Neonatal candida colonization is the most important risk factor of neonatal invasive candidiasis.Knowing the characteristics is conducive to recognize the candida colonization early and evaluate the risks of IC.The article reviews the incidence,time,place,trains,transmission,risks of neonatal candida colonization and the relation between candida colonization and IC in neonatal wards,providing the evidence for neonatal IC prophylaxis.

Objective To investigate the nursing cooperation in clinical application of RetCamⅢ wide-field digital pediatric retinal imaging system.Methods 119 patients were given pointed nursing guidance while they underwent RetCamⅢ wide-field digital pediatric retinal imaging system examination.Results All patients accomplished the examination.29 cases had adverse reactions after using mydriatic.27 cases felt discomfort during the examination.22 cases appeared adverse reactions after examination,but relieved after nursing cooperation and guidance.Conclusions RetCamⅢ wide-field digital pediatric retinal imaging system is a rapid,safe and effective method for pediatric fundus examination.Favorable nursing cooperation and guidance is the guarantee of accurate and effective examination and harmonious relationship between doctor-nurse-patient.

Objective To study anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunomodulatory effect of total flavone in culture of Saussurea medusa Maxim and the wild one. Methods Different pain, inflammatory and immune models were made to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunomodulatory effect of total flavone in culture of Saussurea medusa Maxim and the wild one such as paw edema in mice, ear edema in rats and so on. Results There are obvious analgesic effect in pain caused by heat in total flavone in culture of Saussurea medusa Maxim and the wild one, and they have obvious restraining effect on paw edema in mice and ear edema in rats as well as on the function of transformation of lymphocyte T and B in rats. Moreover, there is no obvious difference between total flavone in culture of Saussurea medusa Maxim and the total flavone of the wild one. Conclusion Total flavone in culture ofSaussurea medusa Maxim and the wild one possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunomodulatory effect, and there is no obvious difference between them.

Objective To explore the roles of IκBα and TGF-β1 on airway inflammation in rats with chronic bronchitis induced by smoking and study the effects and mechanism of anti-inflammation of pretreatment with ambroxol. Methods Sixty male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Normal dosage group, model group, high dosage group and low dosage group. The rats with chronic bronchitis were established by smoking. For high and low dosage group, rats were pretreated respectively with ambroxol group, rats were pretreated with normal saline through peritoneal injection as much as the low dosage group.After 76 days, the histopathologic changes stained in hemotoxylin and eosin (H. E.) of bronchopulmonary tissues were observed under opticalmicroscope, white cell counts and differential analysis were performed in BALF, the expression of IκBα and TGF-β1 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The pathological changes of model group were in consistent with that of chronic bronchitis, but the degrees were significantly reduced in high and low dosage groups. Compared with those in normal group, the white cell count and the neutrophilic granulocyte count of BALF in model group were significantly increased and the macrophagocyte count decreased, and the expression of IκBαwas significantly decreased(t =3.24,3.31,3.29,3.48, P ＜0. 05) and the TGF-β1 significantly increased (P ＜0. 05). Compared with those in the model group, the white cell count and the neutrophilic granulocyte count of BALF in high and low dosage group were significantly decreased and the macrophagocyte count increased, the expression of IκBαwas significantly increased (t =2. 86,2. 97,2. 92,3.52,2.42,2. 88,2. 58,3.48, P ＜0. 05) and the TGF-β1 significantly decreased (P ＜0. 05) . Compared with those in low dosage group, the expression of TGF-β1 was decreased and the expression of IκBαincreased in high dosage group (t =2. 82,3.64, P ＜0. 05). Conclusions Down-regulating the expression of IκBα and up-regulating of TGF-β1 may be involved in the process of airway inflammation in rats with chronic bronchitis induced by smoking. Ambroxol might have better effects on ameliorating airway inflammation by up-regulating the expression of IκBα and down-regulating of TGF-β1.

Objective To study the recurrence of colon adenoma after endoscopic high-frequency electric polypectomy.Methods The data of 238 patients undergoing endoscopic polypectomy between 2000 and 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.The cumulative recurrence rates at 0-2 years,＞2-5 years and ＞5-8 years after polypectomy,median recurrence time and main risk factors for recurrence were identified based on the features of adenomas detected on initial colonoscopy.Results The cumulative recurrence rates of adenoma at the surveillance examination were 61％,81％,and 84％ for the three intervals,respectively.On multivariate analysis,gender,age,extra-colonic tumor history,alcohol drinking history and adenoma number at initial examination were the independent risk factors of adenoma recurrence.Conclusion We suggest a 2-year surveillance interval for Chinese patients with colonic adenoma after the initial endoscopic polypectomy,a 20-month surveillance interval for males over 60 years old who have more than 2 sdenomas at the initial colonoscopy,and an even shorter interval for those with exira-colonic tumor history or alcohol drinking history.

