OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preoperative virtual CT endoscopy about the simple congenital middle ear malformations and its clinical application. METHOD: Thirteen cases (16 ears) with simple congenital middle ear malformations were undergone high resolution CT scannig to collect the original image data, followed by 3-dimensional reconstruction to process the images to evaluate the possible lesions of the ossicular chain. Then, a comparative analysis was made between the finding of virtual CT endotoscopic and the finding that actually found during the operation of the ossicular chain lesions. RESULT: We found malleus and upper strcture of incus abnormity or embeded in upper inner wall of atticus in 5 ears; malleus, incus and stape all abnormity or absence in 3 ears, in the former two conditions we both selected auricular incision through attic pathway remaining intact canal wall; we found crus longum incudis hypoplasia orstructure suprastapedialis absence,stapes aberrance or absence in 8 ears, then we selected vestibular window fenestration and artificial stapes surgery. Postoperative external auditory canals and tympanic membranes were intact in 16 ears,and speech frequency hearing improved by average of 25-45 dB. The coincidence between virtual CT endoscopy and the ossicular chain abnormity under operating views were 100% in cases with congenital ear deformity. CONCLUSION Virtual CT endoscopy is a reliable reference for preoperative evaluation on congenital middle ear malformations.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Ear, Middle ; abnormalities ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the cognitive function of patients with prostate cancer after maximal androgen blockade therapy and its influenced factors,and to provide a new way for early prevention strategy.Methods Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA),hospital anxiety depression scale (HAD),social support rating scale (SSRS) and self-designed questionnaire were used in 56 cases treated with maximum androgen blockade therapy for more than six months and 37 cases who underwent radical prostatectomy treatment to evaluate their cognitive function and collect the observation indexes between January 2013 and October 2015.Based on MoCA score,all patients were divided into cognitive dysfunction group (n =40) and normal cognitive function group (n =53).The observation indexes in two groups were compared and cognitive function with different treatment in two groups were analyzed.The changes on the influencing factors of cognitive function in patients were filtered using multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results In the cognitive dysfunction group and normal group,the proportion of MAB treatment was 80.0％ (32/40) vs.45.3％ (24/53),the age was 73.7 vs.73.7 years,the proportion of solitary was 32.5％ (13/40) vs.13.2％ (7/53),the proportion of depressive symptoms was 87.5％ (35/40) vs.62.3％ (33/53),the social support level was 32.5 vs.41.1 and the proportion of testosterone decreased was 95.0％ (38/40) vs.45.3％ (24/53).All events showed statistically significant differences (P ＜0.05).Compared MAB treatment group with radical surgical treatment group,the testosterone level was (0.27-±O.15) vs.(12.14 ± 1.86) nmol/L,visual space and executive function score was 4.18 ±0.79 vs.4.54 ±0.56,attention score was 4.73 ±0.99 vs.5.16 ±0.79,delayed memory score was 3.75 ± 1.21 vs.4.30 ± 1.05 and MoCA score was 26.13 ± 1.48 vs.27.27 ± 1.39,which all showed the statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The results of multiple regression analysis showed that age (OR =1.183,95％ CI 1.135-1.223),depressive symptoms (OR =1.092,95％ CI 1.047-1.149),social support (OR =0.897,95％ CI O.838-0.956),testosterone (OR =2.105,95％ CI 1.369-4.083) were the influenced factors of cognitive dysfunction.Conclusions The incidence of cognitive dysfunction in patients with prostate cancer after maximal androgen blockade therapy more than six months was higher than others.Age,depression,social support level and testosterone levels were related to the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the role of the Wnt/LRPS/3-catenin signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.Methods Fifty female Wistar rats aged 6-month-old,were randomly divided into control group ( NS,n =24 ) and ovariectomized group ( NOVX,n =26),NOVX underwent bilateral ovariectomy.At 0,4 and 8 weeks,all of rats were measured blood estrogen ( E2 ) and bone mineral density (BMD),4 and 8 weeks,low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5),3-catenin and Runx2 mRNA in bone were measured respectively by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR.Results In 4 and 8 weeks,compared with NS which had (117±29) and (114+15) pmol/L in E2 level,(0.098 ± 0.016 ) and (0.095 ± 0.028 ) g/cm2 in BMD,NOVX had significantly decreased to ( 92±15 ) and(95±22) pmol/L in E2 level ( P＜0.05 ),( 0.076 ± 0.016) and ( 0.052 ± 0.013 ) g/cm2 in BMD values ( P ＜ 0.01 ).And bone tissue LRP5,β-catenin and Runx2 mRNA expression was 1.02 ± 0.06,1.04 ±0.05,1.07 ±0.21 in NS,NOVX was significantly reduced to 0.97 ± 0.04,0.58 ± 0.05,0.86 ±0.03 (P＜0.05).Conclusion Wnt/LRP5/β-catenin signaling pathway may be important in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVE To study the relative factors affecting auditory effects after tympanoplasty. METHODS 118 cases (126 ears) of tympanoplasty were reported,16 factors that might influence auditory effects were analysed. RESULTS There were 10 in 16 factors affecting auditory effects after tympanoplasty, including course, the degree of pathological changes, air-bone gap, function of eustanchian tube, remaining handle of malleus, the type of surgery, condition of tympanic mambrane after operation and so on. The results of single-variance analysis had statistical differences (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION Auditory effects after tympanoplasty were influenced by a series of factors, the major factors were the degree of pathological change and type of surgery.

