Neonatal candida colonization is the most important risk factor of neonatal invasive candidiasis.Knowing the characteristics is conducive to recognize the candida colonization early and evaluate the risks of IC.The article reviews the incidence,time,place,trains,transmission,risks of neonatal candida colonization and the relation between candida colonization and IC in neonatal wards,providing the evidence for neonatal IC prophylaxis.

Objective To explore the roles of IκBα and TGF-β1 on airway inflammation in rats with chronic bronchitis induced by smoking and study the effects and mechanism of anti-inflammation of pretreatment with ambroxol. Methods Sixty male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Normal dosage group, model group, high dosage group and low dosage group. The rats with chronic bronchitis were established by smoking. For high and low dosage group, rats were pretreated respectively with ambroxol group, rats were pretreated with normal saline through peritoneal injection as much as the low dosage group.After 76 days, the histopathologic changes stained in hemotoxylin and eosin (H. E.) of bronchopulmonary tissues were observed under opticalmicroscope, white cell counts and differential analysis were performed in BALF, the expression of IκBα and TGF-β1 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The pathological changes of model group were in consistent with that of chronic bronchitis, but the degrees were significantly reduced in high and low dosage groups. Compared with those in normal group, the white cell count and the neutrophilic granulocyte count of BALF in model group were significantly increased and the macrophagocyte count decreased, and the expression of IκBαwas significantly decreased(t =3.24,3.31,3.29,3.48, P ＜0. 05) and the TGF-β1 significantly increased (P ＜0. 05). Compared with those in the model group, the white cell count and the neutrophilic granulocyte count of BALF in high and low dosage group were significantly decreased and the macrophagocyte count increased, the expression of IκBαwas significantly increased (t =2. 86,2. 97,2. 92,3.52,2.42,2. 88,2. 58,3.48, P ＜0. 05) and the TGF-β1 significantly decreased (P ＜0. 05) . Compared with those in low dosage group, the expression of TGF-β1 was decreased and the expression of IκBαincreased in high dosage group (t =2. 82,3.64, P ＜0. 05). Conclusions Down-regulating the expression of IκBα and up-regulating of TGF-β1 may be involved in the process of airway inflammation in rats with chronic bronchitis induced by smoking. Ambroxol might have better effects on ameliorating airway inflammation by up-regulating the expression of IκBα and down-regulating of TGF-β1.

Objective To investigate the nursing cooperation in clinical application of RetCamⅢ wide-field digital pediatric retinal imaging system.Methods 119 patients were given pointed nursing guidance while they underwent RetCamⅢ wide-field digital pediatric retinal imaging system examination.Results All patients accomplished the examination.29 cases had adverse reactions after using mydriatic.27 cases felt discomfort during the examination.22 cases appeared adverse reactions after examination,but relieved after nursing cooperation and guidance.Conclusions RetCamⅢ wide-field digital pediatric retinal imaging system is a rapid,safe and effective method for pediatric fundus examination.Favorable nursing cooperation and guidance is the guarantee of accurate and effective examination and harmonious relationship between doctor-nurse-patient.

Objective To study anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunomodulatory effect of total flavone in culture of Saussurea medusa Maxim and the wild one. Methods Different pain, inflammatory and immune models were made to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunomodulatory effect of total flavone in culture of Saussurea medusa Maxim and the wild one such as paw edema in mice, ear edema in rats and so on. Results There are obvious analgesic effect in pain caused by heat in total flavone in culture of Saussurea medusa Maxim and the wild one, and they have obvious restraining effect on paw edema in mice and ear edema in rats as well as on the function of transformation of lymphocyte T and B in rats. Moreover, there is no obvious difference between total flavone in culture of Saussurea medusa Maxim and the total flavone of the wild one. Conclusion Total flavone in culture ofSaussurea medusa Maxim and the wild one possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunomodulatory effect, and there is no obvious difference between them.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To observe the effects of long-term cigarette smoke exposure on pulmonary vascular remode-ling and the protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) in the rats, and to explore the mechanism. METHODS:SD rats (n=36) were randomly divided into control group, 2-week smoke exposure (S-2W) group and 12-week smoke exposure (S-12W) groups.HE staining andα-smooth muscle actin staining were performed to observe the pul-monary vascular remodeling.The protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA) and TGF-β1 in the pulmo-nary arteries was determined by the method of immunohistochemistry.The mRNA expression of TGF-β1 in the pulmonary arteries was evaluated by RT-qPCR.RESULTS:Compared with control group, ratio of pulmonary vessel wall thickness to vessel diameter ( WT%) and percentage of muscularized vessels were significantly increased in S-2W group and S-12W group ( P<0.01) .Significant increases in the protein expression of PCNA and TGF-β1 in smoke exposure groups were ob-served compared with control group.There was significant difference between 2 model groups (P<0.01).Compared with control group, the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 in pulmonary artery walls obviously increased in smoke exposure groups. There was significantly difference between S-2W and S-12W groups (P<0.05).The mRNA expression of TGF-β1 was positively correlated with pulmonary vascular muscularization, WT% and the protein expression of PCNA.CONCLU-SION:Long-term cigarette smoke exposure results in pulmonary artery remodeling in rats.The possible mechanism is that cigarette smoking exposure induces the over-expression of TGF-β1 at mRNA level in pulmonary vessels and promotes the proliferation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in rats.