The phenomenon of secondary ischemic brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage is more common in clinical practice.In recent years,a growing number of studies are trying to find an effective therapy to avoid the occurrence of ischemic brain injury and improve the prognosis in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.This article reviews the incidence and mechanisms of ischemic brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To analyze the antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria recovered from bronchial secretions by bronchofiberscope in bronchiectasis patients complicated with infection for improving antibacterial therapy. Methods A total of 97 bronchiectasis patients complicated with infection treated in Liyuan Hospital during the period from June 2013 to December 2015 were included in this analysis. The pathogens were recovered from bronchial secretions by bronchofiberscope and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc method. The data were analyzed with WHONET 5.5 software. Results Pathogenic organisms were isolated from 53 (54.6%) of the 97 patients, including 49 (92.4%) strains of gram negative bacilli, mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 (5.7%) strains of?gram?positive?cocci,?specifically?2?strains?of?S. aureus and 1 strain of S. pneumoniae, and 1 (1.9%) strain of Candida albicans. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that most P. aeruginosa isolates (>71.8%) were susceptible to tobramycin, amikacin,cefepime, and aztreonam, but 100% resistant to levofloxacin. More A. baumannii isolates were susceptible to tobramycin and amikacin (both 85.7%), followed by imipenem (>42.9%). More than half (>50%) of the K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to cefotaxime, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin.Conclusions Gram negative bacilli are dominant in the pathogenic organisms recovered from bronchial secretions in bronchiectasis patients complicated with infection. Most of the pathogens are relatively susceptible to tobramycin and amikacin, but resistant to ciprofloxacin?and?levofloxacin.

Objective To evaluate the effects and mechanism of valerian extract treatment on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis of rats. Methods After healthy Wistar rats(irrespective of sex)were given diethyl ether inhalation anesthesia, giving a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin at a dose of 5 mg/kg to make a pattern of pulmonary fibrosis. 65 survival rats were randomly divided into four groups: Valerian high-dose groups(n = 16), Valerian low-dose groups(n = 16), Colchicine group(n = 16)and Model group (n = 17).Each group was given a dose of 100 mg/kg valeian extract everyday, a dose of 20 mg/kg valeian extract Valeian extract , a dose of 100μg/kg colchicine and a dose of 10ml/kg after second day. And in each groups, 6 rats were killed on day 7, 10 rats were killed on day 28 after instillation respectively. Rats in control group (n = 8) were instilled with saline intractracheally and saline was given everyday with a dose of 10ml/kg. Control group was killed on day 28. After rats were killed, The right lower pulmonary lobes were harvested for HE-staining, Masson-staining was used to observe the transformation of pulmonary tissue and immunohistochemistry was used to examine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) which was analyzed by image analysis system. Results No obvious transformation were found in control group. The alveolitis in valerian and colchicine groups were ameliorated, compared with model group on day 7. The expressions of TGF-β1 in control group were lower than that in model group, and the mean integrated optical densities of TGF-β1 in control group were lower than that in mod-el group(P<0.05). The pulmonary fibrosis in valerian and colchicine group were ameliorated, compared with model group on day 28. The expressions of TGF-β1 in valerian and colchicine group were lower than that in model group. There were no significant differences between the valerian group and the colchicine group. Conclusion Valerian extract could reduce the degree of alveolitis and fibrosis induced by bleo-mycin through suppressing of TGF-β1.

Objective To detect the microvessel density(MVD) marked by MIF protein in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC), and to see if a relationship exists between microvessel density(MVD) and clinicopathologic features. Methods The expression of MIF in vascular endothelial cell in forty ESCC specimens was examined by immunohistocbemistry staining, calculated the mean of MVD and analysed the relationship with clinicopathologic features. Results The positive rate of MIF protein was 95.00 %(38/40) in ESCC vascular endothelial cell. Compared with the normal esophageal squamous tissue[32.50 %(13/40)], there was significant difference in statistics, the mean of MVD was 26.5±8.5. MVD was positively correlated with the tumor TNM stages and lymph node motastasis. Conclusion MIF can be used in tagging vascular endothelial cell, MVD of ESCC was positively correlated with the tumor TNM stages and lymph node metastasis. It might be an major prognostic factor in ESCC.

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous vertebraplasty is a new means for the treatment of vertebral compression fractures and bone metastases. The multiplaner reconstruction with digital substraction angiography (DSA)-Innova 3D plays an important role in guiding the percutaneous vertebraplasty puncture, which can effectively prevent the leakage of bone cement. OBJECTIVE:To explore the value of DSA-Innova 3D in the guidance of puncture of percutaneous vertebroplasty. METHODS:From March 2014 to September 2014, a total of 72 patients with 94 vertebras were selected for percutaneous vertebraplasty, of whom 36 (48 vertebras) with Innova 3D (experimentalgroup) and 36 (46 vertebras) without Innova 3D (control group). Spiral CT scan was performed in al patients to assess the distribution of bone cement. The imaging quality in the two groups was compared by Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:CT showed bone cement leakage occurred in 7 of the 36 patients in the control group. Leakages were into the lumber disc in two cases, paravertebral space in two cases, vertebral pedicle in onecase or veins in two cases. However, only one case of bone cement leakage was observed in the experimental group. With the guidance of DSA-Innova 3D, the experimental group had signficantly lower leakage and fluoroscopic time than the control group (P < 0.05). The multiplaner reconstruction with DSA-Innova 3D plays an important role in guiding the percutaneous vertebraplasty puncture, thereby effectively reducing the leakage of bone cement.