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical usability of virtual endoscopy(VE) in tympanoplasty.METHODS A total of 102 patients (204 ears) were observed by virtual endoscopy. Tympanoplasty was performed in 72 cases (75 ears) including 53 cases (55 ears) with chronic otitis media and 19 cases (20 ears) with congenital microtia and middle ear dysmorphia. Ossicular chain reconstruction was conducteded in 65 ears at the same time. RESULTS The ossicular chain was showed eroded in 19 ears of 23 patients with cholesteatoma otitis media pre-operatively by VE, but was found eroded in all of 23 ears during operation. The ossicular chain was showed eroded in 29 ears of 32 patients with osteitis otitis media pre-operatively by VE, but during operation it was found 23 ears with malleus and incus eroded, 11 ears without head of stapes or up-structure of stapes. VE showed 18 ears with congenital microtia and middle ear malformation and 2 ears with small tympanic cavity and no ossicular chain preoperatively, and operation proved 17 ears with severe ossicular malformation, 2 ears without stapes, 1 ear with vestibular window atresia. There were 2 ears with sudden hearing loss after tympanoplasty, the VE showed ossicular displacement. The coincidence rates between VE and operation view were 92 % in patients with otitis media and 100 % in patients with congenital microtia and middle ear malformation. CONCLUSION VE can supply reliability data for evaluation of the damaged ossicular chain and efficacy of tympanoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the function of virtual endoscopy in assessing ossicular chain deformity in the congenital ear malformation. METHOD: In 23 cases 28 ears with congenital atresia of external auditory meatus. A high resolution spiral CT is used to display the temporal bone by axial and direct coronal planes. Perspective virtual endoscopy was processed using the virtual endoscopy software. To compare the views of the operative exploration and the virtual endoscopy then draw the responding conclusions. RESULT: Twenty-eight ears with congenital microtia were showed ossicular deformity in 25 ears, while flache pauke in 3 ears. Twenty-four ears treated by canaloplasty of external auditory meatus and tympanoplasty, hammer and incus hypoplasia in 19 ears, stapes abnormity were demonstrated in 11 ears, ossicles absence in 3 ears, vestibular window clausura in 1 ears. The coincidence between Virtual endoscopy and operating view were 100% in cases with congenital ear deformity. CONCLUSION Virtual endoscopy can provide reliable information on the ossicles pathological conditions in congenital congenital aural atresia.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Ear Canal ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Ear Diseases ; congenital ; diagnostic imaging ; Ear Ossicles ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Ear, External ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Ear, Middle ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Infant ; Software ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of epitympanum approach tympanotomy in treating traumatic ossicular chain disruption. METHOD: Ten patients with temporal bone fracture and trauma of ear, whose CT scan of temporal bone showed that Malleoincudal joint irregular shape in the axial view and incudostapedial joint dislocation in the coronal view, were included in this study, Virtual endoscopy showed Malleoincudal joint separation, incudostapedial joint dislocation and interruption, ossicular chain disruption in all patients. The surgical approach was opening the atticus via temporal line, remaining the intact posterior and superior wall of external acoustic meatus, exposing the atticus and posterior tympanic cavity sufficiently, and treating the lesions of ossicular chain. RESULT: One patient with the long process of the incus fracture, adopted the fitted incus prosthesis between the handle of the malleus and the head of the stapes. Six patients with Malleoincudal joint separation or incudostapedial joint dislocation, 3 patients with incus body dislocation completely, adopted incus positioning two articulation decis. The air-conducting hearing levels had an enhancement of 25-50dB in average after surgery. CONCLUSION The effect of intact canal wall epitympanum approach ossicular reposition in treating traumatic ossicular chain disruption is satisfying.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Ear Ossicles ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Ear, Middle ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Ear Ventilation ; Temporal Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the influence of lack of parental accompaniment, physical abuse and neglect in childhood on the psychological distress of college entrant students. Methods In a comprehensive university in Sichuan Province, 8367 freshmen were surveyed using the 6-item Kessler psychological distress (K6) scale and a questionnaire for lack of parental accompany, physical abuse and neglect in childhood. The students were divided into rural group and urban group for data analysis. Results The months of lack of maternal and/or paternal accompaniment were more in rural group than that in urban group (P<0.05). In rural group, female (standardizedβ’=0.139, P<0.001), neglect (standardizedβ’=0.237, P<0.001) and physical abuse (standardized β’=0.076, P<0.001) were associated with K6 scale. In urban group, female (standardizedβ’=0.091, P<0.001), lack of paternal accompaniment (standardizedβ’=0.050, P<0.001), ne? glect (standardized β’=0.169, P<0.001) and physical abuse (standardized β’=0.095, P<0.001) related with K6 scale. Conclusions Neglect and physical abuse are independent risk factors to freshmen both from rural and urban areas. Lack of paternal accompaniment in childhood is a risk factor only in urban freshmen. Further research should select more rep?resentative samples and also include more factors which may interact with the loss of parental accompaniment such as pa?rental divorce and conditions regarding so calledleft-behindchildren in rural area.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effect of clarithromycin combined with tanshinone in the treatment of rhinosinusal and laryngeal radiation injury induced by radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

METHODSA total of 255 NPC patients with rhinosinusal and laryngeal radiation injury following radiotherapy were randomized into 3 groups for treatment with clarithromycin (group A, n=69), tanshinone (group B, n=69), and clarithromycin + tanshinone (group C, n=69), and the clinical outcomes of the patients were evaluated.

RESULTSIn all the 3 groups the patients responded favorably to the treatments and showed obvious improvements (P<0.05). The therapeutic effects were similar between groups A and B (P>0.05), but the patients in group C showed the most obvious improvements (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSClarithromycin combined with tanshinone can be an effective regimen for treatment of rhinosinusal and laryngeal radiation injury induced by radiotherapy in NPC patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; Clarithromycin ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Larynx ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Nose ; pathology ; Paranasal Sinuses ; pathology ; Pharynx ; pathology ; Radiation Injuries ; drug therapy ; Young Adult