Objective To study the recurrence of colon adenoma after endoscopic high-frequency electric polypectomy.Methods The data of 238 patients undergoing endoscopic polypectomy between 2000 and 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.The cumulative recurrence rates at 0-2 years,＞2-5 years and ＞5-8 years after polypectomy,median recurrence time and main risk factors for recurrence were identified based on the features of adenomas detected on initial colonoscopy.Results The cumulative recurrence rates of adenoma at the surveillance examination were 61％,81％,and 84％ for the three intervals,respectively.On multivariate analysis,gender,age,extra-colonic tumor history,alcohol drinking history and adenoma number at initial examination were the independent risk factors of adenoma recurrence.Conclusion We suggest a 2-year surveillance interval for Chinese patients with colonic adenoma after the initial endoscopic polypectomy,a 20-month surveillance interval for males over 60 years old who have more than 2 sdenomas at the initial colonoscopy,and an even shorter interval for those with exira-colonic tumor history or alcohol drinking history.

Objective To isolate and identify smooth muscle progenitor cells(SPCs) from rat bone marrow and to observe specific expression of smooth muscle progenitor cells during proliferation and differentiation in vitro.Methods MNCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation from rat marrow and cultured in conditioned nutrient medium,identification was performed by immunofluorescent staining(?-SMA,CD14).Smooth muscle cells specific markers(?-SMA) were checked with Western blotting and Real-time PCR at different time.Results During culturing,cells adhered and became spindle shaped with outgrowth at 4 d and 7 d,and showed typical "peak" "valley" at 14 d.Both ?-SMA and CD14 were positive after 4 d.Expression of ?-SMA was not found at 1 d with Western blotting,but it gradually enhanced at 4 d and reached the peak from 10 d to 14 d,then maintaned high-level at 21 d.The results with Real-time PCR indicated that no expression of ?-SMA mRNA within non-induced cells was found,but after being induced it gradually enhanced at 4 d and got to peak at 14 d,then kept the high-level at 21 d,low-expression at 1 d was significantly different from the other ones(P

Objective To compare four PCR genotyping method for Clostridium botulinum,and provide the reliable method for detection and identification of Clostridium botulinum from surveillance and foodborn poisoning in Sichuan Province.Methods Six strains of C.botulinum types A,B and E were used to compare four PCR genotyping method-one muhiplex PCR method was from US FDA,two multiplex PCR method and one real-time PCR method were from ISO,and the differences were preliminarily analyzed.Results Three multiplex PCR method could detect C.botulinum types A,B and E in a single reaction.The expected bands for type A were vague using ISO multiplex PCR method 1,whereas bright expected bands could be obtained in the identification of C.botulinum by the other two multiplex PCR method.Real-time multiplex PCR method could detect different types of C.botulinum simultaneously;however,classification should be carried out separately because fluorescent labels were the same.Conclusion Multiplex PCR method from FDA and multiplex PCR method 2 from ISO were relatively simple and could be recommended for C.botulinum surveillance in Sichuan Province.

Objective To detect the microvessel density(MVD) marked by MIF protein in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC), and to see if a relationship exists between microvessel density(MVD) and clinicopathologic features. Methods The expression of MIF in vascular endothelial cell in forty ESCC specimens was examined by immunohistocbemistry staining, calculated the mean of MVD and analysed the relationship with clinicopathologic features. Results The positive rate of MIF protein was 95.00 %(38/40) in ESCC vascular endothelial cell. Compared with the normal esophageal squamous tissue[32.50 %(13/40)], there was significant difference in statistics, the mean of MVD was 26.5±8.5. MVD was positively correlated with the tumor TNM stages and lymph node motastasis. Conclusion MIF can be used in tagging vascular endothelial cell, MVD of ESCC was positively correlated with the tumor TNM stages and lymph node metastasis. It might be an major prognostic factor in ESCC.

Objective To evaluate the effects and mechanism of valerian extract treatment on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis of rats. Methods After healthy Wistar rats(irrespective of sex)were given diethyl ether inhalation anesthesia, giving a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin at a dose of 5 mg/kg to make a pattern of pulmonary fibrosis. 65 survival rats were randomly divided into four groups: Valerian high-dose groups(n = 16), Valerian low-dose groups(n = 16), Colchicine group(n = 16)and Model group (n = 17).Each group was given a dose of 100 mg/kg valeian extract everyday, a dose of 20 mg/kg valeian extract Valeian extract , a dose of 100μg/kg colchicine and a dose of 10ml/kg after second day. And in each groups, 6 rats were killed on day 7, 10 rats were killed on day 28 after instillation respectively. Rats in control group (n = 8) were instilled with saline intractracheally and saline was given everyday with a dose of 10ml/kg. Control group was killed on day 28. After rats were killed, The right lower pulmonary lobes were harvested for HE-staining, Masson-staining was used to observe the transformation of pulmonary tissue and immunohistochemistry was used to examine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) which was analyzed by image analysis system. Results No obvious transformation were found in control group. The alveolitis in valerian and colchicine groups were ameliorated, compared with model group on day 7. The expressions of TGF-β1 in control group were lower than that in model group, and the mean integrated optical densities of TGF-β1 in control group were lower than that in mod-el group(P<0.05). The pulmonary fibrosis in valerian and colchicine group were ameliorated, compared with model group on day 28. The expressions of TGF-β1 in valerian and colchicine group were lower than that in model group. There were no significant differences between the valerian group and the colchicine group. Conclusion Valerian extract could reduce the degree of alveolitis and fibrosis induced by bleo-mycin through suppressing of TGF-β1.