the macro-environment of nursing development in terms of such aspects as political, economic, social-cultural, and science and technology factors. Based on such, policy suggestions are raised to tackle the following challenges, namely incomplete political and legal environment for nursing, relative shortage of nursing resources, low social recognition, and poor capability of nursing technique innovation. These suggestions aim to further improve the political and legal system for nursing, explore highly efficient nursing resource allocation, enhance nursing service capability, and nurture nursing technique innovation talents.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to examine the factor structure of Young Schema Questionnaire-short form (YSQ-SF) in a sample of Chinese adolescents, and to explore which maladaptive schemas were associated with anxiety symptoms. METHODS: YSQ-SF was administered to 983 nonclinical Chinese adolescents aged 13–17 years. Confirmatory factor analyses with weighted least squares means and variance adjusted estimation were conducted to examine the factor structure of YSQ-SF. Stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify schemas associated with anxiety symptoms. RESULTS: A bifactor model with 15 correlated factors fitted the data better than other priori defined models. Stepwise regressions showed Vulnerability to harm, Abandonment, Emotional inhibition, Subjugation, and Unrelenting standards schemas were associated with anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, different anxiety symptoms were associated with common and distinctive schemas. CONCLUSION: Maladaptive schemas were already stably formed in Chinese adolescents, however there's no robust evidence for the existence of domain. The explanatory value of maladaptive schemas for understanding psychopathology of anxiety in adolescence is discussed.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Psychopathology ; Sensitivity and Specificity